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B1 noun 8 Min. Lesezeit

lupaus

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Erklärung lupaus in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'lupaus' as a simple noun meaning 'a promise'. It is helpful to connect it to the verb 'luvata' (to promise). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Just remember that 'minä lupaan' means 'I promise'. You might see this word in very simple stories or when someone is talking about what they will do in the future. For example, 'Uudenvuodenlupaus' (New Year's promise) is a word you might hear in January. Try to remember the phrase 'Se on lupaus' (That's a promise) as a fixed expression. It is a good word to know for basic social interaction where you want to show that you are serious about doing something for a friend. Focus on the nominative form 'lupaus' and the idea of giving something to someone. Even at the beginning of your Finnish journey, knowing how to say 'promise' helps build trust with the people you are talking to.

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As an A2 learner, you can start using 'lupaus' in more complete sentences. You should learn the basic declension: 'lupaus' (the promise), 'lupauksen' (of the promise), and 'lupausta' (partitive, used after numbers or in negative sentences). You will likely use it with the verb 'antaa' (to give) or 'tehdä' (to make). For example, 'Hän antoi minulle lupauksen' (He gave me a promise). You can also start recognizing compound words like 'vaalilupaus' (election promise) in the news. At this level, it's important to distinguish 'lupaus' from 'lupa' (permission). Remember: 'lupaus' is what you say you will do, 'lupa' is what someone allows you to do. You can use 'lupaus' to talk about your plans more firmly. If you tell a friend 'Tulen huomenna, se on lupaus', you are using the word correctly to emphasize your intention. Practice using the partitive plural 'lupauksia' when talking about many promises, like 'Lapset tekevät paljon lupauksia'.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'lupaus' with its correct grammatical cases and common idiomatic pairings. You should be comfortable with the stem change from 'lupaus' to 'lupaukse-'. You should know that 'pitää lupaus' means to keep a promise and 'rikkoa lupaus' means to break one. You can use the word in more abstract contexts, such as discussing the 'lupaus paremmasta' (promise of something better). At this level, you can also understand the difference between 'lupaus' and 'sitoumus' (commitment), choosing the latter for more formal or professional situations. You might hear 'lupaus' in more complex media reports, such as discussions about 'ilmastolupaus' (climate promise). Your ability to use possessive suffixes, like 'lupaukseni' (my promise) or 'lupauksesi' (your promise), should be developing. You can also start using the word in subordinate clauses, for example: 'Tämä on se lupaus, jonka annoit minulle viime vuonna' (This is the promise that you gave me last year).

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'lupaus'. You can use it to discuss complex social and political issues. You understand the weight of the word in Finnish culture and can use it rhetorically. For instance, you might analyze 'katteettomat lupaukset' (promises with no backing/empty promises) in a political debate. You are familiar with more advanced grammar, such as using the illative case 'lupaukseen' with verbs like 'luottaa' (to trust in a promise). You can also use the word in the context of professional 'palvelulupaukset' (service promises) in business Finnish. Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'vakuutus' and 'vala', and you should know when 'lupaus' is the most appropriate choice. You can discuss the ethical implications of 'lupauksen pettäminen' (betraying a promise) and use the word fluently in both spoken and written Finnish. You also recognize the word in more poetic or literary contexts, where it might symbolize hope or a future goal.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'lupaus' is near-native. You understand all the subtle connotations and can use it in highly formal or academic writing. You might discuss the 'ontologinen lupaus' (ontological promise) of a certain philosophy or the 'yhteiskunnallinen lupaus' (social promise) of a welfare state. You are comfortable with all cases, including the more rare ones like the abessive 'lupauksetta' (without a promise). You can use 'lupaus' in complex idiomatic expressions and understand its role in Finnish proverbs or historical texts. You can differentiate between 'lupaus' and 'vakuuttelu' (repeated assurances), noting that the latter might imply a lack of initial trust. Your pronunciation and intonation when using the word are natural. You can also create your own compound words using 'lupaus' to describe specific, niche concepts. In professional negotiations, you use 'lupaus' and its synonyms to navigate delicate agreements with precision and cultural sensitivity.

