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گوش دادن

A1 verb #700 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

گوش دادن

gush dadan Top 700

At the A1 level, 'گوش دادن' is one of the first compound verbs you will learn. It is essential for basic classroom interaction and talking about hobbies. At this stage, you should focus on the present tense 'گوش می‌دهم' (I listen) and the imperative 'گوش بده' (Listen!). You will mostly use it with simple objects like 'musiqi' (music), 'rādiyo' (radio), or 'mo'allem' (teacher). The key is to remember the preposition 'be'. For an A1 learner, the goal is to be able to say 'I listen to music' or 'Listen to me!' correctly. You don't need to worry about complex tenses yet; just focus on the 'noun + verb' structure and the 'be' connection. Understanding that 'gush' means ear and 'dādan' means to give will help you memorize the meaning. It is a 'doing' word that shows you are paying attention.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'گوش دادن' in the past tense ('گوش دادم') and the future tense ('گوش خواهم داد'). You also start to use it in more varied contexts, such as listening to the news ('akhbār') or listening to a friend's problems. You should be comfortable with the negative forms like 'گوش نمی‌دهم' (I don't listen) and 'گوش ندادم' (I didn't listen). At this stage, you might also encounter the colloquial version 'گوش کردن' and should understand that they are very similar. You should be able to form short sentences like 'Yesterday, I listened to a Persian song' (Diruz be yek āhang-e fārsi gush dādam). You are also expected to distinguish between 'shenidan' (hearing a sound) and 'gush dādan' (listening to a person).

By the B1 level, you should be able to use 'گوش دادن' in more complex grammatical structures, such as the subjunctive ('می‌خواهم گوش بدهم' - I want to listen) and the past continuous ('داشتم گوش می‌دادم' - I was listening). You will use the verb to discuss more abstract concepts, like listening to advice ('nasihat') or listening to one's heart ('be harf-e del gush dādan'). You should also be aware of the noun form 'گوش‌دهنده' (listener). At this level, you can handle longer sentences and explain why you are listening to something, perhaps using conjunctions like 'chon' (because) or 'vaqti ke' (when). Your pronunciation should also start to reflect the natural contractions found in spoken Persian, like 'gush midam' instead of the formal 'gush mi-deham'.

At the B2 level, you use 'گوش دادن' with a high degree of fluency and can understand it in various registers. You might encounter the more literary 'گوش فرا دادن' in books or formal speeches. You can use the verb to express nuances, such as 'active listening' or 'critical listening'. You are comfortable using it in conditional sentences, such as 'If you had listened to me, this wouldn't have happened' (Agar be man gush dāde budi, in ettefāq ne-mi-oftād). You also start to understand the cultural implications of the verb, such as its connection to obedience and respect in Iranian society. You can participate in discussions about music or podcasts, using the verb to describe your preferences and habits in detail.

At the C1 level, your use of 'گوش دادن' and its synonyms is sophisticated. You can distinguish between 'estemā' kardan' (formal listening), 'gush dādan' (standard), and 'niushidan' (poetic). You can use the verb in academic or professional settings to describe research methodologies (like listening to interviews) or in literary analysis to discuss the 'voice' of a narrator. You understand the historical etymology of the verb and how it has evolved. You can also use related idioms and proverbs fluently. Your listening skills themselves are at a point where you can 'gush dādan' to fast-paced, native-level Persian content, including news, movies, and complex debates, and then use the verb to summarize what you've heard with precision.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'گوش دادن'. You can appreciate the subtle differences in meaning when a poet uses 'niushidan' instead of 'gush dādan'. You can use the verb in highly formal legal or diplomatic contexts where 'estemā'' might be more appropriate. You are also familiar with very rare or archaic forms and can use the verb metaphorically in complex philosophical discussions. You can analyze how the concept of 'listening' is treated in Persian mysticism (Sufism), where 'samā'' (spiritual listening) is a key concept. Your ability to use 'گوش دادن' is not just about grammar but about a deep cultural and linguistic resonance that allows you to communicate with the same depth as a highly educated native speaker.

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گوش دادن in 30 Sekunden

A compound verb meaning 'to listen' (literally 'to give ear').
Requires the preposition 'be' (to) for its object.
Used for active attention, unlike the passive 'shenidan' (to hear).
Essential for daily conversation, hobbies, and following instructions.

