A1 Negation 1 min read آسان

The 'Ar' Particle

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Georgian, simply place the particle 'ar' (არ) directly before the verb to turn an affirmative sentence into a negative one.

  • Place 'ar' before the verb: 'Me vch'am' (I eat) becomes 'Me ar vch'am' (I do not eat).
  • The particle 'ar' is independent and does not change form regardless of the subject.
  • In questions, 'ar' remains before the verb: 'Ar ch'am?' (Are you not eating?).
Subject + (Optional) + არ (ar) + Verb

Meanings

The particle 'ar' is the standard way to negate verbs in Georgian, functioning similarly to 'not' in English.

1

Verbal Negation

Used to negate actions or states of being.

“მე არ ვჭამ (I am not eating)”

“ის არ მოდის (He is not coming)”

2

Existential Negation

Used with 'aris' (is) to say something does not exist.

“ეს არ არის კარგი (This is not good)”

“აქ არ არის ადამიანი (There is no person here)”

Negation with 'Ar'

Subject Affirmative Negative
Me (I) vch'am ar vch'am
Shen (You) ch'am ar ch'am
Is (He/She) ch'ams ar ch'ams
Chven (We) vch'amt ar vch'amt
Tkven (You pl.) ch'amt ar ch'amt
Isini (They) ch'amen ar ch'amen

Common Contractions

Full Form Common Usage
ar aris ara's

Reference Table

Reference table for The 'Ar' Particle
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + Verb Me vch'am
Negative Subject + ar + Verb Me ar vch'am
Question Ar + Verb? Ar ch'am?
Existential ar + aris Es ar aris
Past Negative ar + Past Verb Me ar vch'ame
Future Negative ar + Future Verb Me ar vch'am
Negative Answer ar + Verb Ar vch'am

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
მე არ ვჭამ.

მე არ ვჭამ. (General)

خنثی
არ ვჭამ.

არ ვჭამ. (General)

غیر رسمی
არ ვჭამ.

არ ვჭამ. (General)

عامیانه
არ ვჭამ.

არ ვჭამ. (General)

Negation Particle Map

Negation

Usage

  • Verbs Actions
  • Existence Being

Negation Types

Ar (Fact)
ar vch'am I don't eat
Ver (Ability)
ver vch'am I can't eat

How to negate

1

Is it a fact?

YES
Use ar
NO
Use ver/nu

Negation Particles

🚫

Particles

  • • ar
  • • ver
  • • nu
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

მე არ ვჭამ.

I do not eat.

2

ის არ მოდის.

He is not coming.

3

ჩვენ არ ვიცით.

We do not know.

4

ეს არ არის კარგი.

This is not good.

1

დღეს მე არ ვმუშაობ.

I am not working today.

2

შენ არ გესმის ჩემი.

You do not understand me.

3

მათ არ აქვთ დრო.

They do not have time.

4

აქ არ არის მაღაზია.

There is no shop here.

1

მე არ მინდა წასვლა.

I do not want to go.

2

ისინი არ ეთანხმებიან გეგმას.

They do not agree with the plan.

3

არ მგონია, რომ ეს სწორია.

I do not think that this is correct.

4

ჩვენ არ დაგვიმთავრებია საქმე.

We have not finished the work.

1

არავინ არ იცის სიმართლე.

Nobody knows the truth.

2

არ არის საჭირო ასე ჩქარა.

It is not necessary to be so fast.

3

მე არასდროს არ ვყოფილვარ იქ.

I have never been there.

4

არც მე და არც შენ არ ვიცით.

Neither I nor you know.

1

არც კი ვიცი, რა ვთქვა.

I don't even know what to say.

2

არაფერი არ არის შეუძლებელი.

Nothing is impossible.

3

არავითარ შემთხვევაში არ წავალ.

Under no circumstances will I go.

4

არცერთი წიგნი არ წამიკითხავს.

I have not read a single book.

1

არათუ არ მოვიდა, არც დაურეკავს.

Not only did he not come, he didn't even call.

2

არცერთმა ადამიანმა არ იცოდა.

Not a single person knew.

3

არასოდეს არ უნდა თქვა არასდროს.

One should never say never.

4

არც ისე ადვილია, როგორც ჩანს.

It is not as easy as it seems.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

The 'Ar' Particle در مقابل Ar vs Ver

Both negate, but ar is for facts and ver is for inability.

The 'Ar' Particle در مقابل Ar vs Nu

Nu is for commands, ar is for statements.

