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A2 noun 9 Min. Lesezeit

خوراک

khorak
Beispiele خوراک in 30 Sekunden
Erklärung خوراک in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should know that 'khorāk' means 'food.' It is a basic word you can use to talk about things you eat. You might see it on a menu or in a simple sentence like 'This food is good.' It is very similar to the word 'ghazā,' but 'khorāk' is often used for a specific dish, like a chicken dish or a vegetable dish. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just remember that if you want to say 'food,' 'khorāk' is a great word to use. You can say 'khorāk-e khoshmazzeh' for 'delicious food.' It's also helpful for identifying sections in a grocery store. Even at this early stage, knowing 'khorāk' helps you understand that Persian has different words for different types of meals. It's a foundational noun that will appear in almost every lesson about daily life and eating. Practice saying it with a long 'ā' sound, like the 'a' in 'father.'
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At the A2 level, you begin to see the difference between 'khorāk' and other words like 'ghazā.' You should understand that 'khorāk' often refers to a dish served with bread instead of rice. This is a very important cultural and culinary distinction in Iran. You will also start using 'khorāk' in compound words, like 'khorāk-e morgh' (chicken dish) or 'khorāk-e mofid' (healthy food). You can use it to describe your daily diet or to ask what is in a specific meal. At this level, you should be able to use 'khorāk' as a subject or an object in a sentence. For example, 'Khorāk-e in resturān khūb ast' (The food of this restaurant is good). You are also learning that 'khorāk' can be used for animal feed, which is a common topic in basic biology or rural contexts. It is a countable noun, so you can talk about 'khorāk-hā-ye mokhtalef' (different dishes).
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'khorāk' in more abstract and metaphorical ways. You will encounter phrases like 'khorāk-e fekri' (food for thought) or 'khorāk-e rūh' (food for the soul). You should understand how the word is used in news reports or articles about health and nutrition. For instance, you might read about 'amniyat-e khorāk' (food security) or 'barnāmeh-ye khorāk' (dietary plan). At this stage, your vocabulary is expanding to include synonyms, and you should know when to choose 'khorāk' over 'ghazā' to sound more precise or formal. You can describe the nutritional content of food using this word, such as 'khorāk-e por-protein' (high-protein food). You are also becoming aware of the word's role in literature, where it might represent anything that sustains or fuels a process. Your sentences should now include more complex structures, like 'In khorāk ke mādar-am dorost kardeh, az mavād-e tāzeh tashkil shodeh ast' (This dish that my mother has made is formed from fresh ingredients).
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At the B2 level, you have a deep understanding of the register and nuance of 'khorāk.' You can discuss the socioeconomic implications of 'khorāk-e dām' (livestock feed) on the price of meat. You understand how 'khorāk' is used in technical and scientific contexts, such as 'khorāk-e dāru' (medicine intake/dosage in some contexts) or 'khorāk-e sūkht' (fuel intake for an engine). You can analyze the use of the word in Persian poetry or classical prose, where it often carries a weight of 'destiny' or 'daily sustenance provided by God.' You are able to debate topics like 'khorāk-e dānesh-āmūzān' (students' nutrition) and its impact on learning. Your use of the word is no longer just about 'eating'; it's about the entire system of nourishment and supply. You can also use the slang meaning of 'khorāk-e [shakhs]' to describe something perfectly suited for someone in a complex conversation.
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At the C1 level, you use 'khorāk' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of its etymological roots in Middle Persian and how it has survived through centuries of linguistic change. You can use it in academic writing to discuss 'farhang-e khorāk' (food culture) and its evolution. You understand the subtle irony when a critic says a scandal is 'khorāk-e matbū'āt' (fodder for the press). You can distinguish between 'khorāk' and its more obscure synonyms like 'ma'ūlat' or 'to'meh' in classical texts. Your mastery allows you to use the word in legal or policy documents regarding 'estāndārd-hā-ye khorāk' (food standards). You can appreciate the wordplay in modern Persian literature where 'khorāk' might be used to describe both physical hunger and existential longing. At this level, the word is a tool for expressing complex ideas about biology, society, and philosophy.
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At the C2 level, you possess an exhaustive understanding of 'khorāk' in all its forms. You can discuss its phonological development from the Old Iranian root 'khwar-'. You are capable of interpreting the most dense philosophical texts where 'khorāk' is used as a metaphor for the ontological necessity of external input for any system's survival. You can navigate the most specialized professional environments, from food science laboratories to high-level diplomatic summits on global food systems, using 'khorāk' and its derivatives with absolute accuracy. You understand the regional variations of the word across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can write poetry or high-level prose that utilizes the word's various connotations to create layers of meaning. For you, 'khorāk' is not just a word for food; it is a linguistic vessel containing thousands of years of human experience, from the simplest meal to the most complex scientific theory.
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Beispiele