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'lupaus' in all its dimensions. You can use it to discuss the finest points of Finnish law, where a 'lupaus' might have specific legal consequences. You are familiar with the history of the word and its etymological roots. You can appreciate and use 'lupaus' in high-level literature, understanding how it functions as a motif. You can debate the philosophical nature of a 'lupaus'—is it a speech act, a moral contract, or a social necessity? You can switch between formal 'lupaus' and informal 'sana' or 'puhe' with ease, depending on the social setting. Your understanding of the word is so deep that you can play with its meaning in puns or sophisticated humor. You can also mentor others on the cultural importance of 'lupaus' in Finland, explaining why 'lupaus on velka' (a promise is a debt) is such a fundamental concept in the Finnish mindset. At this level, the word is not just a tool for communication but a part of your deep cultural fluency.

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lupaus in 30 Sekunden

Lupaus is the Finnish noun for 'promise', vital for expressing commitment and building trust in personal and professional relationships.
The word declines with the stem 'lupaukse-' and is commonly paired with verbs like 'antaa' (give), 'pitää' (keep), and 'rikkoa' (break).
Culturally, a lupaus carries significant weight in Finland, reflecting a society that highly values honesty, reliability, and the sanctity of one's word.
It appears frequently in compounds like 'uudenvuodenlupaus' (New Year's resolution) and 'vaalilupaus' (election promise), making it a versatile and essential term.

The Finnish word lupaus is a fundamental noun in the Finnish language, representing the concept of a promise, a pledge, or an assurance given by one person to another. In Finnish culture, the weight of one's word is historically significant; a 'lupaus' is not merely a causal statement of intent but often carries a moral and social obligation. When you make a lupaus in Finland, the expectation of fulfillment is exceptionally high, reflecting the societal value of rehellisyys (honesty) and luotettavuus (reliability).

Core Meaning: A declaration that something will or will not be done, given, or happen. It is derived from the verb luvata (to promise).

You will encounter this word in a vast array of contexts, ranging from the intimacy of personal relationships to the formal declarations of political life. In a personal context, a parent might give a lupaus to a child about a weekend trip. In a professional setting, a company might make a laatulupaus (quality promise) to its customers. The word is versatile and essential for anyone navigating Finnish social dynamics.

Hän antoi minulle juhlallisen lupauksen auttaa muutossa.

The term also appears frequently in compound words. For instance, uudenvuodenlupaus (New Year's resolution) is a common secular use of the word. In religious or historical contexts, it might refer to a 'covenant' or a 'vow,' though vala is more specific for formal oaths. Understanding 'lupaus' requires recognizing that it sits at the heart of Finnish interpersonal trust. If a Finn says 'se on lupaus' (that is a promise), they are explicitly signaling that the matter is settled and certain.

Social Nuance: Finns generally value brevity and directness. Therefore, a lupaus is rarely made lightly. Over-promising is often viewed with suspicion, as it may suggest a lack of realism or integrity.

Poliitikkojen lupaukset herättävät usein keskustelua mediassa.

In summary, 'lupaus' is more than a vocabulary item; it is a cultural artifact. It bridges the gap between intention and action. Whether you are learning Finnish for work, travel, or family, mastering the use of 'lupaus'—and more importantly, the cultural etiquette surrounding it—will significantly enhance your communicative competence. It is a word that demands respect and carries the weight of the speaker's character.

Using lupaus correctly in Finnish requires an understanding of its declension and the verbs it typically pairs with. As a noun ending in '-us', it follows a specific declension pattern where the 's' changes to 'kse-' in many cases. For example, the genitive (possessive) form is lupauksen and the partitive is lupausta.

Common Verb Pairings: 1. Antaa lupaus (To give a promise)
2. Pitää lupaus (To keep a promise)
3. Rikkoa lupaus (To break a promise)
4. Syödä sanansa/lupauksensa (To 'eat' one's words/promise - informal/idiomatic)

When you want to say 'a promise of something', you usually use the genitive case for the 'something'. For example, 'lupaus paremmasta huomisesta' (a promise of a better tomorrow). Here, 'parempi huominen' becomes 'paremmasta huomisesta' in the elative case to indicate the source or nature of the promise.