The Persian verb گوش دادن (gush dādan) is a fundamental compound verb that translates literally to 'giving ear.' In the Persian linguistic landscape, this expression carries a weight of intentionality that distinguishes it from the mere physiological act of hearing. While 'hearing' (شنیدن) can be accidental or passive, gush dādan implies a conscious decision to focus one's auditory attention on a specific source, whether it be music, a lecture, or a friend's confidence. This verb is constructed from the noun 'gush' (ear) and the auxiliary verb 'dādan' (to give), reflecting a beautiful metaphorical concept: to listen is to offer one's sensory apparatus to another.

Literal Meaning: To give ear; providing the organ of hearing to a sound source.
Functional Usage: Used for active listening, obeying advice, or attending to audio media.

من هر شب به رادیو گوش می‌دهم.

Translation: I listen to the radio every night.

In social contexts, using this verb often signals respect. When a younger person 'listens' to an elder, it isn't just about processing sound; it is about 'gush dādan' to their wisdom—accepting and internalizing the guidance provided. It is also the standard term used in educational settings, where a teacher might command students to 'gush dehid' (listen up/pay attention). The verb is versatile, spanning from the casual act of listening to a pop song to the profound act of listening to one's conscience or the divine in a mystical context.

Furthermore, the cultural nuance of 'gush dādan' extends to the concept of obedience. In Persian, if a child 'doesn't listen' (گوش نمی‌دهد), it frequently means they are being disobedient rather than having hearing difficulties. This overlap between attention and obedience is a common feature in many Indo-European languages but is particularly emphasized in the hierarchical and respect-oriented structures of Iranian society. Whether you are at a concert in Tehran or in a classroom in Shiraz, mastering this verb is essential for expressing your engagement with the world around you.

Using گوش دادن correctly requires an understanding of compound verb conjugation in Persian. The verb consists of a fixed noun part, 'gush', and a changing verbal part, 'dādan'. To conjugate it in the present continuous tense, you take the present stem of 'dādan', which is 'deh', add the prefix 'mi-', and then the appropriate personal ending. For example, 'I am listening' becomes 'gush mi-deham'. In the past tense, you use the past stem 'dād', resulting in 'gush dādam' for 'I listened'.

Present Tense (Habitual/Continuous): می‌گوشم (Incorrect) vs. گوش می‌دهم (Correct)
Imperative Form: گوش بده! (Gush bede!) - Listen! (Singular/Informal)

لطفاً به حرف‌های من گوش بدهید.

Translation: Please listen to my words (formal/plural).

One of the most critical aspects for English speakers is the prepositional requirement. In English, we 'listen to' something. In Persian, the preposition is به (be). Without this preposition, the sentence becomes ungrammatical. For instance, 'I listen to music' is 'Man be musiqi gush mi-deham'. If you omit 'be', the meaning is lost. This 'be' functions as the bridge between the action of giving ear and the target of that attention.

When using the verb in the negative, the 'na-' prefix attaches to the verbal part: 'gush na-dādam' (I didn't listen). In the future tense, the auxiliary 'khāhad' is placed before the short infinitive of the verbal part: 'gush khāham dād' (I will listen). Mastery of these patterns allows for complex communication, such as 'I should have listened to you' (bāyad be to gush mi-dādam), which utilizes the past imperfective to express regret or advice that wasn't followed.

The word گوش دادن is ubiquitous in Iranian daily life, echoing through various social spheres. In a domestic setting, it is the primary verb used by parents when addressing children. 'Gush kon!' (Listen!) is a common refrain in Iranian households, often followed by instructions or moral lessons. It is also the standard verb used when discussing hobbies. If you ask someone about their interests, they might respond with 'Musiqi gush dādan' (Listening to music), which is a very common pastime in Iran, given the country's rich musical heritage spanning from classical Persian Radif to modern Iranian pop and rock.

In Media: Radio announcers often say: 'Be barnāme-ye mā gush dahid' (Listen to our program).
In Education: Teachers use it to command attention: 'Be dars gush konid' (Listen to the lesson).

آیا به پادکست‌های فارسی گوش می‌دهی؟

Translation: Do you listen to Persian podcasts?