خوراک in 30 Sekunden

  • Khorāk is the Persian word for 'food' or 'dish,' often implying a meal served with bread.
  • It comes from the verb 'khordan' (to eat) and is used for both humans and animals.
  • Commonly used in compound names like 'Khorāk-e Morgh' (chicken dish) or 'Khorāk-e Lobia' (bean dish).
  • It also carries metaphorical meanings like 'food for thought' (khorāk-e fekri).

The Persian word خوراک (pronounced 'khorāk') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily translating to 'food,' 'meal,' or 'dish.' Derived from the verb khordan (to eat), it carries a rich historical and linguistic weight that extends beyond simple sustenance. While the word ghazā (of Arabic origin) is perhaps the most common general term for food in modern conversational Persian, خوراک often implies a prepared dish, a specific type of nourishment, or even 'feed' for animals, depending on the context. In a culinary setting, if you see خوراک on a menu, it typically refers to a meal that is served without rice (unlike chelow or polo dishes), often consisting of meat and vegetables cooked together in a sauce or gravy.

General Usage
Refers to food as a biological necessity or a general category of items consumed for energy.
Culinary Usage
Refers to a specific type of Iranian dish, usually a stew or a sautéed mix of ingredients served with bread rather than rice.
Agricultural Usage
Used to describe 'fodder' or 'feed' for livestock, such as khorāk-e dām.

مادرم یک خوراک مرغ خوشمزه درست کرد. (My mother made a delicious chicken dish.)

این کتاب خوراک فکری خوبی برای من بود. (This book was good food for thought for me.)

ما باید برای زمستان خوراک ذخیره کنیم. (We must store food for the winter.)

قیمت خوراک دام افزایش یافته است. (The price of livestock feed has increased.)

این فیلم خوراک منتقدان است. (This movie is 'food' for the critics - meaning they will love to analyze/dissect it.)

Furthermore, the word appears in several specialized fields. In biology, it refers to the intake of nutrients. In philosophy and literature, it is used metaphorically as khorāk-e rūh (food for the soul) or khorāk-e fekr (food for thought). Understanding the distinction between the physical act of eating and the noun representing the substance is key. The suffix '-āk' in Persian often creates a noun from a verb root (khordan -> khorāk), similar to how 'push' becomes 'push-age' or 'eat' becomes 'eat-ables' in older English structures. This word is essential for A2 learners because it allows for more specific descriptions of meals than the generic 'ghazā'.

Using خوراک correctly involves understanding its grammatical role and its common pairings. As a noun, it functions as the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. It is frequently seen in the 'Ezafe' construction (the linking '-e' sound) to specify what kind of food is being discussed. For instance, khorāk-e sib-zamini means 'potato dish.' Unlike English, where 'food' is often uncountable, in Persian, خوراک can be pluralized as khorāk-hā to refer to different types of dishes or meals. In everyday conversation, you will hear it used to describe healthy eating habits (khorāk-e sālem) or the daily diet of a person or animal.

Subject Position
خوراک این منطقه بسیار تند است. (The food of this region is very spicy.)
Object Position
او خوراک خود را با دیگران تقسیم کرد. (He shared his food with others.)
Prepositional Phrase
درباره خوراک‌های سنتی ایران تحقیق کنید. (Research about traditional Iranian dishes.)

این بچه خوراک کمی می‌خورد. (This child eats little food.)

ما برای سفر خوراک آماده کردیم. (We prepared food for the trip.)

بهترین خوراک برای ورزشکاران چیست؟ (What is the best food for athletes?)

این رستوران خوراک گیاهی ندارد. (This restaurant does not have vegetarian dishes.)

او عاشق خوراک لوبیا است. (He loves the bean dish/stew.)

