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A2 adjective #2,000 am häufigsten 11 Min. Lesezeit

थका

thaka Top 2,000

At the A1 level, 'thakā' is one of the essential adjectives used to describe basic physical states. Learners at this stage focus on the most simple sentence structures: 'Main thakā hoon' (I am tired) or 'Vah thakī hai' (She is tired). The primary goal is to recognize the word and understand that it changes based on gender. A1 learners use it to express immediate needs, such as wanting to rest or sleep. They might not yet use the 'huā' addition or complex adverbs, but they can identify the word in simple questions like 'Kya tum thake ho?' (Are you tired?). The focus is on the literal, physical meaning of having no energy after a simple activity like walking or playing.

At the A2 level, learners begin to expand their use of 'thakā' by adding reasons and using it in slightly more complex sentences. They start using 'thakā huā' to describe a state more naturally. An A2 learner can say, 'Main kaam ke baad thakā hoon' (I am tired after work) or 'Hum bahut thake hain kyunki humne bahut paidal yatra ki' (We are very tired because we walked a lot). They also begin to use basic intensifiers like 'bahut' (very) or 'thoda' (a little). At this stage, understanding the plural form 'thake' for groups and for showing respect (formal 'you') becomes important. They can also use it with verbs like 'lagna' (to seem), as in 'Tum thake lag rahe ho' (You are looking tired).

By B1, the learner can use 'thakā' in a variety of tenses and moods. They might say, 'Agar main thakā hotā, to main so jaatā' (If I were tired, I would have slept). They also start to encounter and use common compound phrases like 'thakā-hārā' (exhausted and defeated) and understand the difference between the adjective 'thakā' and the noun 'thakān' (tiredness). B1 learners can describe their feelings in more detail, perhaps mentioning mental fatigue or being 'tired of' a situation (though they learn to use 'uubna' for that). They are also more comfortable with the oblique forms, such as 'thake hue logon ko' (to the tired people), where the adjective changes because of a postposition.

At the B2 level, 'thakā' is used more figuratively and in more sophisticated grammatical structures. A B2 learner might use it to describe an abstract concept, like a 'thakī huī rājnīti' (tired/worn-out politics) or a 'thakā huā tark' (a tired/cliché argument). They understand the nuances between 'thakā' and its more intense synonyms like 'be-haal' or 'chūr-chūr.' They can use the word in complex subordinate clauses, such as 'Vah itnā thakā huā thā ki khānā khāye binā hi so gayā' (He was so tired that he fell asleep without even eating). Their vocabulary includes related idioms and they can distinguish between physical exhaustion and the existential weariness found in literature.

C1 learners have a near-native grasp of 'thakā' and its various synonyms. They can appreciate the poetic use of 'shrānt' or 'klānt' in Hindi literature and know exactly when to use 'thakā' versus a more formal alternative. They can discuss the socio-cultural implications of fatigue in modern life using this vocabulary. They are also adept at using the word in various registers, from street slang to academic discourse. A C1 learner might analyze a text where 'thakā' is used to symbolize the decline of an era or the exhaustion of a social movement. They use the word with perfect grammatical precision, including complex participial constructions.

At the C2 level, the word 'thakā' is just one tool in a vast arsenal of expression. The learner can use it with absolute subtlety, perhaps using it ironically or in a highly stylized way. They can engage in deep philosophical discussions about the nature of 'thakān' (fatigue) in the human condition, referencing Hindi philosophy or modern psychology. They understand every possible idiom, even rare or regional ones, and can use 'thakā' to convey a wide range of emotions from simple physical need to profound spiritual weariness. Their use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, reflecting a deep immersion in the language's nuances.

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थका in 30 Sekunden

Thakā is the standard Hindi word for 'tired'.
It is an adjective that must agree with the gender and number of the subject.
Commonly used as 'thakā huā' to describe a current state of exhaustion.
It is used for both physical and mental fatigue in daily conversation.