Teit minulle lupauksen, jota et voinut pitää.

In plural forms, 'lupaus' becomes lupaukset (nominative plural) or lupauksia (partitive plural). You use the partitive plural when talking about promises in an indefinite quantity, such as 'Hän tekee paljon lupauksia' (He makes many promises). The use of the partitive is essential here because the action is ongoing or the quantity is not a single, complete unit.

Let's look at the illative case: lupaukseen. This is used when something is 'included in' or 'directed towards' a promise. For example: 'Luotan sinun lupaukseesi' (I trust [in] your promise). The verb luottaa (to trust) requires the illative case for the object being trusted.

Onko tämä tyhjä lupaus vai aiotko todella toimia?

Finally, consider the compound words. 'Vaalilupaus' (election promise) is a staple of Finnish news. 'Tyhjät lupaukset' (empty promises) is a common expression for insincere commitments. By combining 'lupaus' with different prefixes, you can specify exactly what kind of commitment is being discussed, making your Finnish sound more natural and precise.

The word lupaus is pervasive in Finnish daily life, media, and literature. If you are watching the Finnish evening news (Ylen uutiset), you are almost certain to hear it during election cycles. Journalists often analyze 'hallitusohjelman lupaukset' (the promises of the government program), scrutinizing whether politicians are keeping their word to the electorate.

In the Media: Headlines often use 'lupaus' to highlight future commitments. For example: 'Uusi lupaus ilmastotoimista' (A new promise for climate actions).

In popular culture, especially in Finnish melancholic pop and rock music, 'lupaus' is a recurring theme. Songs often deal with broken promises (rikotut lupaukset) and the emotional weight of betrayal. If you listen to artists like Juice Leskinen or Jenni Vartiainen, you might catch the word in lyrics about love and commitment. It provides a poetic way to discuss the fragility of human connections.

Laulussa kerrotaan nuoruuden lupauksista, jotka unohtuivat ajan myötä.

In a work environment, you might hear this word during performance reviews or project planning. A manager might say, 'Asiakkaalle annettu lupaus on pidettävä' (The promise given to the customer must be kept). Here, it emphasizes professional integrity and the reliability of the company's services. It's also common in marketing, where a 'brändilupaus' (brand promise) defines what a consumer can expect from a product.

Even in casual conversation among friends, 'lupaus' appears. When making plans, a friend might jokingly say, 'Onko se lupaus?' if you suggest going for a beer later. It adds a layer of confirmation to the agreement. Essentially, wherever there is an exchange of trust or a look toward the future, the word 'lupaus' acts as the linguistic anchor for that commitment.

For English speakers learning Finnish, the word lupaus presents a few common pitfalls, primarily related to its grammar and its distinction from similar-sounding words. The most frequent error is confusing 'lupaus' (the noun) with 'lupa' (the noun for permission).

Lupaus vs. Lupa: - Lupaus: A promise (e.g., I promise to help).
- Lupa: Permission or a permit (e.g., I have a driving permit/ajokortti or permission to go).

Another common mistake involves the declension. Because the stem of 'lupaus' is 'lupaukse-', learners often forget to add the 'kse' and try to decline it like a regular '-us' word that doesn't change, or they might incorrectly apply consonant gradation to the 'p'. Remember: lupaus (nominative), lupauksen (genitive), lupausta (partitive). The 'p' stays a 'p' in the noun, unlike the verb luvata where it changes to 'v'.

Väärin: Minä pidän minun lupauksen. (Correct: Minä pidän lupaukseni - adding the possessive suffix).

A third mistake is using the wrong verb with 'lupaus'. In English, we 'make' a promise. In Finnish, while you can say 'tehdä lupaus' (to make a promise), it is much more common and natural to say antaa lupaus (to give a promise). Using 'tehdä' isn't strictly wrong, but it can sound slightly translated from English rather than idiomatic Finnish.