When constructing sentences, remember that خوراک is more specific than ghazā. If you are describing a recipe or a specific menu item that is a stew-like preparation without rice, خوراک is the mandatory term. For example, 'Khorāk-e Zabān' (Tongue dish) is a classic Iranian restaurant item. Additionally, in scientific or medical contexts, خوراک is used to describe the diet or nutritional intake of a patient. In literature, it can represent the 'fuel' for a fire or the 'material' for a process. Mastering its use allows you to navigate Iranian restaurants and grocery stores with much higher precision.

In the real world, you will encounter خوراک in various settings ranging from the domestic kitchen to high-end restaurants and even in intellectual debates. In an Iranian home, a mother might say, 'Emshab khorāk-e morgh dārim' (Tonight we have chicken dish), implying a meal served with bread. In a restaurant, the 'Khorāk' section of the menu is where you find kebabs or stews served without the heap of rice that usually accompanies Persian meals. This is a crucial distinction for travelers or food enthusiasts. Beyond the plate, the word is ubiquitous in news reports concerning food security (amniyat-e khorāk) or the cost of living. In the digital age, 'khorāk' is also used for 'feeds' or 'content' in technical contexts, much like an RSS feed or a content stream for social media.

At the Restaurant
Looking for 'Khorāk-e Koobideh' if you want the meat without the rice.
In Agriculture
Farmers discussing 'khorāk-e dām' (animal feed) and its nutritional value.
In Literature/Media
Journalists talking about 'khorāk-e khabari' (news fodder/material).

آیا این خوراک با نان سرو می‌شود؟ (Is this dish served with bread?)

این مجله خوراک خوبی برای ذهن است. (This magazine is good food for the mind.)

حیوانات به خوراک تازه نیاز دارند. (Animals need fresh feed.)

من خوراک لوبیا را به پلو ترجیح می‌دهم. (I prefer the bean dish over rice dishes.)

او همیشه به دنبال خوراک برای شایعه‌سازی است. (He is always looking for 'food' for rumors.)

You will also hear this word in the context of health and fitness. A 'khorāk-e kam-kālory' is a low-calorie meal. In schools, teachers might talk about 'khorāk-e s سالم' (healthy snacks/food) for students. Because it is a native Persian word (unlike 'ghazā' which is Arabic), it is often preferred in formal writing, literature, and official government communications regarding food supplies. It sounds slightly more grounded and descriptive than its synonyms. Whether you are ordering a 'Khorāk-e Morgh' at a roadside stop or reading a philosophical treatise on 'nourishment of the soul,' this word will be your constant companion.

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is using خوراک interchangeably with ghazā in every situation. While they both mean 'food,' ghazā is the generic term for a 'meal' (like lunch or dinner), while خوراک refers more to the 'substance' or a specific 'dish.' For example, you wouldn't usually say 'I went to a restaurant to eat a khorāk' unless you were specifying a dish without rice. Another mistake is confusing خوراک with khordani. Khordani means 'edible' or 'something to eat' (like a snack), whereas خوراک is a more formal or specific noun for a prepared meal or nutrient source. Additionally, learners often forget that خوراک is used for animal feed, whereas ghazā is strictly for human consumption.

Mistake 1: Animal vs. Human
Using 'ghazā' for cows (wrong). Correct: 'khorāk-e dām'.
Mistake 2: Rice vs. Bread
Ordering 'khorāk' and expecting a big plate of rice. 'Khorāk' usually implies bread or no side.
Mistake 3: Pronunciation
Confusing it with 'khūrak' (snack/bite). 'Khorāk' has a long 'ā' sound.

Incorrect: من برای سگم غذا خریدم. (While common, 'khorāk' is technically more accurate for animal feed bags.)

Incorrect: این خوراک خیلی خوشمزه است (when referring to a whole table of food). Use 'ghazā' for the general spread.

Correct: خوراک اصلی این رستوران ماهی است. (The main dish of this restaurant is fish.)

Incorrect: خوراک خوردن (to eat food). Correct: 'Ghazā khordan' is the standard verb phrase.

Correct: خوراک مغز (brain food). Using 'ghazā' here would sound very literal and odd.