The Hindi word थका (thakā) is a primary adjective used to describe a state of physical or mental exhaustion. Derived from the verb थकना (thaknā), which means 'to tire' or 'to get tired,' it functions as a past participle used adjectivally. In its most basic sense, it corresponds directly to the English word 'tired.' However, its usage in Hindi carries various nuances depending on the intensity of the fatigue and the context of the situation. Whether you are exhausted after a long day at the office, weary from a long journey, or mentally drained from intense study, थका is the foundational term you will use to communicate this state.

Grammatical Essence: As an adjective ending in '-ā', it is declinable. This means it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For a masculine singular subject, use थका (thakā); for masculine plural or respectful singular, use थके (thake); and for feminine singular or plural, use थकी (thakī).

वह बहुत थका हुआ लग रहा है। (He is looking very tired.)

Beyond simple physical tiredness, थका can also imply a sense of being 'worn out' or 'spent.' In a more literary or formal context, it might be replaced by words like श्रान्त (shrānt) or क्लान्त (klānt), but in daily conversation, थका is the undisputed king. It covers everything from the slight drowsiness after a meal to the bone-deep exhaustion after running a marathon. It is often paired with the auxiliary verb हुआ (huā) to emphasize the state: थका हुआ (thakā huā) translates literally to 'in a tired state.'

सारा दिन पैदल चलने के बाद, यात्री थके हुए थे। (After walking all day, the travelers were tired.)

Physical vs. Mental: While primarily physical, you can use 'thakā' for mental fatigue by adding context, such as 'dimāgh se thakā' (tired from the brain/mind).

आज का काम बहुत भारी था, मैं पूरी तरह से थका हूँ। (Today's work was very heavy; I am completely tired.)

In Hindi literature and poetry, थका is often used metaphorically to describe a soul that has wandered long or a heart that has given up hope. However, for a CEFR A2 learner, focusing on its literal application to the body is most beneficial. It is one of the first adjectives learned because expressing physical needs and states is fundamental to basic communication. Understanding how to modify it for gender is the first hurdle, followed by learning how to intensify it using adverbs like बहुत (bahut - very) or ज़रा (zarā - a little).

क्या तुम थकी हो? (Are you [feminine] tired?)

बच्चा खेलते-खेलते थका और सो गया। (The child got tired while playing and fell asleep.)

Intensity Levels: You can say 'thakā-māndā' to mean 'exhausted and broken' or 'be-haal' to mean 'in a bad state due to tiredness.'

Using थका (thakā) correctly requires a basic understanding of Hindi adjective agreement. Since it ends in the long 'ā' vowel, it is part of the category of adjectives that change their endings to match the noun they describe. This is a crucial step for A2 learners moving beyond simple vocabulary to functional grammar. If you are a male saying 'I am tired,' you say 'Main thakā hoon.' If you are a female, you must say 'Main thakī hoon.' If you are talking about a group of people, you use 'thake.'

The 'Huā' Addition: Very often, you will hear थका हुआ (thakā huā). The word huā is the past participle of honā (to be/become). Adding it emphasizes that the person is currently in the state of having become tired. It makes the description feel more complete and natural in conversational Hindi.

वह थका हुआ मज़दूर पेड़ के नीचे सो गया। (That tired laborer fell asleep under the tree.)

In terms of sentence placement, थका usually comes before the noun it modifies (attributive use) or after a linking verb like honā (predicative use). For example, 'Thakā huā ādmī' (The tired man) vs. 'Ādmī thakā hai' (The man is tired). As you progress to B1 and B2 levels, you will start using it in more complex structures, such as 'Thake hone ke bāvajūd' (Despite being tired), where the adjective remains in its oblique masculine plural form thake because of the following postposition.

मेरी माँ काम से बहुत थकी हुई घर आईं। (My mother came home very tired from work.)

Common Adverbs of Degree: 1. Bahut (Very) - Bahut thakā.
2. Bilkul (Completely) - Bilkul thakā.
3. Thoṛā (A little) - Thoṛā thakā.

क्या आप थके हैं? चलिए आराम करते हैं। (Are you [formal] tired? Let's rest.)

One interesting usage is the reduplication or pairing of the word. You might hear 'thakā-hārā'. The word hārā comes from hārnā (to lose/be defeated). Together, thakā-hārā describes someone who is not just tired, but completely exhausted and perhaps a bit discouraged, like someone returning from a long, unsuccessful search or a grueling day of manual labor.

