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A1 noun #1,600 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

قانون

ghanoon Top 1,600

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At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'قانون' (Qānūn) means 'law' or 'rule'. Think of it as the basic rules you follow every day. For example, 'The law says stop at a red light.' You will see this word on signs or hear it when people talk about what is allowed and what is not. It is a simple noun. You don't need to worry about complex legal terms yet. Just remember that 'قانون' is something everyone must follow. You can use it in simple sentences like 'این قانون است' (This is the law) or 'قانون خوب است' (The law is good). Focus on the pronunciation: Gha-noon. The 'Gha' is a deep sound from the throat, and 'noon' is like the English word for midday. This word is very common and very important for basic safety and social understanding in any Persian-speaking country.

At the A2 level, you start to use 'قانون' in more descriptive ways. You can talk about 'قوانین مدرسه' (school rules) or 'قوانین بازی' (rules of the game). You should learn the plural form 'قوانین' (Qavānin) and notice how the sound changes. You can also start using simple verbs with it, like 'رعایت کردن' (to observe/follow). For example, 'من قوانین را رعایت می‌کنم' (I follow the rules). You might also encounter the adjective 'قانونی' (legal) and its opposite 'غیرقانونی' (illegal). At this stage, you are moving from just knowing the word to using it to describe your environment and your actions. You can understand simple signs in a park or a library that list the 'قوانین'.

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At the B1 level, you can discuss the importance of laws in society. You should be able to use phrases like 'طبق قانون' (according to the law) and 'بر اساس قانون' (based on the law). You can talk about 'قانون اساسی' (the constitution) and understand its role as the most important law of a country. You will start to hear 'قانون' in news reports about new regulations or changes in the government. You should also be familiar with the word 'مقررات' (regulations) and how it is often paired with 'قانون'. For example, 'قوانین و مقررات راهنمایی و رانندگی' (traffic laws and regulations). You can express opinions about whether a law is fair or unfair using words like 'عادلانه' (fair) or 'ظالمانه' (unjust).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the nuances of 'قانون' in professional and academic contexts. You should know verbs like 'تصویب کردن' (to pass/approve a law), 'وضع کردن' (to enact), and 'نقض کردن' (to violate). You can participate in debates about 'حاکمیت قانون' (the rule of law) and the 'تفکیک قوا' (separation of powers). You should be able to read newspaper articles about legal reforms and understand the implications. You will also encounter 'قانون' in scientific contexts, such as 'قوانین نیوتن' (Newton's laws) or 'قوانین ترمودینامیک'. Your vocabulary should include compound words like 'قانون‌گذار' (legislator) and 'قانون‌مند' (law-abiding). You can explain the difference between a 'قانون' and an 'آیین‌نامه' (directive).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the legal and philosophical implications of 'قانون'. You can analyze legal texts, court rulings, and constitutional debates. You understand the historical evolution of the word from its Greek roots to its modern usage in Persian jurisprudence. You can use 'قانون' in idiomatic expressions and metaphors, such as 'قانون جنگل' (law of the jungle) or 'قانون نانوشته' (unwritten law). You are comfortable with the formal Arabic-style pluralization and can use the word in complex sentence structures. You can discuss the 'روح قانون' (spirit of the law) versus the 'حرف قانون' (letter of the law). Your writing should reflect a sophisticated grasp of how laws shape culture and identity in the Persian-speaking world.

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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native mastery of the word 'قانون' and its vast semantic field. You can engage in high-level legal discourse, critique legislative processes, and understand the subtle differences between 'قانون'، 'شرع'، and 'عرف' (Law, Sharia, and Custom). You can interpret classical Persian texts where 'قانون' might be used in a medical context (like Avicenna's 'The Canon of Medicine' - القانون في الطب) or a musical context. You can write academic papers or legal briefs using precise terminology. You understand the sociolinguistic weight of the word in different Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and how legal terminology might vary slightly. You are a master of the 'قانون' in every sense of the word.

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قانون in 30 Sekunden

قانون به معنای قاعده و دستورالعمل رسمی است.
این کلمه در زمینه‌های حقوقی، علمی و اجتماعی کاربرد دارد.
جمع آن 'قوانین' است و صفت آن 'قانونی' می‌باشد.
رعایت قانون برای حفظ نظم و عدالت در هر جامعه‌ای ضروری است.

The word قانون (Qānūn) is a fundamental pillar of Persian vocabulary, representing the concept of 'Law' or 'Rule'. At its core, it refers to a system of regulations established by an authority to govern behavior within a society. However, its application extends far beyond the courtroom. In a broader sense, it encompasses the laws of nature, the rules of a game, or the underlying principles of a scientific discipline. Understanding this word is essential for navigating social, professional, and academic environments in the Persian-speaking world.