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the plural partitive. When saying 'no promises', the correct form is 'ei lupauksia'. Using the nominative 'ei lupaukset' is a grammatical error because negative sentences in Finnish typically require the partitive case for the object. Paying attention to these small details will make your use of 'lupaus' much more accurate and native-like.

While lupaus is the most common word for a promise, Finnish offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context of the commitment. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right word for the right situation.

Sitoumus: This means 'commitment' or 'engagement'. It is more formal than 'lupaus' and is often used in legal, financial, or professional contexts. For example, 'kirjallinen sitoumus' (a written commitment).
Vala: This means 'oath'. It is used for extremely solemn promises, such as a 'valtiopäivämiehen vala' (oath of a member of parliament) or 'lääkärinvala' (Hippocratic oath). It implies a legal or sacred weight far beyond a standard 'lupaus'.
Vakuutus: While this often means 'insurance', it also means 'assurance' or 'assertion'. If someone gives you a 'vakuutus' of their loyalty, they are strongly asserting it. It's more about the certainty of the statement than the act of promising itself.

In very casual speech, you might hear people refer to their sana (word). 'Saanko sanasi?' (Do I have your word?) is a common way to ask for a promise without using the formal noun 'lupaus'. It feels more personal and direct, emphasizing the speaker's honor.

Hän antoi sanansa, ja minä uskon häntä.

Another interesting alternative is myöntymys, which means 'consent' or 'acquiescence', though it's less about a future promise and more about agreeing to a current request. When comparing 'lupaus' and 'sitoumus', remember that a 'lupaus' is often one-sided (I promise you), whereas a 'sitoumus' often implies a reciprocal or formal binding (I am committed to this contract). Choosing between them depends on whether you want to sound personal or professional.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The root 'lupa' is also found in Estonian 'luba'. The suffix '-us' is a common way in Finnish to turn a verb into a noun representing the action or result.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ˈlupɑus/

US /ˈlupɑus/

Always on the first syllable: LU-pa-us.

Reimt sich auf

vapaus (freedom) kaipaus (longing) viisaus (wisdom) varkaus (theft) raikkaus (freshness) raskaus (pregnancy) puhtaus (cleanliness) kirkkaus (brightness)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the 'au' as two separate syllables rather than a diphthong.
Adding aspiration to the 'p' like in English 'power'.
Stressing the second or third syllable.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The word is common, but the '-us' to '-ukse-' change can be tricky for beginners.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires knowledge of consonant gradation and noun declension stems.

Sprechen 3/5

The 'au' diphthong requires some practice for English speakers.

Hören 2/5

Distinctive sound, usually easy to pick out in a sentence.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

lupa luvata antaa pitää rikkoa

Als Nächstes lernen

sitoumus vakuutus vala luottamus rehellisyys

Fortgeschritten

perättömyys velvoite oikeustoimi sopimusoikeus takuusitoumus

Wichtige Grammatik

Noun declension of -us words

lupaus -> lupauksen (genitive)

Consonant gradation in verbs vs nouns

luvata (p->v) vs lupaus (p stays)

Partitive case in negative sentences

En tehnyt lupausta.

Illative case with 'luottaa'

Luotan lupaukseen.

Possessive suffixes with objects

Pidän lupaukseni.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

Minulla on lupaus.

I have a promise.

Basic nominative case.

Tämä on lupaus.

This is a promise.

Simple demonstrative sentence.

Se on hyvä lupaus.

It is a good promise.

Adjective-noun agreement.

Lupaus on tärkeä.

A promise is important.

Subject-predicate structure.

Minun lupaus.

My promise.

Genitive pronoun used as a possessive.

Pieni lupaus.

A small promise.

Basic adjective use.

Lupaus ystävälle.

A promise to a friend.

Allative case for 'to a friend'.

Älä unohda lupausta.

Don't forget the promise.

Partitive case in a negative imperative.

Annoin hänelle lupauksen.

I gave him/her a promise.

Accusative case for the object.

Pidätkö sinä lupauksen?

Do you keep the promise?

Interrogative with -ko suffix.

Hän teki uuden lupauksen.

He made a new promise.