In the digital age, you will encounter this verb on every audio-related app or website. Buttons on Spotify-like Iranian platforms (such as Shenoto or Beeptunes) will use 'gush dādan' or the related noun 'pakhsh' (play). Furthermore, in professional environments, 'gush dādan-e fa'āl' (active listening) is a term frequently used in management and psychology seminars in Iran, highlighting the globalized nature of soft-skills terminology within the Persian language.

Finally, in the realm of Persian literature and poetry, while more archaic terms like 'niushidan' might appear, 'gush dādan' remains the standard for modern prose and conversation. Whether it is a character in a movie by Asghar Farhadi intensely listening to a recorded confession, or a news anchor on IRIB asking the audience to listen to a special report, the verb serves as the primary gateway to the auditory experience in the Persian-speaking world.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most frequent error when using گوش دادن is the confusion with the verb shenidan (to hear). In English, the distinction between 'hear' and 'listen' is clear but sometimes blurred in casual speech. In Persian, using 'shenidan' when you mean 'gush dādan' can make you sound passive. For example, saying 'Man dāram be dars mishnavam' (I am hearing the lesson) implies the sound is just hitting your ears, whereas 'Man dāram be dars gush midam' (I am listening to the lesson) implies you are actually trying to learn.

Preposition Omission: Incorrect: من موسیقی گوش می‌دهم. Correct: من به موسیقی گوش می‌دهم.
Verb Part Confusion: Incorrect: گوش کردن (While 'gush kardan' is also used, 'gush dādan' is more standard for attentive listening).

اشتباه: من شنیدم به رادیو. درست: من به رادیو گوش دادم.

Explanation: Use 'gush dādan' for intentional listening, not 'shenidan'.

Another common mistake involves the conjugation of the auxiliary verb 'dādan'. Beginners often forget that 'dādan' is an irregular verb in the present tense. The present stem is 'deh', not 'dād'. Therefore, 'I listen' is 'gush mi-deham', not 'gush mi-dādam' (which would mean 'I was listening' or 'I used to listen'). Mixing up these stems can lead to significant tense confusion, making it difficult for native speakers to understand the timeline of your actions.

Lastly, word order in compound verbs can be tricky. While the noun 'gush' and the verb 'dādan' usually stay together, in certain poetic or highly formal contexts, they might be separated, or other words might intervene. However, for A1-B2 learners, it is best to keep them adjacent. A common error is placing the object between 'gush' and 'dādan', which is incorrect. The object must come before the entire compound verb, usually preceded by the preposition 'be'.

While گوش دادن is the most common way to say 'to listen,' Persian offers several alternatives depending on the register and the specific nuance desired. The most frequent synonym in colloquial speech is gush kardan. While technically interchangeable in many contexts, 'gush dādan' is often perceived as slightly more formal or emphasizing the 'giving' of attention, whereas 'gush kardan' is more about the 'doing' of the listening act.

شنیدن (Shenidan): To hear. Passive perception of sound. 'I heard a noise' (sedāyi shenidam).
استماع کردن (Estemā' kardan): To listen (Formal/Arabic root). Used in legal or academic contexts, like 'listening to a witness'.
نیوشیدن (Niushidan): To listen/drink in sounds (Archaic/Poetic). Found in classical poetry like Rumi or Hafez.

او به دقت به سخنان پیرمرد گوش فرا داد.

Note: 'Gush farā dādan' is a more literary version of 'gush dādan'.

Another sophisticated alternative is gush farā dādan. The addition of 'farā' (beyond/forth) elevates the verb to a more literary or emphatic level, suggesting a deep, focused, and perhaps even spiritual listening. In contrast, if you want to describe someone who is eavesdropping, you would use the term fāl-gush istādan (literally: standing to catch an omen by ear), which carries a more secretive or negative connotation than the neutral 'gush dādan'.

In modern slang, you might hear 'gushidan' (a made-up verb turning the noun 'gush' into a simple verb), though this is very rare and mostly humorous. Understanding these variations helps a learner navigate different social settings—from the casual 'gush kon' with friends to the formal 'estemā' in a courtroom or the poetic 'niushidan' in a literature class. Each word opens a different door into the Persian auditory world.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

"جناب عالی، لطفاً به عرایض بنده گوش فرا دهید."

Neutral

"من هر روز به اخبار گوش می‌دهم."