Finally, be careful with the pluralization. While ghazā-hā is very common, khorāk-hā often refers to different 'types' of prepared dishes. If you are at a buffet, you are looking at many ghazā-hā, but if you are looking at a list of stew recipes, you are looking at khorāk-hā. Also, avoid using 'khorāk' for 'breakfast' (sobhāneh), 'lunch' (nāhār), or 'dinner' (shām) directly. You can say 'in khorāk barāye nāhār ast' (this dish is for lunch), but you cannot replace the word 'lunch' with 'khorāk'. Paying attention to these subtle distinctions will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

Persian has a vast vocabulary for food, reflecting its ancient and diverse culinary history. Understanding where خوراک fits among its synonyms is vital for nuanced communication. The most direct alternative is ghazā, which is the general word for food or a meal. Then there is ta'ām, a more formal and somewhat archaic word often found in literature or religious texts. For 'provisions' or 'rations,' the word azūqeh is used. If you are talking about 'sustenance' or 'daily bread,' you might use qūt. Each of these words carries a different register and emotional weight. خوراک remains the most versatile for describing specific prepared dishes and biological nourishment.

Ghazā (غذا)
General meal or food. Most common in daily life. (Arabic origin)
Khordani (خوردنی)
Something edible, or snacks. Usually plural 'khordani-hā'.
Azūqeh (آذوقه)
Provisions, supplies, or rations stored for long-term use.

Comparison: غذا is the meal you eat; خوراک is what the meal consists of.

Comparison: آذوقه is for a winter bunker; خوراک is for tonight's dinner plate.

Comparison: خوردنی is a snack like nuts; خوراک is a cooked chicken stew.

Comparison: طعام is 'fine dining' or 'sacred food'; خوراک is everyday nourishment.

Comparison: خورش (Khoresht) must be served with rice; خوراک is served with bread.

In summary, while ghazā is your safe 'go-to' word for any meal, using خوراک shows a higher level of Persian proficiency. It demonstrates that you understand the difference between a general meal and a specific culinary preparation. It also allows you to discuss more complex topics like nutrition, agriculture, and metaphors. By comparing خوراک with khoresht, ghazā, and azūqeh, you build a multi-dimensional understanding of how Iranians perceive and categorize the act of nourishment. This linguistic precision is what separates a beginner from an intermediate speaker.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

این خوراک خوشمزه است.

This food is delicious.

Simple subject-adjective sentence.

2

من خوراک مرغ دوست دارم.

I like chicken food/dish.

Direct object usage.

3

خوراک کجاست؟

Where is the food?

Interrogative sentence.

4

او خوراک می‌خورد.

He/she eats food.

Present continuous sense.

5

این خوراک گرم است.

This food is hot.

Adjective agreement.

6

مادر خوراک درست می‌کند.

Mother makes food.

Compound verb 'dorost kardan'.

7

خوراک سیب‌زمینی ارزان است.

Potato food is cheap.

Ezafe construction.

8

ما خوراک داریم.

We have food.

Verb 'dāshtan'.

1

خوراک لوبیا با نان سرو می‌شود.

The bean dish is served with bread.

Passive voice 'sarv mishavad'.

2

آیا شما خوراک گیاهی دارید؟

Do you have vegetarian food?

Adjective 'giyāhi'.

3

این خوراک برای سلامتی مفید است.

This food is useful for health.

Prepositional phrase 'barāye'.

4

او به گربه خوراک می‌دهد.

He gives food to the cat.

Indirect object.

5

خوراک‌های سنتی ایران متنوع هستند.

Traditional Iranian dishes are diverse.

Plural noun 'khorāk-hā'.

6

من برای سفر خوراک آماده کردم.

I prepared food for the trip.

Past tense 'āmādeh kardam'.

7

قیمت خوراک در این رستوران بالا است.

The price of food in this restaurant is high.

Genitive construction.

8

بچه‌ها باید خوراک سالم بخورند.

Children must eat healthy food.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

1

مطالعه کتاب، خوراک فکری خوبی است.

Reading books is good food for thought.

Metaphorical usage.

2

دولت باید امنیت خوراک را تأمین کند.

The government must ensure food security.

Abstract noun phrase.

3

خوراک دام بخش مهمی از کشاورزی است.

Livestock feed is an important part of agriculture.

Technical terminology.

4

این برنامه تلویزیونی خوراک منتقدان شد.

This TV show became fodder for the critics.

Idiomatic usage.

5

او به دلیل بیماری، خوراک خاصی دارد.

Due to illness, he has a specific diet.