Genitive 'uuden' agreeing with 'lupauksen'.

En usko tätä lupausta.

I don't believe this promise.

Partitive case after a negative verb.

Lupaus auttaa on kiva.

The promise to help is nice.

Infinitive 'auttaa' following 'lupaus'.

Meillä on monta lupausta.

We have many promises.

Partitive plural after 'monta'.

Lupauksen pitäminen on vaikeaa.

Keeping a promise is difficult.

Genitive 'lupauksen' as the object of a verbal noun.

Muistatko meidän lupauksen?

Do you remember our promise?

Genitive plural pronoun 'meidän'.

Hän rikkoi lupauksensa heti.

He broke his promise immediately.

Possessive suffix -nsa.

Tämä on juhlallinen lupaus.

This is a solemn promise.

Use of the adjective 'juhlallinen'.

Luotan sinun lupaukseesi.

I trust your promise.

Illative case required by 'luottaa'.

Sain lupauksen paremmasta palkasta.

I got a promise of a better salary.

Elative case 'paremmasta palkasta' for 'of...'

Hän ei pystynyt täyttämään lupaustaan.

He wasn't able to fulfill his promise.

Partitive case with possessive suffix.

Uudenvuodenlupaus unohtuu usein.

The New Year's resolution is often forgotten.

Compound word 'uudenvuodenlupaus'.

Lupaus annettiin kirjallisena.

The promise was given in writing.

Passive voice 'annettiin' and essive 'kirjallisena'.

Onko tämä vain tyhjä lupaus?

Is this just an empty promise?

Idiomatic use of 'tyhjä'.

Vaalilupaukset herättävät paljon keskustelua.

Election promises stir up a lot of discussion.

Nominative plural 'vaalilupaukset'.

Hän antoi sanallisen lupauksen tuesta.

He gave a verbal promise of support.

Genitive 'tuesta' (of support).

Lupauksesta kiinnipitäminen on kunnia-asia.

Holding onto a promise is a matter of honor.

Elative 'lupauksesta' with the noun 'kiinnipitäminen'.

He tekivät keskinäisen lupauksen.

They made a mutual promise.

Adjective 'keskinäinen'.

Lupaus osoittautui perättömäksi.

The promise turned out to be groundless.

Translative case 'perättömäksi' with 'osoittautua'.

Yrityksen laatulupaus on korkea.

The company's quality promise is high.

Compound word 'laatulupaus'.

En halua antaa katteettomia lupauksia.

I don't want to give promises with no backing.

Partitive plural 'lupauksia'.

Lupaukseen sisältyi monta ehtoa.

The promise included many conditions.

Illative 'lupaukseen' with 'sisältyä'.

Lupaus on velka, sanotaan suomeksi.

A promise is a debt, it is said in Finnish.

Proverbial structure.

Hän sitoutui lupaukseensa täysin.

He committed himself fully to his promise.

Reflexive verb 'sitoutua' with illative.

Lupauksien ketju on katkeamaton.

The chain of promises is unbroken.

Genitive plural 'lupauksien' (alternative to 'lupausten').

Hän puhui lupauksenomaisesti.

He spoke in the manner of a promise.

Adverbial form '-omaisesti'.

Lupaus velvoittaa moraalisesti.

A promise obligates morally.

Verb 'velvoittaa' with adverb.

Tämä on lupaus, jota ei voi peruuttaa.

This is a promise that cannot be cancelled.

Relative clause with 'jota'.

Lupauksetta jääminen oli pettymys.

Being left without a promise was a disappointment.

Abessive case 'lupauksetta'.

Hän tarkasteli lupausta kriittisesti.

He examined the promise critically.

Partitive object with adverb.

Lupauksen perimmäinen olemus on eettinen.

The ultimate essence of a promise is ethical.

Complex genitive structure.

Hän antoi lupauksen, jonka painoarvo oli valtava.

He gave a promise whose weight/value was enormous.

Relative pronoun 'jonka' in genitive.

Lupauksesta tuli hänen elämänsä ohjenuora.

The promise became the guiding principle of his life.

Elative 'lupauksesta' with 'tulla'.