Informell

"ببین، داری به من گوش می‌دی یا نه؟"

Child friendly

"عزیزم، به حرف بابا گوش بده."

Umgangssprache

"گوش کن ببین چی می‌گم، این یارو گوش‌بره!"

Wusstest du?

The Persian word for 'seashell' is 'gush-māhi', which literally means 'fish ear'. Ancient Persians thought shells looked like the ears of fish!

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ɡuːʃ dɑːdæn/

US /ɡuʃ dɑdæn/

The stress in 'gush dādan' typically falls on the last syllable of the verbal part: dā-DÁN.

Reimt sich auf

یاد دادن (yād dādan) پس دادن (pas dādan) رخ دادن (rokh dādan) نشان دادن (neshān dādan) تکان دادن (takān dādan) فریب دادن (farib dādan) امان دادن (amān dādan) آزار دادن (āzār dādan)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'gush' like 'gush' in English (rhyming with 'rush'). It should be 'goosh'.
Shortening the long 'ā' in 'dādan' to a short 'a'.
Putting the stress on 'gush' instead of the end of the verb.
Merging the two words into one sound without a slight break.
Mispronouncing the 'd' as a th-sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 1/5

Very easy to recognize the two parts 'gush' and 'dādan'.

Schreiben 2/5

Requires remembering the 'be' and the irregular present stem 'deh'.

Sprechen 2/5

Easy to say, but must master the 'mi-' prefix and endings.

Hören 1/5

Commonly used and usually clear in speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

گوش (Ear) دادن (To give) به (To) من (I) موسیقی (Music)

Als Nächstes lernen

شنیدن (To hear) حرف زدن (To talk) نگاه کردن (To look) خواندن (To read) نوشتن (To write)

Fortgeschritten

استماع (Listening - Arabic root) نیوشیدن (To listen - poetic) گوش فرا دادن (To listen intently) گوش سپردن (To entrust one's ear)

Wichtige Grammatik

Compound Verb Conjugation

گوش + می + ده + م = گوش می‌دهم

Preposition 'be' with certain verbs

به چیزی گوش دادن

Subjunctive Mood with 'bāyad'

باید گوش بدهی

Negative prefix 'na-' in compound verbs

گوش ندادم

Future tense with 'khāhad'

گوش خواهد داد

Beispiele nach Niveau

من به موسیقی گوش می‌دهم.

I listen to music.

Present tense, 'be' preposition used.

به من گوش بده!

Listen to me!

Imperative singular form.

او به رادیو گوش می‌دهد.

He/She listens to the radio.

Third person singular present.

ما به معلم گوش می‌دهیم.

We listen to the teacher.

First person plural present.

آیا به آهنگ گوش می‌دهی؟

Do you listen to the song?

Question form, second person singular.

آنها به داستان گوش می‌دهند.

They listen to the story.

Third person plural present.

لطفاً گوش بدهید.

Please listen.

Formal imperative/plural.

من به حرف تو گوش می‌دهم.

I listen to your word/what you say.

Using 'harf' (word) as the object.

دیروز به اخبار گوش دادم.

Yesterday I listened to the news.

Simple past tense.

او به نصیحت پدرش گوش نداد.

He didn't listen to his father's advice.

Negative past tense.

آیا به این پادکست گوش داده‌ای؟

Have you listened to this podcast?

Present perfect tense.

ما فردا به سخنرانی گوش خواهیم داد.

We will listen to the speech tomorrow.

Future tense.

بچه‌ها داشتند به موسیقی گوش می‌دادند.

The children were listening to music.

Past continuous tense.

من همیشه به حرف‌های مادرم گوش می‌دهم.

I always listen to my mother's words.

Present habitual.

او هیچ‌وقت به من گوش نمی‌دهد.

He never listens to me.

Negative present tense.

باید به این آهنگ گوش بدهی، خیلی زیباست.

You should listen to this song, it's very beautiful.

Modal 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

می‌خواهم به کتاب صوتی گوش بدهم.

I want to listen to an audiobook.

Subjunctive mood after 'want'.

وقتی داشتم به رادیو گوش می‌دادم، تلفن زنگ زد.

While I was listening to the radio, the phone rang.

Past continuous with 'vaqti ke'.