Causal phrase 'be dalil-e'.

6

خوراک‌های این منطقه بسیار تند و پرادویه هستند.

The dishes of this region are very hot and spicy.

Compound adjectives.

7

ما باید در مصرف خوراک صرفه‌جویی کنیم.

We must save in food consumption.

Compound verb 'sarfeh-jūyi kardan'.

8

خوراک اصلی مردم این روستا گندم است.

The main food of the people of this village is wheat.

Adjective 'asli'.

1

تغییرات اقلیمی بر تولید خوراک تأثیر می‌گذارد.

Climate change affects food production.

Complex subject-verb relationship.

2

او همیشه به دنبال خوراک برای ذهن کنجکاو خود است.

He is always looking for food for his curious mind.

Poetic/Abstract usage.

3

کمبود خوراک دام باعث افزایش قیمت گوشت شد.

The shortage of livestock feed caused the increase in meat prices.

Resultative sentence.

4

این مقاله خوراک علمی مناسبی برای دانشجویان است.

This article is suitable scientific 'food' for students.

Academic metaphor.

5

خوراک‌های فرآوری شده برای بدن مضر هستند.

Processed foods are harmful to the body.

Past participle as adjective 'far-āvari shodeh'.

6

رعایت بهداشت در تهیه خوراک الزامی است.

Observing hygiene in food preparation is mandatory.

Formal vocabulary 'elzāmi'.

7

او خوراک خود را با دقت انتخاب می‌کند.

He chooses his food with care.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

8

این موضوع خوراک خوبی برای بحث‌های سیاسی فراهم کرد.

This topic provided good material (food) for political debates.

Functional metaphor.

1

تجلی فرهنگ در خوراک‌های محلی کاملاً مشهود است.

The manifestation of culture in local dishes is completely evident.

High-level abstract nouns.

2

زنجیره تأمین خوراک در سطح جهانی با چالش روبروست.

The food supply chain is facing challenges at a global level.

Professional terminology.

3

این کتاب خوراک جان و مایه آرامش است.

This book is food for the soul and the source of peace.

Literary/Sufi style.

4

سیاست‌های کلان در حوزه خوراک باید بازنگری شوند.

Macro policies in the food sector must be revised.

Passive modal construction.

5

او به خوراک به عنوان یک پدیده هنری می‌نگرد.

He looks at food as an artistic phenomenon.

Simile/Perspective.

6

خوراک فکری جامعه از طریق رسانه‌ها تأمین می‌شود.

The intellectual nourishment of society is provided through the media.

Sociological context.

7

تحلیل ساختار خوراک در متون کهن دشوار است.

Analyzing the structure of 'khorāk' in ancient texts is difficult.

Linguistic analysis.

8

تنوع زیستی برای پایداری خوراک ضروری است.

Biodiversity is essential for food sustainability.

Environmental science context.

1

دیالکتیک میان جسم و خوراک در فلسفه صدرایی مطرح است.

The dialectic between the body and nourishment is raised in Sadraean philosophy.

Highly academic/philosophical.

2

بحران‌های ژئوپلیتیک امنیت خوراک ملل را به مخاطره می‌اندازد.

Geopolitical crises jeopardize the food security of nations.

Political science register.

3

خوراک در این منظومه شعری استعاره‌ای از معرفت است.

In this poetic cycle, 'khorāk' is a metaphor for gnosis/knowledge.

Literary criticism.

4

بهینه‌سازی جیره خوراک در دامپروری صنعتی یک ضرورت است.

Optimizing the feed ration in industrial animal husbandry is a necessity.

Technical/Industrial register.

5

او با وسواس عجیبی به کیفیت خوراک خود اهمیت می‌دهد.

He gives importance to the quality of his food with a strange obsession.

Nuanced character description.

6

خوراک فکری مسموم می‌تواند جامعه را به انحراف بکشاند.

Poisonous intellectual food can lead society astray.

Metaphorical social critique.

7

در متون پهلوی، خوراک با واژه 'خواراک' هم‌ریشه است.

In Pahlavi texts, 'khorāk' is cognate with the word 'khwarāk'.

Philological note.

8

توازن میان خوراک و سوخت‌وساز بدن برای طول عمر حیاتی است.

The balance between food intake and metabolism is vital for longevity.

Medical/Biological precision.

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