Hän ei horjunut lupauksessaan.

He did not waver in his promise.

Inessive case 'lupauksessaan'.

Lupaus kantaa yli vaikeiden aikojen.

A promise carries through difficult times.

Metaphorical use of 'kantaa'.

Hän kyseenalaisti koko lupauksen legitiimiyden.

He questioned the legitimacy of the entire promise.

Academic vocabulary 'legitiimiys'.

Lupauksia satelee, mutta teot puuttuvat.

Promises are raining down, but actions are missing.

Idiomatic 'satelee'.

Hän on lupauksensa mittainen mies.

He is a man the measure of his promise.

Idiomatic expression of integrity.

Häufige Kollokationen

pitää lupaus

antaa lupaus

rikkoa lupaus

tyhjä lupaus

juhlallinen lupaus

uudenvuodenlupaus

vaalilupaus

laatulupaus

tehdä lupaus

luottaa lupaukseen

Häufige Phrasen

Se on lupaus.

— Used to confirm that what was just said is a firm commitment.

Tulen ajoissa, se on lupaus.

Lupaus on velka.

— A proverb meaning that once you promise, you owe it to the other person.

Muista, että lupaus on velka.

Syödä lupauksensa.

— To go back on what one promised; to fail to keep it.

Hän söi lupauksensa heti vaalien jälkeen.

Antaa katteettomia lupauksia.

— To make promises that one cannot or does not intend to fulfill.

Älä anna katteettomia lupauksia lapsille.

Pitää sanansa ja lupauksensa.

— To be a person of integrity who fulfills their commitments.

Hän pitää aina sanansa ja lupauksensa.

Lupaus paremmasta.

— A hopeful phrase about a better future or outcome.

Kevät on lupaus paremmasta säästä.

Uudistaa lupaus.

— To renew a promise or commitment.

He uudistivat avioliittolupauksensa.

Lupauksen arvoinen.

— Something that is worth making a promise for.

Tämä tavoite on lupauksen arvoinen.

Vahvistaa lupaus.

— To confirm or strengthen a promise.

Hän vahvisti lupauksensa kättelemällä.

Perua lupaus.

— To take back or cancel a promise.

Hän joutui perumaan lupauksensa sairauden vuoksi.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

lupaus vs lupa

Lupa means permission (e.g., driving permit), while lupaus means a promise.

lupaus vs luovutus

Luovutus means surrender or giving up, which sounds slightly similar but has a different meaning.

lupaus vs lupaus (verb form)

Don't confuse the noun 'lupaus' with the 1st person singular verb 'lupaan'.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"Lupaus on velka."

— A promise is a debt (it must be paid/kept).

Suomessa sanotaan usein: lupaus on velka.

proverbial

"Syödä sanansa."

— To take back one's word (related to breaking a promise).

Poliitikko söi sanansa nopeasti.

informal

"Maa on lupauksia täynnä."

— The world is full of promises (often used cynically).

Maa on lupauksia täynnä, mutta teot ratkaisevat.

literary

"Luvattu maa."

— The Promised Land (biblical/metaphorical).

Amerikka oli monelle luvattu maa.

neutral

"Antaa pikkusormi."

— To give a small promise/concession (often leads to more).

Annoin pikkusormen, ja hän vei koko käden.

idiomatic

"Sana on laki."

— One's word is law (extreme integrity).

Hänen sanansa on laki tässä talossa.

formal

"Vastata huutoonsa."

— To live up to one's own promise or challenge.

Nyt on aika vastata huutoonsa ja pitää lupaus.

informal

"Olla sanansa mittainen."

— To be as good as one's word.

Hän on aina ollut sanansa mittainen nainen.

neutral

"Lyödä kättä päälle."

— To shake hands to seal a promise.

Löimme kättä päälle lupauksen merkiksi.

neutral

"Jättää tyhjän päälle."

— To leave someone with nothing (broken promise).

Hän jätti minut tyhjän päälle rikkomalla lupauksensa.

informal

Leicht verwechselbar

lupaus vs lupa

Similar root and sound.