Etymological Origin: The word is borrowed from Arabic, which in turn derived it from the Ancient Greek 'kanōn' (κανών), meaning a measuring rod or standard. This history highlights the word's inherent meaning of 'measurement' and 'standardization'.

همه باید به قانون احترام بگذارند. (Everyone must respect the law.)

In Persian, 'Ghanun' is not just a cold legal term; it is often used to describe the order of the universe. For instance, 'قانون طبیعت' (Law of Nature) describes the inevitable physical realities of our world. When you use this word, you are invoking a sense of structure and inevitability. It is a 'noun' that carries the weight of authority. Whether you are discussing traffic regulations (قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی) or the fundamental laws of physics (قوانین فیزیک), this word remains the constant anchor of the sentence.

Social Context: In Iranian culture, the concept of 'Ghanun-mandi' (law-abidingness) is a highly discussed civic virtue, often contrasted with 'Parti-bazi' (nepotism).

این قانون جدید از فردا اجرا می‌شود. (This new law will be implemented from tomorrow.)

Furthermore, the word has musical significance. A 'Qanun' is also a traditional string instrument played in the Middle East, though in modern daily conversation, the legal meaning is significantly more common. When a Persian speaker says 'طبق قانون' (According to the law), they are providing a justification that is meant to be final and indisputable. It is the ultimate 'standard' by which actions are judged.

Plural Form: The plural is 'قوانین' (Qavānin), following the Arabic broken plural pattern, though 'قانون‌ها' is also used in informal contexts.

Using 'قانون' correctly requires understanding its common collocations and the verbs that typically accompany it. In Persian, you don't just 'do' a law; you 'follow', 'break', 'write', or 'enforce' it. Each of these actions uses a specific verb that changes the nuance of the sentence. For a beginner, the most important phrase to learn is 'رعایت کردن قانون' (to observe/follow the law).

Action Verbs: Common verbs include: وضع کردن (to legislate), نقض کردن (to violate), اجرا کردن (to execute/enforce), and لغو کردن (to abolish).

او قانون را زیر پا گذاشت. (He trampled the law / He broke the law.)

When discussing the 'Rule of Law', we use the term 'حاکمیت قانون'. This is a high-level political and legal concept used in news and academic writing. In daily life, you might hear 'قانون جنگل' (Law of the jungle) to describe a chaotic situation where the strong dominate the weak. Notice how the word 'قانون' stays the same, but the surrounding words define the environment.

Formal vs. Informal: In formal writing, use 'قوانین' for plural. In casual speech, you might hear 'قانونا' (laws) but it's less common than the formal plural.

طبق قانون، سیگار کشیدن اینجا ممنوع است. (According to the law, smoking is forbidden here.)

Another important usage is in the phrase 'قانون اساسی' (Constitution). This is the 'fundamental law' of a country. If you are reading a Persian newspaper, you will see this term frequently. To say something is 'against the law', you use 'خلاف قانون' or 'غیرقانونی'. Mastering these combinations allows you to express complex ideas about rights, duties, and social order with just one core noun.

Compound Words: قانون‌گذار (Legislator), قانون‌مند (Law-abiding), قانون‌شکنی (Law-breaking).

The word 'قانون' is ubiquitous in Persian media, education, and daily administration. If you turn on the news (اخبار), you will hear it in almost every segment related to the government, parliament (مجلس), or international relations. It is the language of the state. However, its presence is equally strong in the classroom, where students learn the 'قوانین ریاضی' (laws of mathematics) or 'قوانین فیزیک' (laws of physics).

In the News: You will hear: 'نمایندگان مجلس قانون جدیدی تصویب کردند' (Members of parliament passed a new law).

رعایت قوانین راهنمایی الزامی است. (Observing traffic laws is mandatory.)

In a household, parents might use the word to establish boundaries: 'این قانونِ خانه‌ی ماست' (This is the rule of our house). Here, 'قانون' takes on a more personal, authoritative tone. In the workplace, you will encounter 'قانون کار' (Labor Law), which defines the rights and obligations of employees and employers. If you are dealing with any bureaucratic process in Iran or Tajikistan, such as getting a visa or registering a business, 'قانون' will be the word used to explain what you can and cannot do.

Academic Settings: Scientific principles are always 'قانون'. For example, 'قانون جاذبه' (Law of Gravity).

هیچ‌کس فراتر از قانون نیست. (No one is above the law.)