The 'Ar' Particle در مقابل Ar vs Ara

Ara is 'no', ar is 'not'.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

vch'am ar

✓

ar vch'am

Ar must come before the verb.
✗

ar vch'am-i

✓

ar vch'am

Do not add extra suffixes to the verb.
✗

ara vch'am

✓

ar vch'am

Use 'ar', not 'ara' (which means 'no').
✗

me ar vch'am-s

✓

me ar vch'am

Check your conjugation.
✗

ar minda-a

✓

ar minda

Avoid redundant suffixes.
✗

ar vushaoob

✓

ar vmushaoob

Check the verb root.
✗

ar aris-a

✓

ar aris

Keep it simple.
✗

ver vch'am

✓

ar vch'am

Use 'ar' for facts, not 'ver'.
✗

nu vch'am

✓

ar vch'am

Use 'ar' for statements, not 'nu'.
✗

ar vch'am-a

✓

ar vch'am

Avoid past tense markers in present.
✗

ar-ar vch'am

✓

ar vch'am

Avoid double negation unless for emphasis.
✗

ar vch'am-s-a

✓

ar vch'am-s

Correct conjugation.
✗

ar-is vch'am

✓

ar vch'am

Do not insert pronouns between ar and verb.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Me ___ ___.

___ ___ ar aris.

Me ___ ___ ___.

___ ___ ___ ar ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Ar vici.

Ordering food very common

Ar minda xortsi.

Job interview common

Me ar vumushavia.

Travel common

Es ar aris chemi.

Social media very common

Ar momtsons.

Food delivery occasional

Ar mivige.

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
💡

Keep it simple

Don't overthink the conjugation. Just put 'ar' before the verb.
⚠️

Don't confuse with 'ver'

Remember: 'ar' is for facts, 'ver' is for inability.
🎯

Use it in questions

You can use 'ar' in questions just like in statements.
💬

Be direct

In Georgian, using 'ar' is not considered rude; it's just direct.

Smart Tips

Just put 'ar' in front.

Me vch'am → Me ar vch'am

Ask: 'Is it a fact or an inability?'

Ver vch'am (when you just don't want to) → Ar vch'am

Put 'ar' before the preverb.

Shevch'am → Ar shevch'am

Use 'ar' with other words like 'aravis'.

Ar vici → Aravin ar vici

تلفظ

/ar/

Ar

Pronounced like 'ar' in 'car' but shorter.

Statement

Me ar vch'am ↘

Neutral statement

Question

Ar vch'am? ↗

Inquiry

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

AR is the STAR of negation—it always shines right before the verb.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a big red 'AR' sign blocking the path of a verb. The verb cannot pass the sign, so it stops.

Rhyme

When you want to say 'no' or 'not', put 'ar' in the perfect spot.

Story

I wanted to eat (vch'am). But I saw a sign that said 'AR'. I stopped. I did not eat (ar vch'am).

شبکه واژگان

araraaravisaraperiaradaarastodes

چالش

Write 5 sentences about things you are NOT doing right now using 'ar'.

نکات فرهنگی

Very direct, often used in short, punchy sentences.

Sometimes combined with other particles for emphasis.

Used precisely to maintain clarity.

Ar is an ancient Kartvelian particle used for negation.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Ar ginda ch'ama?

“

Ar xar dakavebuli?

“

Ar ginda chven-tan ertad?

“

Ar apireb wasvlas?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about 3 things you are not doing today.
Describe a place you have not visited.
Explain why you do not agree with a common opinion.
Discuss a goal you have not achieved yet.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Me ___ vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ar
Ar is the correct particle for factual negation.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Ar must be before the verb.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Is ar vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is ar ch'ams
Correct conjugation for 'is'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Correct word order.
Translate to Georgian. ترجمه

I do not work.

Answer starts with: Me ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vmushaoob
Correct translation.
Match the negation. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ar - not
Ar means not.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

Me vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Ar is for factual negation.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ginda ch'ama? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ar vch'am
Ar vch'am is the natural response.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Me ___ vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ar
Ar is the correct particle for factual negation.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Ar must be before the verb.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Is ar vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is ar ch'ams
Correct conjugation for 'is'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

vch'am / ar / me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Correct word order.
Translate to Georgian. ترجمه

I do not work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vmushaoob
Correct translation.
Match the negation. جفت کردن

Match the meaning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ar - not
Ar means not.
Transform to negative. Sentence Transformation

Me vch'am.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me ar vch'am
Ar is for factual negation.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ginda ch'ama? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ar vch'am
Ar vch'am is the natural response.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, 'ar' is invariant.

Always before the verb.

No, 'ara' is 'no', 'ar' is 'not'.

No, use 'nu' for commands.

Use 'ver' instead of 'ar'.

Yes, it is standard in all registers.

Yes, 'ar aris' means 'is not'.

No, that is incorrect.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

no + verb

Spanish has no auxiliary verb needs, just like Georgian.

French partial

ne + verb + pas

Georgian is simpler as it only uses one particle.

German moderate

nicht

Georgian places it before the verb.

Japanese low

nai

Georgian uses an independent particle.

Arabic moderate

la

Georgian has different particles for different types of negation.

Chinese moderate

bu

Georgian's particle is invariant, while Chinese has tone changes.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
The 'Ver' Particle (Inability)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

The 'Ver' Particle (Inability)
A1

The 'Nu' Particle (Prohibition)
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