او به جای درس خواندن، به موسیقی گوش می‌دهد.

Instead of studying, he listens to music.

Using 'be jā-ye' (instead of).

اگر به من گوش می‌دادی، این مشکل پیش نمی‌آمد.

If you had listened to me, this problem wouldn't have happened.

Conditional sentence type 2.

او به دقت به تمام جزئیات گوش داد.

He listened carefully to all the details.

Adverbial phrase 'be deqqat'.

گوش دادن به طبیعت به من آرامش می‌دهد.

Listening to nature gives me peace.

Gerund usage as a subject.

او ترجیح می‌دهد به جای تلویزیون، به پادکست گوش دهد.

He prefers to listen to podcasts instead of TV.

Verb 'tarjih dādan' + subjunctive.

آیا تا به حال به صدای دریا گوش داده‌ای؟

Have you ever listened to the sound of the sea?

Present perfect with 'tā be hāl'.

او همیشه به صدای قلبش گوش می‌دهد.

He always listens to the voice of his heart.

Metaphorical usage.

باید یاد بگیریم که به نظرات مخالف هم گوش بدهیم.

We must learn to listen to opposing views as well.

Infinitive + subjunctive.

او در حالی که به موسیقی گوش می‌داد، نقاشی می‌کرد.

While he was listening to music, he was painting.

Simultaneous actions.

گوش دادن فعال یکی از مهارت‌های مهم ارتباطی است.

Active listening is one of the important communication skills.

Compound noun phrase.

او به سخنان فیلسوف با اشتیاق گوش فرا داد.

He listened to the philosopher's words with enthusiasm.

Literary 'gush farā dādan'.

نمی‌توانم همزمان هم بنویسم و هم به تو گوش بدهم.

I can't write and listen to you at the same time.

Negative 'tavānestan' + multiple subjunctives.

او به حرف هیچ‌کس گوش نمی‌دهد و کار خودش را می‌کند.

He doesn't listen to anyone and does his own thing.

Idiomatic usage for stubbornness.

به صدای وجدانت گوش بده قبل از اینکه تصمیم بگیری.

Listen to the voice of your conscience before you decide.

Abstract object 'vojdān'.

منتقد به دقت به اجرای پیانو گوش داد تا ایرادات را بیابد.

The critic listened carefully to the piano performance to find flaws.

Purpose clause with 'tā'.

در این تحقیق، ما به تجربیات مهاجران گوش خواهیم داد.

In this research, we will listen to the experiences of immigrants.

Academic context.

او به اشعار حافظ با تمام وجود گوش می‌سپارد.

He gives his whole soul to listening to Hafez's poems.

Using 'gush sepordan' (to entrust one's ear).

هنر گوش دادن در دنیای پر سر و صدای امروز رو به فراموشی است.

The art of listening is being forgotten in today's noisy world.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

او ساعت‌ها به نوارهای قدیمی پدرش گوش می‌داد و گریه می‌کرد.

He used to listen to his father's old tapes for hours and cry.

Past habitual for repeated actions.

قاضی موظف است به اظهارات هر دو طرف دعوا گوش دهد.

The judge is obliged to listen to the statements of both parties.

Formal/Legal context.

او به نجوای باد در میان درختان گوش می‌داد.

He was listening to the whisper of the wind among the trees.

Poetic/Descriptive usage.

بسیاری از مردم فقط گوش می‌دهند تا پاسخ دهند، نه اینکه درک کنند.

Many people only listen to respond, not to understand.

Contrastive subjunctives.

عارف در سکوت شب به ندای حق گوش جان می‌سپارد.

The mystic in the silence of the night listens with his soul to the divine call.

Highly mystical/literary register.

او چنان در موسیقی غرق شده بود که گویی به نغمه‌های آسمانی گوش می‌دهد.

He was so immersed in the music as if he were listening to celestial melodies.

Complex comparative structure.

استماع دقیق شواهد، کلید اصلی درک این پرونده پیچیده است.

Careful listening to the evidence is the key to understanding this complex case.

Using the formal noun 'estemā''.

او به سکوت میان کلماتش گوش می‌داد تا معنای واقعی را بیابد.

He listened to the silence between her words to find the true meaning.

Philosophical/Psychological nuance.

نیوشیدن کلام بزرگان، جان را صفا می‌بخشد.