वह थका-हारा मुसाफ़िर सराय में रुक गया। (That exhausted traveler stopped at the inn.)

Verb vs Adjective: Don't confuse 'thakā' (the state) with 'thaknā' (the action). 'Main thak gayā' means 'I got tired' (action completed), whereas 'Main thakā hoon' means 'I am tired' (current state).

The word थका (thakā) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking environments. You will hear it in domestic settings, workplaces, public transport, and in popular media like Bollywood films and TV serials. It is a fundamental part of the 'small talk' regarding health and well-being. In an Indian household, the first question asked to someone returning from work is often 'Bahut thak gaye ho kyā?' (Are you very tired?).

In the Workplace: Colleagues often use it to sympathize with each other after long meetings or shifts. You might hear: 'Aaj ki meeting ke baad main bahut thakā hoon.' (I am very tired after today's meeting.) It serves as a social lubricant to acknowledge shared hardship.

ऑफिस से आने के बाद वह बहुत थका महसूस करता है। (He feels very tired after coming from the office.)

In the context of travel, especially in crowded cities like Mumbai or Delhi, you'll hear commuters complaining about being thakā due to the commute. On a crowded local train or bus, someone might say, 'Khade-khade thak gayā hoon' (I am tired of standing). Here, thakā expresses the physical strain of the daily grind. In sports commentary, you'll hear it used to describe players toward the end of a match: 'Gendbaaz ab thakā huā lag rahā hai' (The bowler is looking tired now).

मैच के अंत में सभी खिलाड़ी थके हुए थे। (At the end of the match, all the players were tired.)

In Movies and Songs: Bollywood songs often use 'thakā' to describe the journey of life or the weariness of a lover. Phrases like 'thake-thake qadam' (tired steps) evoke a sense of melancholy or perseverance.

रात भर जागने के कारण उसकी आँखें थकी हुई लग रही थीं। (Because of staying up all night, her eyes were looking tired.)

In a medical or health context, a doctor might ask, 'Kya aap jaldi thak jaate hain?' (Do you get tired quickly?). Here, the word is used to gauge stamina and physical health. Even in children's stories, you'll find the 'thakā huā sher' (tired lion) or 'thakī huī chidiya' (tired bird), making it a word that spans all ages and registers of the language.

वह थका है, उसे सोने दो। (He is tired, let him sleep.)

Social Context: In Indian culture, being 'thakā' is often seen as a sign of hard work and dedication, especially for the breadwinner of the family.

For English speakers learning Hindi, the most frequent mistake with थका (thakā) is failing to adjust for gender and number. Because 'tired' is invariable in English, learners often default to thakā for everyone. Remember: Main (male) thakā hoon but Main (female) thakī hoon. Similarly, when talking about a group, you must use thake.

Confusing 'Tired' with 'Bored': In English, we say 'I am tired of this movie.' If you translate this literally using 'thakā,' a Hindi speaker might think the movie physically exhausted you. To say you are bored or fed up, use 'uub gayā' or 'pareshān ho gayā.'

❌ Incorrect: मैं इस काम से थका हूँ। (Meaning bored)
✅ Correct: मैं इस काम से ऊब गया हूँ।

Another mistake is confusing the adjective thakā with the verb thaknā. If you want to say 'I am getting tired,' you should use the continuous form of the verb: 'Main thak rahā hoon.' If you say 'Main thakā hoon,' you are describing your current state. While subtle, using the verb when you mean the adjective (or vice versa) can make your Hindi sound slightly 'off' to native ears.

❌ Incorrect: वे सब थका हैं। (Plural mismatch)
✅ Correct: वे सब थके हैं।

Misusing 'Thakā' for Objects: In English, we might say a 'tired old car.' In Hindi, 'thakā' is almost exclusively used for living beings. For an old car, you would use 'purānī' (old) or 'khatārā' (junk).