Finally, in historical contexts, you might hear about the 'قانون حمورابی' (Code of Hammurabi) or other ancient legal systems. The word bridges the gap between the ancient world and modern governance. Whether it's a digital 'Terms of Service' (which are essentially 'قوانین و مقررات') or a constitutional debate, 'قانون' is the essential vocabulary for anyone looking to understand the structure of Persian-speaking societies.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing 'قانون' (Law) with 'حقوق' (Rights/Law as a field of study). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. You 'study' حقوق (Hoghough) at university to become a lawyer, but you 'follow' the قانون (Ghanun). If you say 'I am studying Ghanun', it sounds like you are memorizing a specific set of rules rather than studying the discipline of law.

Ghanun vs. Hoghough: Use 'حقوق' for the profession or the academic field. Use 'قانون' for the specific regulations or the general concept of 'the law'.

اشتباه: من در دانشگاه قانون می‌خوانم. (Incorrect: I study 'law' at university - using the wrong word).

Another mistake is the pluralization. While 'قانون‌ها' is grammatically correct, it often sounds childish or overly simplified in professional contexts. The Arabic broken plural 'قوانین' (Qavānin) is much more common and preferred. Learners often struggle with the 'v' sound in the plural, which replaces the 'u' sound in the singular. Practice saying 'Gha-noon' vs 'Gha-va-neen' to get the rhythm right.

Preposition Errors: Always use 'طبقِ قانون' (According to the law) or 'بر اساسِ قانون'. Avoid using 'با قانون' (With the law) in this context.

درست: طبق قانون عمل کنید. (Correct: Act according to the law.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 'مقررات' (Moqarrarat). While often translated as 'regulations' and used alongside 'قانون', 'قانون' is the higher authority. A 'قانون' is passed by parliament, while 'مقررات' might be set by a small office or a school. Using 'قانون' for a minor office rule might sound too dramatic, while using 'مقررات' for the national constitution would be a major understatement.

To truly master 'قانون', you must understand the words that live in its neighborhood. Persian has several words for rules and regulations, each with a specific flavor. The most common synonym is 'مقررات' (Moqarrarat), which refers to specific regulations or bylaws. While 'قانون' is the broad law, 'مقررات' are the fine details of how that law is applied in specific situations.

قانون vs. مقررات: Ghanun is the 'Act' or 'Statute'. Moqarrarat are the 'Regulations' or 'Procedures'.

ما باید قوانین و مقررات را بشناسیم. (We must know the laws and regulations.)

Another related word is 'ضابطه' (Zabeteh), plural 'ضوابط' (Zavabet). This refers to criteria, standards, or norms. It is often used in technical or administrative contexts. For example, 'ضوابط ساخت و ساز' (Construction standards). While 'قانون' tells you what is legal, 'ضوابط' tells you the technical requirements to meet that legality. Then there is 'آیین‌نامه' (Ayin-nameh), which translates to 'directive' or 'bylaw', usually issued by an executive body to explain how a law should be implemented.

قانون vs. قاعده: 'قاعده' (Gha'edeh) means 'rule' or 'principle', often used in grammar (قواعد زبان) or logic.

این یک قاعده کلی است، نه یک قانون رسمی. (This is a general rule, not a formal law.)

Understanding these nuances helps you sound more like a native speaker. If you are talking about the rules of a board game, use 'قوانین بازی'. If you are talking about the grammar of a language, use 'قواعد'. If you are talking about the requirements for a job, use 'شرایط' or 'ضوابط'. By choosing the right word, you show a deep understanding of the structure of Persian thought.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe construction with nouns

Arabic broken plurals

Subjunctive mood with 'bayad'

Passive voice with 'shodan'

Compound verbs with 'kardan'

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این یک قانون است.

This is a law.

Simple 'Subject + Verb' structure.

قانون را بخوان.

Read the law.

Imperative verb form.

او قانون را دوست ندارد.

He doesn't like the law.

Negative present tense.

قانون کجاست؟

Where is the law?

Interrogative sentence.

این قانونِ من است.

This is my law/rule.

Possessive Ezafe construction.

قانونِ خوب.

Good law.

Noun-Adjective Ezafe.

ما قانون داریم.

We have a law.

Present tense 'to have'.

قانون مهم است.

The law is important.

Simple predicate adjective.

قوانین مدرسه سخت هستند.

School laws (rules) are hard.

Plural noun with plural verb.

من قوانین بازی را می‌دانم.

I know the rules of the game.

Direct object with 'ra'.

باید قوانین را رعایت کنیم.

We must observe the rules.

Modal verb 'must' + subjunctive.

این کار قانونی نیست.

This action is not legal.

Adjective 'ghanooni' with negation.