Listening to the words of the great ones purifies the soul.

Using the archaic verb 'niushidan'.

او به زمزمه‌های تاریخ در ویرانه‌های تخت جمشید گوش فرا می‌داد.

He listened to the whispers of history in the ruins of Persepolis.

Metaphorical/Historical context.

در روان‌کاوی، گوش دادن به ناخودآگاه بیمار از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

In psychoanalysis, listening to the patient's unconscious is of high importance.

Specialized scientific register.

او به طنین صدای خود در تالار خالی گوش می‌داد و به تنهایی‌اش فکر می‌کرد.

He listened to the resonance of his own voice in the empty hall and thought of his loneliness.

Existential/Narrative usage.

Häufige Kollokationen

به موسیقی گوش دادن

به حرف کسی گوش دادن

به اخبار گوش دادن

به دقت گوش دادن

به نصیحت گوش دادن

به رادیو گوش دادن

به صدای طبیعت گوش دادن

به پادکست گوش دادن

به فرمان گوش دادن

به وجدان گوش دادن

Häufige Phrasen

گوش بده!

گوشت با منه؟

به حرفم گوش کن.

گوش به زنگ بودن

یک گوش در و یک گوش دروازه

گوش خواباندن

گوش تیز کردن

گوش کردن ندارد

به گوش رسیدن

گوش سپردن به موسیقی

Wird oft verwechselt mit

گوش دادن vs شنیدن

Shenidan is passive (hearing), Gush dādan is active (listening).

گوش دادن vs نگاه کردن

Negāh kardan is for the eyes (looking), Gush dādan is for the ears.

گوش دادن vs فهمیدن

Fahmidan is understanding, which is often the result of gush dādan, but not the same action.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"گوش کسی را کشیدن"

To punish or reprimand someone (literally: to pull someone's ear).

باید گوشش را بکشم تا دیگر این کار را نکند.

Informal

"گوش‌بری کردن"

To overcharge or swindle someone (literally: ear-cutting).

این فروشنده دارد گوش‌بری می‌کند.

Slang

"گوش تا گوش"

From ear to ear (usually regarding a smile or a cut).

لبخندش گوش تا گوش بود.

Neutral

"گوش پر بودن"

To have heard something many times before; to be tired of hearing it.

گوشم از این حرف‌ها پر است.

Informal

"گوش به فرمان"

Ready to obey; at someone's beck and call.

او همیشه گوش به فرمان رئیس است.

Neutral

"پنبه در گوش کردن"

To refuse to listen; to ignore advice (literally: to put cotton in ears).

پنبه را از گوشت در بیاور و به من گوش بده.

Informal

"گوش شیطان کر"

Knock on wood (literally: may the devil's ear be deaf).

گوش شیطان کر، همه چیز خوب پیش می‌رود.

Cultural/Idiomatic

"گوشت را باز کن"

Listen carefully; pay attention (literally: open your ear).

گوشت را باز کن و ببین چه می‌گویم.

Informal

"حرف تو گوش کسی نرفتن"

Someone being stubborn and not listening to reason.

حرف تو گوشش نمی‌رود.

Informal

"گوش‌ماهی"

Seashell (literally: fish-ear).

بچه‌ها در ساحل گوش‌ماهی جمع می‌کردند.

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

گوش دادن vs شنیدن

Both involve the ears.

Shenidan is involuntary; Gush dādan is a choice.

صدای باران را شنیدم اما به رادیو گوش دادم.

گوش دادن vs گوش کردن

They mean the same thing.

Gush dādan is slightly more standard/formal; Gush kardan is more colloquial.

لطفاً گوش بده (Formal) vs گوش کن (Informal).

گوش دادن vs استماع

It also means listening.

Estemā' is an Arabic-rooted noun used in formal/legal contexts.

جلسه استماع دادگاه (Court hearing session).

گوش دادن vs نیوشیدن

It's a synonym for listening.

It is archaic and only used in poetry or very old texts.

پند پیران را نیوش (Listen to the advice of the elders - Poetic).

گوش دادن vs توجه کردن

Listening involves attention.

Tavajoh kardan is 'to pay attention' in general (visual or mental), not just auditory.

به تابلو توجه کن (Look at the sign) vs به من گوش بده (Listen to me).