वह लड़की बहुत थकी हुई है। (That girl is very tired. - Correct agreement)

Lastly, be careful with the word thakān. Thakān is the noun meaning 'tiredness' or 'fatigue.' You cannot say 'I am tiredness.' You must say 'I have tiredness' (Mujhe thakān hai) or 'I am tired' (Main thakā hoon). Mixing up the noun and adjective forms is a common pitfall for beginners.

❌ Incorrect: मैं बहुत थकान हूँ।
✅ Correct: मुझे बहुत थकान है। OR मैं बहुत थका हूँ।

Transitive Confusion: The verb 'thakānā' means 'to tire someone else out.' Don't use 'thakā' when you mean you made someone else tired. Use 'thakā diyā.'

While थका (thakā) is the most common word for tired, Hindi has a rich vocabulary to describe various shades of exhaustion. Understanding these synonyms will help you move from A2 to B1 and beyond, allowing you to be more precise in your descriptions. Some words are more formal, some are more intense, and some are more colloquial.

1. श्रान्त (Shrānt): This is a formal, Sanskrit-derived word for 'tired' or 'calmed after fatigue.' You will mostly find it in literature or high-register speeches. It sounds more poetic than 'thakā.'

2. क्लान्त (Klānt): Similar to 'shrānt,' this word implies a weary or languid state. It often describes a face that looks pale or drained due to long-term exhaustion.

उसका क्लान्त चेहरा उसकी मेहनत की कहानी कह रहा था। (His weary face was telling the story of his hard work.)

If you want to express extreme exhaustion, you might use चूर-चूर (chūr-chūr), which literally means 'broken into pieces.' Saying 'Main thak kar chūr ho gayā hoon' means 'I am shattered/exhausted to the core.' Another powerful word is बेदम (be-dam), which literally means 'without breath.' This is used when you are so tired you can't even breathe properly, like after a sprint.

लगातार काम करने से वह बेदम हो गया। (He became breathless/exhausted from working continuously.)

3. सुस्त (Sust): While often translated as 'lazy,' 'sust' can also mean 'lethargic' or 'slow due to tiredness.' If you feel 'thakā,' you will likely act 'sust.'

बीमारी के बाद वह बहुत सुस्त महसूस कर रहा है। (He is feeling very lethargic after the illness.)

In colloquial Urdu-influenced Hindi, you might hear निढाल (nidhāl). This describes a state of being completely limp or prostrate with exhaustion. It’s a very descriptive word often used in stories to show a character collapsing onto a bed. For a learner, stick to thakā for 90% of situations, but recognizing these others will significantly improve your listening comprehension.

धूप में चलने के बाद वह निढाल होकर गिर पड़ा। (After walking in the sun, he fell down exhausted.)

Summary Table: Thakā: Standard Tired
Chūr: Shattered
Be-haal: In a bad state
Nidhāl: Limp/Prostrate

How Formal Is It?

Formell

Informell

Umgangssprache

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

मैं थका हूँ।

I am tired.

Masculine singular subject.

वह थकी है।

She is tired.

Feminine singular subject.

क्या तुम थके हो?

Are you tired?

Masculine plural/respectful 'you'.

हम थके हैं।

We are tired.

Plural subject.

बच्चा थका है।

The child is tired.

Masculine singular.

वे थके हैं।

They are tired.

Third person plural.

मैं बहुत थका हूँ।

I am very tired.

Use of 'bahut' as an intensifier.

माँ थकी हैं।

Mother is tired.

Respectful plural form 'thake' or 'thaki' (plural verb).

मैं काम के बाद थका हुआ हूँ।

I am tired after work.

Use of 'huā' for state.

वह चलते-चलते थक गई।

She got tired while walking.

Verb 'thaknā' in past tense.

तुम थके हुए लग रहे हो।

You are looking tired.

Agreement with 'lag rahe ho'.

आज मैं थोड़ा थका हूँ।

Today I am a little tired.

Use of 'thoṛā'.

थका हुआ आदमी सो गया।

The tired man fell asleep.

Attributive use of 'thakā huā'.

क्या आप थके हुए हैं?

Are you (formal) tired?

Formal 'aap' requires plural 'thake'.

वह थकी हुई घर आई।

She came home tired.