او قوانین رانندگی را یاد گرفت.

He learned the driving laws.

Past tense verb.

کتابِ قوانین را بخر.

Buy the book of laws.

Compound noun with Ezafe.

همه قوانین را دنبال می‌کنند.

Everyone follows the laws.

Present continuous sense.

قانون جدید چیست؟

What is the new law?

Question with 'chist'.

طبق قانون، شما حق دارید وکیل داشته باشید.

According to the law, you have the right to have a lawyer.

Use of 'tebghe' (according to).

قانون اساسی هر کشور بسیار مهم است.

The constitution of every country is very important.

Compound term 'Ghanun-e Asasi'.

او به دلیل نقض قانون جریمه شد.

He was fined for violating the law.

Passive voice 'shod'.

دولت باید قوانین جدیدی وضع کند.

The government must enact new laws.

Compound verb 'vaz' kardan'.

این قوانین برای همه یکسان است.

These laws are the same for everyone.

Use of 'yeksan' (identical/equal).

آیا شما با این قانون موافق هستید؟

Do you agree with this law?

Question about agreement.

قانون از حقوق شهروندان حمایت می‌کند.

The law protects the rights of citizens.

Verb 'hemayat kardan' (to protect).

او همیشه یک شهروند قانون‌مند بوده است.

He has always been a law-abiding citizen.

Present perfect tense.

مجلس در حال بررسی لایحه قانون جدید است.

The parliament is reviewing the new law bill.

Progressive tense with 'dar hal-e'.

حاکمیت قانون اساس دموکراسی است.

The rule of law is the basis of democracy.

Abstract noun 'Hakemiyat'.

قوانین طبیعت تغییرناپذیر هستند.

The laws of nature are unchangeable.

Adjective 'taghyir-napazir'.

او به اتهام کلاهبرداری و نقض قوانین مالی دستگیر شد.

He was arrested on charges of fraud and violating financial laws.

Complex sentence with multiple nouns.

این آیین‌نامه با قانون اصلی تضاد دارد.

This directive contradicts the main law.

Verb 'tazad dashtan'.

قانون‌گذار باید به نیازهای جامعه توجه کند.

The legislator must pay attention to the needs of society.

Agent noun 'Ghanoon-gozar'.

اجرای دقیق قانون الزامی است.

Strict enforcement of the law is mandatory.

Noun 'Ejra' (enforcement).

او در مورد تاریخچه قوانین مدنی تحقیق می‌کند.

He is researching the history of civil laws.

Present continuous 'tahghigh mikonad'.

تفسیر قانون بر عهده قوه قضائیه است.

The interpretation of the law is the responsibility of the judiciary.

Formal structure 'bar ohdeh-ye'.

این اقدام آشکارا خلاف روح قانون است.

This action is clearly against the spirit of the law.

Adverb 'ashkara' (clearly).

قانون نباید ابزاری برای سرکوب باشد.

The law should not be a tool for oppression.

Subjunctive with 'nabayad'.

او در رساله خود به نقد قوانین کیفری پرداخت.

In his thesis, he critiqued the criminal laws.

Verb 'be ... pardakht' (engaged in).

عدالت فراتر از صرفِ اجرای قانون است.

Justice is beyond the mere enforcement of the law.

Use of 'sarf-e' (mere).

قوانین بین‌المللی باید توسط همه کشورها محترم شمرده شوند.

International laws must be respected by all countries.

Passive voice 'mohtaram shomordeh shavand'.

خلاء قانونی در این زمینه احساس می‌شود.

A legal vacuum is felt in this field.

Term 'khala-e ghanooni'.

او با استناد به قانون، از خود دفاع کرد.

Citing the law, he defended himself.

Gerund-like 'ba estenad be'.

دیالکتیک بین عرف و قانون در جوامع سنتی پیچیده است.

The dialectic between custom and law in traditional societies is complex.

High-level vocabulary 'dialektik'.

ابن سینا در کتاب 'قانون'، مبانی طب را تبیین کرده است.

Avicenna, in the book 'The Canon', explained the foundations of medicine.

Historical reference to 'The Canon'.

هرمنوتیک حقوقی به ما در درک بهتر قوانین کمک می‌کند.

Legal hermeneutics helps us in better understanding the laws.

Academic term 'hermenutik'.

قانون، تجلی اراده عمومی در یک نظام مردم‌سالار است.

Law is the manifestation of the general will in a democratic system.

Philosophical definition.

او به بررسی تطبیقی قوانین مدنی ایران و فرانسه پرداخت.

He engaged in a comparative study of the civil laws of Iran and France.

Term 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.