Satzmuster

من به [Noun] گوش می‌دهم.

من به موسیقی گوش می‌دهم.

او به [Noun] گوش داد.

او به اخبار گوش داد.

می‌خواهم به [Noun] گوش بدهم.

می‌خواهم به رادیو گوش بدهم.

اگر به [Noun] گوش می‌دادی، ...

اگر به من گوش می‌دادی، گم نمی‌شدیم.

با گوش دادن به [Noun]، می‌توان ...

با گوش دادن به پادکست، می‌توان زبان یاد گرفت.

او به [Noun] گوش جان می‌سپارد.

او به صدای نی گوش جان می‌سپارد.

داشتن + گوش دادن (Continuous)

داشتم به موسیقی گوش می‌دادم.

نباید به [Noun] گوش داد.

نباید به حرف‌های او گوش داد.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely high; used multiple times daily in almost all contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Man musiqi gush midam. → Man be musiqi gush midam.
Missing the required preposition 'be'.
Man dāram mishnavam be mo'allem. → Man dāram be mo'allem gush midam.
Using 'shenidan' (to hear) instead of 'gush dādan' (to listen).
Gush dādam rādiyo. → Be rādiyo gush dādam.
Incorrect word order and missing preposition.
Man mi-gusham. → Man gush mi-deham.
Trying to conjugate the noun 'gush' instead of the auxiliary verb 'dādan'.
Gush dād-am be to. → Be to gush dādam.
While 'Gush dādam be to' is sometimes heard in very casual speech, the standard order is 'Be to gush dādam'.

Tipps

The Gift of Hearing

Remember that 'dādan' means 'to give'. You are 'giving' your ear to someone as a gift of your attention. This helps you remember the compound structure.

The 'Be' Bridge

Always imagine a bridge labeled 'be' between you and the music or person you are listening to. You cannot reach the sound without crossing the 'be' bridge.

Spoken Contraction

To sound more like a native, practice saying 'gush midam' instead of 'gush mi-deham'. The 'eh' sound is often dropped in fast speech.

Active vs Passive

Keep a mental note: 'Shenidan' is like a bird flying by (passive), 'Gush dādan' is like watching the bird with binoculars (active).

Respect the Elders

When an elder is speaking, 'gush dādan' is not just an action, it's a sign of 'adab' (respect). Showing you are listening is very important in Iranian social etiquette.

Compound Verb Logic

In Persian, many verbs are compound. Once you learn how to conjugate 'dādan' in 'gush dādan', you also know how to conjugate 'yād dādan' (to teach) and 'neshān dādan' (to show)!

Podcast Power

Listening to Persian podcasts is the best way to practice 'gush dādan'. Even if you don't understand everything, your brain is getting used to the rhythm.

Ear Pulling

If someone says they will 'pull your ear' (gush-at rā mikesham), don't take it literally! It just means they are going to give you a stern talking-to.

Avoid 'Gush kardan' in Formal Writing

While common in speech, stick to 'gush dādan' or 'gush farā dādan' in essays or formal letters to sound more professional.

Daily Routine

Every time you put on headphones, say to yourself: 'Man dāram be musiqi gush midam'. Constant repetition in context is key.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Gush' as 'Goosh' (like the sound of wind in your ear) and 'Dādan' as 'Dada' (giving a gift to your dada). You are giving the gift of your ear to someone.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine yourself physically taking your ear off and handing it (giving it) to a speaker so they can put their words inside it.

Word Web

Ear Give Music Radio Attention Advice Sound Teacher

Herausforderung

Try to spend 5 minutes today 'gush dādan' to a Persian song and write down three words you recognize.

Wortherkunft

The word 'gush' comes from Middle Persian 'gōsh' and Old Persian 'gausha-', which are cognate with Sanskrit 'ghoṣa' and Avestan 'gaoša'. The verb 'dādan' comes from Middle Persian 'dādan' and Old Persian 'dadātu', from the Proto-Indo-European root '*deh-' (to give).

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The combination literally means 'to give the ear', a metaphor that has remained stable for millennia in Indo-Iranian languages.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when telling an elder 'Gush kon!' (Listen!). It can sound rude. Use 'Gush dahid' or 'Be harfam tavajoh konid' to be more polite.