Lupa is permission granted by someone else; lupaus is a commitment you make yourself.

Sain luvan lähteä (I got permission), mutta annoin lupauksen palata (but I gave a promise to return).

lupaus vs sitoumus

Both imply commitment.

Sitoumus is typically more formal, often written or legal; lupaus is more personal and verbal.

Tämä on virallinen sitoumus.

lupaus vs vakuutus

Both involve giving one's word.

Vakuutus is an assurance of a fact; lupaus is a commitment to a future action.

Hän antoi vakuutuksen siitä, että auto toimii.

lupaus vs vala

Both are types of promises.

Vala is a solemn, official oath; lupaus is a general promise.

Todistaja vannoi valan oikeudessa.

lupaus vs myöntymys

Both involve agreement.

Myöntymys is agreeing to a request; lupaus is initiating a commitment.

Hän antoi myöntymyksensä ehdotukseen.

Satzmuster

Minä lupaan [verbi].

Minä lupaan tulla.

Minä annan [kenelle] lupauksen.

Minä annan sinulle lupauksen.

On tärkeää pitää [kenen] lupaus.

On tärkeää pitää oma lupaus.

Se oli lupaus [mistä].

Se oli lupaus paremmasta tulevaisuudesta.

Lupaus [tehdä jotain] velvoittaa.

Lupaus auttaa velvoittaa miestä.

Ilman [mitä] ei ole luottamusta.

Ilman lupausta ei ole luottamusta.

[Minkä] mittainen mies.

Hän on lupauksensa mittainen mies.

Lupaus [minkä] legitiimiydestä.

Lupaus sopimuksen legitiimiydestä annettiin.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

lupaus (promise)

lupa (permission)

luvattomuus (unauthorizedness)

Verben

luvata (to promise)

lupailla (to keep promising)

luovuttaa (to give up - related root)

Adjektive

luvattu (promised)

luvatunlainen (of the promised kind)

perätön (groundless - often used with lupaus)

Verwandt

sitoumus

vala

vakuutus

suostumus

myöntymys

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in both spoken and written Finnish.

Häufige Fehler

Minä lupaus sinulle. → Minä lupaan sinulle.
You used the noun instead of the verb. 'Lupaus' is the promise itself, not the action of promising.
Sain lupauksen mennä ulos. → Sain luvan mennä ulos.
You used 'lupaus' (promise) instead of 'lupa' (permission).
Hän rikkoi hänen lupaus. → Hän rikkoi lupauksensa.
You missed the accusative ending and the possessive suffix. 'Lupaus' needs to be in the object case and have -nsa.
Tein monta lupaukset. → Tein monta lupausta.
After 'monta' (many), you must use the partitive singular form.
Lupauksen rikkominen on huono. → Lupauksen rikkominen on huonoa.
The predicate adjective 'huonoa' should be in the partitive case when the subject is an abstract action.

Tipps

Stem Change

Remember that the 's' in 'lupaus' changes to 'kse' in almost all cases. This is a common pattern for Finnish nouns ending in '-us' or '-os'.

Verb vs Noun

Don't mix up the noun 'lupaus' with the verb 'luvata'. Use the noun when you are talking about the promise as a thing, and the verb when you are performing the act of promising.

Keep Your Word

In Finland, honesty is paramount. If you give a 'lupaus', make sure you can fulfill it. It is better to say 'ehkä' (maybe) than to make a 'tyhjä lupaus' (empty promise).

Diphthong Practice

The 'au' in 'lupaus' is a diphthong. Practice sliding from the 'a' sound to the 'u' sound quickly within one syllable.

Common Verbs

Learn the trio: 'antaa' (give), 'pitää' (keep), and 'rikkoa' (break). These are the most essential verbs to use with 'lupaus'.

Lupaus on velka

Memorize this proverb! It will help you remember the word and give you a great cultural insight to share with Finnish friends.

Compound Words

Finnish loves compound words. You can create new ones like 'kahvilupaus' (a promise for coffee) if you want to be creative!

News Keywords

Listen for 'lupaus' during news segments about politics or the economy. It's a keyword for understanding future plans.

