Possession with 'Ka'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'ka', 'ki', or 'ke' to show possession, matching the gender and number of the object being possessed.
- Use 'ka' for masculine singular objects: 'Mera bhai' (My brother).
- Use 'ki' for feminine objects: 'Meri behen' (My sister).
- Use 'ke' for masculine plural objects: 'Mere dost' (My friends).
Meanings
The particle 'ka' (and its variants 'ki' and 'ke') links an owner to an object, functioning like the English apostrophe-s or 'of'.
Direct Possession
Indicating ownership of an object.
“Yeh mera ghar hai.”
“Woh Ahmed ki gari hai.”
Genitive Particle Agreement
| Object Gender/Number | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular | ka | Ali ka ghar |
| Feminine Singular | ki | Ali ki kitab |
| Masculine Plural | ke | Ali ke dost |
| Feminine Plural | kin | Ali kin kitabon mein |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Owner + ka/ki/ke + Object | Yeh mera ghar hai. |
| Negative | Owner + ka/ki/ke + nahi + Object | Yeh mera ghar nahi hai. |
| Question | Kya + Owner + ka/ki/ke + Object + hai? | Kya yeh tumhara ghar hai? |
| Plural | Owner + ke + Objects | Yeh mere dost hain. |
| Oblique | Owner + ke + Postposition | Uske ghar mein. |
フォーマル度スペクトル
Yeh mera ghar hai. (Daily life)
Yeh mera ghar hai. (Daily life)
Yeh mera ghar. (Daily life)
Mera ghar hai yeh. (Daily life)
The Ka-Ki-Ke Tree
Masculine Singular
- ka house
Feminine
- ki book
Masculine Plural
- ke friends
Examples by Level
Yeh mera bhai hai.
This is my brother.
Yeh meri kitab hai.
This is my book.
Yeh mere dost hain.
These are my friends.
Woh Ali ka ghar hai.
That is Ali's house.
Kya yeh tumhari gari hai?
Is this your car?
Uska naam kya hai?
What is his/her name?
Hamare ghar mein khushi hai.
There is happiness in our house.
Unki baat sahi hai.
Their point is correct.
Yeh mere bhai ke kapray hain.
These are my brother's clothes.
Mujhe uski madad ki zaroorat hai.
I need his help.
Yeh kahani bachpan ki hai.
This story is from childhood.
Unke kaam ki tareef karni chahiye.
His work should be praised.
Yeh sona ka bana hua haar hai.
This is a necklace made of gold.
Unki soch ka andaza lagana mushkil hai.
It is hard to guess his thinking.
Yeh shehar ki purani galiyan hain.
These are the city's old streets.
Mere khayal ke mutabiq yeh ghalat hai.
According to my opinion, this is wrong.
Yeh uske dil ki awaaz hai.
This is the voice of his heart.
Unki shakhsiyat ka asar gehra hai.
The impact of his personality is deep.
Yeh faisla unke haq mein hai.
This decision is in his favor.
Zindagi ki haqeeqat yahi hai.
This is the reality of life.
Unke ilm ka koi sani nahi.
There is no match for his knowledge.
Yeh unki zaat ka hissa hai.
This is a part of his being.
Unke iradon ki gehrai ko samjho.
Understand the depth of his intentions.
Yeh unke khandan ki riwayat hai.
This is the tradition of his family.
Easily Confused
Learners forget that 'ka' changes to 'ke' before postpositions.
Confusing singular and plural.
Confusing gender.
よくある間違い
Ali ki ghar
Ali ka ghar
Mera kitab
Meri kitab
Mere dost hai
Mere dost hain
Uska behen
Uski behen
Tumka ghar
Tumhara ghar
Mere bhai ki
Mere bhai ka
Unka kitabein
Unki kitabein
Uska ghar mein
Uske ghar mein
Mere dost ka ghar
Mere dost ka ghar
Yeh kitab meri hai
Yeh meri kitab hai
Unka baat
Unki baat
Mere khayal ka mutabiq
Mere khayal ke mutabiq
Yeh unka zaat hai
Yeh unki zaat hai
Sentence Patterns
Yeh ___ ka/ki/ke ___ hai.
Kya yeh ___ ka/ki/ke ___ hai?
___ ka/ki/ke ___ bahut acha hai.
Yeh ___ ka/ki/ke ___ mein hai.
Real World Usage
Yeh meri photo hai.
Tumhara ghar kahan hai?
Yeh mera tajurba hai.
Yeh meri ticket hai.
Yeh mera order hai.
Yeh meri kitab hai.
Check the Object
Don't match the owner
Oblique Case
Politeness
Smart Tips
Learn the gender with the noun.
Identify the object first.
Always use 'ke' before 'mein', 'se', 'par'.
Use 'unka' even for one person.
発音
Ka/Ki/Ke
The 'k' is aspirated. Use a soft 'a' sound.
Question
Kya yeh tumhara ghar hai? ↑
Rising intonation at the end.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Ka is for King (Masculine), Ki is for Queen (Feminine), Ke is for Kids (Plural).
Visual Association
Imagine a King sitting on a chair (Ka), a Queen holding a rose (Ki), and a group of kids playing (Ke).
Rhyme
Masculine singular is ka, feminine is ki, plural is ke, remember this and you'll be free!
Story
Ali has a house (ka), a book (ki), and many friends (ke). He keeps them organized in his mind. Every time he speaks, he checks the object first.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Label 5 items in your room using 'Yeh [item] mera/meri hai'.
文化メモ
Using 'ka' correctly is a sign of respect and education.
Often influenced by Hindi, but the grammar remains the same.
Poets sometimes play with the order for rhythm.
The 'ka' particle comes from Old Indo-Aryan genitive markers.
Conversation Starters
Yeh kis ki kitab hai?
Tumhara ghar kahan hai?
Unka kaam kaisa hai?
Yeh faisla kiska hai?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Yeh Ali ___ ghar hai.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ali ki ghar.
Yeh mera dost hai.
A: Yeh kis ki gari hai? B: Yeh ___ gari hai.
hai / kitab / meri / yeh
Sort: ghar, kitab, dost
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesYeh Ali ___ ghar hai.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ali ki ghar.
Yeh mera dost hai.
A: Yeh kis ki gari hai? B: Yeh ___ gari hai.
hai / kitab / meri / yeh
Sort: ghar, kitab, dost
Match: Main, Tum, Woh
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
It changes when the noun is followed by another postposition or is masculine plural.
Yes, it is the standard genitive marker.
Most nouns ending in 'a' are masculine, and those ending in 'i' are feminine, but there are exceptions.
Yes, like 'khushi ka izhaar' (expression of happiness).
The particle still agrees with the object, not the owner.
In very formal Urdu, you might see 'e' (izafat) instead of 'ka'.
Matching the particle to the owner instead of the object.
Label items in your house and describe them aloud.
In Other Languages
de
Urdu particles agree with the object; Spanish 'de' does not.
de
Urdu is a postposition; French is a preposition.
Genitive case
Urdu uses a separate particle; German modifies the noun.
no
Japanese 'no' does not change for gender.
Idafa
Urdu uses an explicit particle; Arabic uses word order.
de
Chinese 'de' is invariant.
