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Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Кой' (Who), 'Какво' (What), and 'Къде' (Where) at the start of your sentence to ask for information.

  • Use 'Кой' for people: 'Кой е той?' (Who is he?)
  • Use 'Какво' for things: 'Какво е това?' (What is this?)
  • Use 'Къде' for places: 'Къде е ресторантът?' (Where is the restaurant?)
Question Word + Verb + Subject/Object?

Gender and Number Agreement for 'Кой'

Gender Singular Plural
Masculine
Кой
Кои
Feminine
Коя
Кои
Neuter
Кое
Кои

Meanings

These words are used to request specific information about people, objects, or locations.

1

Person identification

Asking about the identity of a person.

“Кой е този човек?”

“Кой говори?”

2

Object identification

Asking about the identity of an object or action.

“Какво е това?”

“Какво правиш?”

3

Location identification

Asking about the position or destination of someone or something.

“Къде е ключът?”

“Къде отиваш?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде)
Form Structure Example
Person
Кой + Verb
Кой е той?
Thing
Какво + Verb
Какво е това?
Place
Къде + Verb
Къде е тя?
Plural Person
Кои + Verb
Кои са те?
Feminine
Коя + Verb
Коя е тя?
Neuter
Кое + Verb
Кое е твоето?

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
Кой е този господин?

Кой е този господин? (Meeting someone)

Neutral
Кой е той?

Кой е той? (Meeting someone)

Informell
Кой е тоя?

Кой е тоя? (Meeting someone)

Umgangssprache
Кой е тоя пич?

Кой е тоя пич? (Meeting someone)

Question Word Map

Questions

People

  • Кой Who

Things

  • Какво What

Places

  • Къде Where

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Кой е той?

Who is he?

2

Какво е това?

What is this?

3

Къде е кафето?

Where is the coffee?

4

Коя е тя?

Who is she?

1

Какво правиш днес?

What are you doing today?

2

Къде отиваш сега?

Where are you going now?

3

Кои са тези хора?

Who are these people?

4

Кое е твоето място?

Which is your seat?

1

Не знам кой е той.

I don't know who he is.

2

Кажи ми какво искаш.

Tell me what you want.

3

Къде се намира офисът?

Where is the office located?

4

Коя книга четеш?

Which book are you reading?

1

Чудя се кой би могъл да знае.

I wonder who could know.

2

Какво би направил в тази ситуация?

What would you do in this situation?

3

Където и да отидеш, ще те намеря.

Wherever you go, I will find you.

4

Кои са причините за това?

What are the reasons for this?

1

Кой ли би се осмелил да го каже?

Who would dare to say it?

2

Какво ли не опитахме!

What didn't we try!

3

Къде ли се е скрил?

Where could he have hidden?

4

Кое ли е по-важно?

Which one is more important?

1

Който и да е, не го пускай.

Whoever it is, don't let him in.

2

Каквото и да стане, ще бъда там.

Whatever happens, I will be there.

3

Където и да е, нека бъде щастлив.

Wherever he is, let him be happy.

4

Които и да са те, не ги познавам.

Whoever they are, I don't know them.

Leicht verwechselbar

Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде) vs. Кой vs Който

Learners mix up the interrogative 'Кой' with the relative 'Който'.

Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде) vs. Какво vs Как

Learners mix up 'What' (Какво) and 'How' (Как).

Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде) vs. Къде vs Накъде

Learners mix up 'Where' (Къде) and 'Where to' (Накъде).

Häufige Fehler

Кой е това?

Какво е това?

Use 'Какво' for objects, not 'Кой'.

Какво е той?

Кой е той?

Use 'Кой' for people.

Къде е той?

Къде е той?

This is correct, but learners often forget the verb.

Кой е тя?

Коя е тя?

Gender agreement error.

Кои е той?

Кой е той?

Number agreement error.

Какво отиваш?

Къде отиваш?

Wrong question word for location.

Къде правиш?

Какво правиш?

Wrong question word for action.

Не знам кой е.

Не знам кой е.

Actually correct, but learners often add extra words.

Който отива там...

Който отива там...

Correct, but learners confuse 'Кой' with 'Който'.

Какво е това нещо?

Какво е това?

Redundancy.

Кой ли е това?

Кой ли е това?

Stylistic mismatch.

Къде ли не ходих!

Къде ли не ходих!

Correct, but learners struggle with the particle 'ли'.

Каквото и да е, не ми пука.