پویایی قانون مستلزم انطباق با تحولات زمانه است.

The dynamism of the law requires adaptation to the changes of the times.

Abstract noun 'pouyaei'.

عدم شفافیت در متون قانونی منجر به تفاسیر سلیقه‌ای می‌شود.

Lack of transparency in legal texts leads to arbitrary interpretations.

Compound 'adam-e shafafiyat'.

او در زمره بزرگترین نظریه‌پردازان فلسفه قانون است.

He is among the greatest theorists of the philosophy of law.

Phrase 'dar zomreh-ye' (among).

Häufige Kollokationen

وضع قانون

نقض قانون

اجرای قانون

رعایت قانون

قانون اساسی

طبق قانون

خلاف قانون

حاکمیت قانون

تفسیر قانون

اصلاح قانون

Häufige Phrasen

قانون جنگل

قانون نانوشته

قانون کار

قانون مدنی

قانون مجازات

در چارچوب قانون

برابر قانون

قانون جذب

قانون طبیعت

قانون کپی‌رایت

Wird oft verwechselt mit

قانون vs حقوق (Field of study)

قانون vs قاعده (General rule)

قانون vs مقررات (Specific regulations)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"قانون را دور زدن (To bypass the law)"

"قانون جنگل (Law of the jungle)"

"قانون نانوشته (Unwritten law)"

"زیر پا گذاشتن قانون (To trample/break the law)"

"قانون‌مند بودن (To be law-abiding)"

"حرف قانون (The letter of the law)"

"روح قانون (The spirit of the law)"

"قانون برای همه است (The law is for everyone)"

"از چنگ قانون فرار کردن (To escape the clutches of the law)"

"گردن نهادن به قانون (To submit to the law)"

Leicht verwechselbar

قانون vs

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

nuance

Ghanun is more formal than 'rule' (gha'edeh).

preposition

Usually used with 'طبق' or 'بر اساس'.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'Ghanun' instead of 'Hoghough' for the university major.
Pronouncing the plural as 'Ghanun-ha' in a very formal speech.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'Ghanun-e Asasi'.
Confusing 'Ghanun' (Law) with 'Ghanat' (Water channel).
Using 'ba ghanoon' instead of 'tebghe ghanoon' for 'according to'.

Tipps

Learn the Plural

Always learn 'Qavanin' alongside 'Ghanun' as it appears frequently in news.

Use with 'Ra'

When 'Ghanun' is the specific object, don't forget the 'ra' suffix.

Mashrouteh

Knowing the history of the Constitutional Revolution helps understand the word's weight.

Formal Tone

Using 'Ghanun' correctly can make your Persian sound more professional.

Compound Words

Master 'Ghanoon-gozar' (legislator) for political writing.

News Keywords

This is a top-10 keyword for understanding Persian news broadcasts.

The Canon

Associate it with 'Canon' to remember the meaning of 'standard'.

Ghanun vs Gha'edeh

Use Ghanun for official things, Gha'edeh for patterns or grammar.

Daily Rules

Try to describe your house rules using 'Ghanun' to practice.

Legal Vacuum

Learn 'Khala-e Ghanooni' to discuss complex social issues.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Arabic / Greek

Kultureller Kontext

His 'Canon of Medicine' used the word in a scientific sense.

The Constitutional Revolution was a fight for the rule of law.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا این قانون عادلانه است؟"

"قوانین رانندگی در کشور شما چگونه است؟"

"مهم‌ترین قانون در زندگی شما چیست؟"

"نظر شما درباره قانون جدید چیست؟"

"آیا قوانین مدرسه خیلی سخت بودند؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره قانونی که دوست دارید تغییر دهید بنویسید.

چرا جوامع به قانون نیاز دارند؟

یک خاطره در مورد رعایت کردن یا نکردن یک قانون بنویسید.

تفاوت قانون و اخلاق از نظر شما چیست؟

اگر شما قانون‌گذار بودید، چه قانونی وضع می‌کردید؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

The formal plural is 'Qavanin', but 'Ghanun-ha' is also used informally.

No, it is also used for scientific laws like 'Ghanun-e Jazebe' (Law of Gravity).

You can say 'gheyr-e ghanooni' or 'khallaf-e ghanoon'.

It means 'Constitution', the fundamental law of a nation.

Yes, 'Ghavanin-e bazi' is very common.

Ghanun is the rule itself; Hoghough is the study of law or rights.

The verb is 'tasvib kardan'.

It is a uvular stop, similar to the French 'r' but further back.

It means 'Law of the Jungle', referring to chaos or lack of justice.

Yes, it was borrowed from Arabic, but it originally came from Greek.

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