English speakers often confuse 'hear' and 'listen'. In Persian, the distinction is strictly maintained by using two different verbs: 'shenidan' vs 'gush dādan'.

The opening of Rumi's Masnavi: 'Beshnav in ney...' (Listen to this reed...), though it uses 'beshnav' (imperative of hear), the context is deep listening. Modern Persian pop songs often start with 'Gush bede' (Listen up). Iranian radio stations always start with 'Be rādiyo-ye... gush midahid'.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Listening to Music

به آهنگ گوش دادن
لذت بردن از موسیقی
هدفون گذاشتن
صدای بلند

In the Classroom

به معلم گوش دادن
یادداشت برداشتن
سوال پرسیدن
سکوت کردن

Following Advice

به نصیحت گوش دادن
تجربه کسب کردن
اشتباه نکردن
حرف بزرگترها

Listening to News

به اخبار گوش دادن
رادیو را روشن کردن
اطلاع یافتن
گزارش خبری

Social Interaction

به حرف دوست گوش دادن
همدلی کردن
درک کردن
گوش شنوا داشتن

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا معمولاً در راه به پادکست گوش می‌دهی؟ (Do you usually listen to podcasts on the way?)"

"به چه نوع موسیقی‌ای بیشتر گوش می‌دهی؟ (What kind of music do you listen to most?)"

"آخرین باری که به یک سخنرانی جالب گوش دادی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you listened to an interesting speech?)"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهی به کتاب صوتی گوش بدهی یا کتاب بخوانی؟ (Do you prefer listening to audiobooks or reading books?)"

"چرا بعضی‌ها به حرف دیگران گوش نمی‌دهند؟ (Why do some people not listen to others?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

امروز به چه صداهایی در طبیعت گوش دادی؟ توصیف کن. (What sounds in nature did you listen to today? Describe them.)

درباره زمانی بنویس که به نصیحت کسی گوش دادی و نتیجه خوبی داشت. (Write about a time you listened to someone's advice and it had a good result.)

چرا گوش دادن فعال در دوستی‌ها مهم است؟ (Why is active listening important in friendships?)

اگر می‌توانستی به صدای هر کسی در تاریخ گوش بدهی، چه کسی را انتخاب می‌کردی؟ (If you could listen to anyone's voice in history, who would you choose?)

احساست را هنگام گوش دادن به موسیقی مورد علاقه‌ات توصیف کن. (Describe your feeling when listening to your favorite music.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

In modern Persian, they are almost identical in meaning. 'Gush dādan' (to give ear) is slightly more formal and common in written Persian, while 'gush kardan' (to do ear) is very common in spoken, everyday conversation. You can use either, but 'gush dādan' is safer for learners.

Yes, 'gush dādan' is an intransitive verb that requires the preposition 'be' to connect to its object. For example, 'Be musiqi gush midam' is correct. Without 'be', the sentence is incomplete and sounds wrong to native speakers.

You say 'Be man gush bede' (informal) or 'Be man gush bedahid' (formal/plural). Note the use of 'be' before 'man'.

Yes, very often. If a parent says 'Bache-ye man gush ne-midahad', it usually means 'My child is not obedient' or 'My child doesn't follow my instructions', rather than a hearing problem.

The present stem of the verbal part 'dādan' is 'deh'. So, the present tense is formed as 'gush mi-deham', 'gush mi-dehi', etc. In spoken Persian, this often contracts to 'midam', 'midi'.

No, for TV you use 'tamāshā kardan' (to watch) or 'didān' (to see). However, you can say 'be rādiyo gush dādan' or 'be sedā-ye televiziyon gush dādan' if you are only focusing on the sound.

In modern Persian, no. It is almost always the compound 'gush dādan'. The archaic 'niushidan' is a single word, but it is not used in conversation.

You use the past imperfect: 'gush mi-dādam'. If you want to emphasize it was happening right then, use the continuous: 'dāshtam gush mi-dādam'.

It literally means 'ear of the soul'. It is a poetic way to describe listening very deeply, with one's whole being, often used in the context of spiritual music or profound poetry.

While 'gush dādan' is understood, the formal Arabic-rooted term 'estemā'' is preferred in legal documents and court proceedings, such as 'estemā'-e shahādat' (hearing of testimony).