Каквото и да е, не ми пука.

Correct, but learners struggle with 'каквото'.

Satzmuster

___ е това?

___ правиш днес?

___ е твоят приятел?

___ си бил вчера?

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Къде си?

Travel very common

Къде е гарата?

Food Delivery common

Какво има в салатата?

Job Interview common

Кой е вашият опит?

Social Media constant

Какво правиш?

Shopping common

Колко струва това?

💡

Keep it simple

Don't overthink the word order. Just put the question word first.
⚠️

Gender matters

Always check the gender of the person you are asking about when using 'Кой'.
🎯

Listen to locals

Listen to how Bulgarians shorten these words in casual speech.
💬

Be direct

Bulgarians appreciate direct questions. Don't be afraid to ask.

Smart Tips

Always check the gender of the person.

Кой е тя? Коя е тя?

Use 'Къде' at the very beginning.

Ресторантът къде е? Къде е ресторантът?

Use 'Какво' for anything that isn't a person.

Кой е това? Какво е това?

Keep the sentence short.

Къде точно се намира този ресторант? Къде е ресторантът?

Aussprache

KOY, KAK-vo, KU-de

Stress

The stress is usually on the first syllable for these words.

Rising

Къде е той? ↑

Standard question intonation.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

K-K-K: Kой (Who), Kакво (What), Kъде (Where).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person (Who) holding a box (What) standing on a map (Where).

Rhyme

Кой е той, какво е това, къде е мястото на света?

Story

Ivan is looking for his friend. He asks 'Кой е тук?'. He sees a bag and asks 'Какво е това?'. Finally, he asks 'Къде е моят приятел?' and finds him.

Word Web

КойКояКоеКоиКаквоКъде

Herausforderung

Ask 3 questions to a friend using these words in the next 5 minutes.

Kulturelle Hinweise

Bulgarians are direct. Using these questions is perfectly polite.

These words are of Proto-Slavic origin.

Gesprächseinstiege

Кой е твоят любим актьор?

Какво правиш в свободното си време?

Къде би искал да пътуваш?

Кой е най-важният човек в живота ти?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Write about your day using 'Какво'.
Describe your favorite place using 'Къде'.
Interview a friend using 'Кой', 'Какво', 'Къде'.
Reflect on a life choice using 'Кой' and 'Какво'.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig


Incorrect

Richtig

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ е това?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Какво
We are asking about an object.
Choose the correct word. Multiple Choice

___ е твоят приятел?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кой
We are asking about a person.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Какво е той?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кой е той?
Use 'Кой' for people.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде е ресторантът?
Question word first.
Translate to Bulgarian. Übersetzung

Where is the hotel?

Answer starts with: Къд...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде е хотелът?
Correct word order.
Match the question word to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
These are the standard meanings.
Choose the correct gender. Multiple Choice

___ е тя?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Коя
She is feminine.
Fill in the blank.

___ отиваш?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде
Asking about a destination.

Score: /8

Ubungsaufgaben

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ е това?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Какво
We are asking about an object.
Choose the correct word. Multiple Choice

___ е твоят приятел?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кой
We are asking about a person.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Какво е той?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кой е той?
Use 'Кой' for people.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

е / Къде / ресторантът / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде е ресторантът?
Question word first.
Translate to Bulgarian. Übersetzung

Where is the hotel?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде е хотелът?
Correct word order.
Match the question word to its meaning. Match Pairs

Кой - Who, Какво - What, Къде - Where

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
These are the standard meanings.
Choose the correct gender. Multiple Choice

___ е тя?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Коя
She is feminine.
Fill in the blank.

___ отиваш?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Къде
Asking about a destination.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

Usually yes, but in casual speech, you can drop it.

Yes, it is the direct equivalent.

No, that would be rude or incorrect.

Always at the start of the sentence.

No, it is invariable.

Use 'Кои'.

They are neutral and used in all registers.

Use the masculine 'Кой' as a default.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Quién, Qué, Dónde

Spanish 'Qué' does not change for gender.

French moderate

Qui, Quoi, Où

French requires more auxiliary structures.

German high

Wer, Was, Wo

German has more complex case declensions.

Japanese low

Dare, Nani, Doko

Japanese uses sentence-final particles.

Arabic moderate

Man, Ma, Ayna

Arabic uses different roots for interrogatives.

Chinese low

Shéi, Shénme, Nǎlǐ

Chinese does not move the question word to the front.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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