Visual Link

Imagine a 'loop' (lupaus starts with 'lu-') that binds two people together. That loop is the promise.

Confirming Plans

Use 'Onko se lupaus?' to playfully confirm a plan with a friend. It shows you're paying attention and adds a bit of fun.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'LOOP-house'. Imagine a house made of loops. You promise to stay in the loop! Lupaus = Loop-house.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize two people shaking hands over a glowing word 'LUPAUS'. The handshake is the physical form of the promise.

Word Web

luottaa (trust) rehellinen (honest) vala (oath) pitää (keep) rikkoa (break) uusi vuosi (New Year) politiikka (politics) ystävyys (friendship)

Herausforderung

Try to use 'lupaus' in three different cases today: nominative (lupaus), genitive (lupauksen), and partitive (lupausta).

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Proto-Finnic root *lupa, which originally meant 'leave' or 'permission'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The act of giving leave or permission, which evolved into the act of giving one's word.

Uralic / Finnic.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to use 'lupaus' lightly in Finland. If you say it, people will expect you to do it.

In English, 'promise' is used very casually (e.g., 'I promise I'll be there'). In Finnish, 'lupaus' feels slightly more formal and heavy.

Uudenvuodenlupaus (A Finnish tradition shared globally) Vaalilupaus (A central theme in Finnish political satire) Raamatun lupaukset (Biblical promises in Finnish theology)

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Relationships

Lupaan rakastaa sinua.
Älä riko lupaustasi.
Tämä on lupaus.
Uskon sinun lupaukseesi.

Politics

Vaalilupaukset ovat tärkeitä.
Poliitikko petti lupauksensa.
Uusi lupaus budjetista.
Kansalaiset odottavat lupauksia.

Business

Laatulupaus asiakkaille.
Pidämme lupauksemme toimitusajasta.
Yrityksen brändilupaus.
Annamme takuulupauksen.

New Year

Teitkö uudenvuodenlupauksen?
Lupaukseni on liikkua enemmän.
Rikoin jo lupaukseni.
Uusi vuosi, uudet lupaukset.

Legal/Formal

Juhlallinen lupaus todistaa totuudenmukaisesti.
Sopimus sisältää lupauksen.
Kirjallinen lupaus tuesta.
Lupauksen peruminen.

Gesprächseinstiege

"Oletko koskaan tehnyt uudenvuodenlupausta, jota et pystynyt pitämään?"

"Kuinka tärkeää sinulle on, että ihmiset pitävät lupauksensa?"

"Mitä mieltä olet poliitikkojen vaalilupauksista tässä maassa?"

"Voitko antaa minulle lupauksen, että autat minua huomenna?"

"Mikä on suurin lupaus, jonka olet koskaan saanut joltain?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Kirjoita tilanteesta, jossa joku piti sinulle annetun vaikean lupauksen.

Mitä lupauksia olet tehnyt itsellesi tälle vuodelle?

Pohdi, miksi lupauksen rikkominen tuntuu niin pahalta.

Onko olemassa tilanteita, joissa lupauksen saa rikkoa? Miksi?

Miten määritteleisit sanan 'lupaus' omassa elämässäsi?

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Finnish does not have grammatical gender, so 'lupaus' is gender-neutral, like all Finnish nouns.

You use the verb: 'Minä lupaan'. The noun 'lupaus' is used as the object, e.g., 'Annan lupauksen'.

The nominative plural is 'lupaukset'. The partitive plural is 'lupauksia'.

Yes, 'tehdä lupaus' is correct, but 'antaa lupaus' (to give a promise) is often more natural in Finnish.

It means 'New Year's resolution'. It literally translates to 'New Year's promise'.

Yes, very often. For example, 'palvelulupaus' (service promise) or 'laatulupaus' (quality promise).

You say 'rikkoa lupaus'. For example: 'Hän rikkoi lupauksensa'.

Lupaus is a promise you make. Lupa is permission you receive from someone else.

The genitive form is 'lupauksen'. The 's' changes to 'kse'.

It is an 'election promise' made by a politician during a campaign.

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