Feminine agreement 'thakī huī'.

हम सब बहुत थके हुए थे।

We all were very tired.

Past tense plural.

थके होने के बावजूद उसने काम किया।

Despite being tired, he worked.

Oblique form 'thake' before 'hone'.

वह थका-हारा मुसाफ़िर था।

He was an exhausted and defeated traveler.

Compound adjective 'thakā-hārā'.

इतनी दूर पैदल चलने से कोई भी थक जाएगा।

Anyone would get tired by walking so far.

Future tense of 'thaknā'.

उसकी आँखों में थकान और थका हुआ चेहरा था।

There was tiredness in his eyes and a tired face.

Noun 'thakān' vs adjective 'thakā'.

जब मैं थका होता हूँ, मैं संगीत सुनता हूँ।

When I am tired, I listen to music.

Conditional 'hotā hoon'.

वह मानसिक रूप से थका हुआ है।

He is mentally tired.

Adverbial phrase 'mānasik rūp se'.

थके हुए खिलाड़ियों ने आराम किया।

The tired players took a rest.

Oblique plural 'thake hue' before noun.

क्या तुम काम से थक गए हो?

Have you got tired of work?

Perfective 'thak gaye'.

लगातार यात्रा ने उसे पूरी तरह थका दिया था।

The continuous travel had completely tired him out.

Transitive use 'thakā diyā'.

उसका थका हुआ दिमाग अब और नहीं सोच सकता था।

His tired mind could not think anymore.

Metaphorical use for 'dimāgh'.

वह थका-मांदा घर लौटा।

He returned home exhausted and broken.

Idiomatic 'thakā-māndā'.

यह एक थका हुआ विचार है।

This is a tired (cliché) idea.

Figurative use for 'idea'.

दिन भर की भाग-दौड़ से वह बेदम और थका था।

He was breathless and tired from the day's hustle.

Pairing with 'be-dam'.

थके हुए स्वर में उसने अपनी कहानी सुनाई।

He told his story in a tired voice.

Describing 'swar' (voice).

इतनी मेहनत के बाद थका होना स्वाभाविक है।

It is natural to be tired after so much hard work.

Infinitive 'thakā honā' as a subject.

वह अपनी थकी हुई मुस्कान के पीछे दर्द छिपा रहा था।

He was hiding pain behind his tired smile.

Describing 'muskān' (smile).

उसकी थकी हुई आँखों में एक अजीब सी चमक थी।

There was a strange glint in his tired eyes.

Literary description.

समाज के थके हुए रिवाजों को बदलना होगा।

The tired customs of society must be changed.

Abstract metaphorical use.

वह जीवन की जद्दोजहद से थका हुआ महसूस कर रहा था।

He was feeling tired from the struggle of life.

Existential context.

थके हुए कदमों की चाप सन्नाटे में गूँज रही थी।

The sound of tired footsteps was echoing in the silence.

Poetic imagery.

लेखक ने एक थकी हुई सभ्यता का चित्रण किया है।

The author has portrayed a tired civilization.

Academic/Literary register.

वह थका तो था, पर उसकी इच्छाशक्ति अभी भी दृढ़ थी।

He was tired, but his willpower was still firm.

Contrastive structure.

थके-थके से बादल आसमान में तैर रहे थे।

Tired-looking clouds were floating in the sky.

Personification.

उसने एक थकी हुई आह भरी।

He let out a tired sigh.

Describing an action.

उसका अस्तित्व ही जैसे थका हुआ और बोझिल हो गया था।

His very existence had become tired and burdensome.

Philosophical depth.

इतिहास के थके हुए पन्नों पर फिर से वही कहानी लिखी जा रही थी।

The same story was being written again on the tired pages of history.

High-level metaphor.

वह एक थकी हुई आत्मा की तरह भटक रहा था।

He was wandering like a tired soul.

Simile in high register.

राजनीतिक गलियारों में थके हुए आश्वासनों की गूँज थी।

There was an echo of tired assurances in the political corridors.

Political commentary.

थके हुए मन से लिया गया निर्णय अक्सर गलत होता है।

A decision taken with a tired mind is often wrong.

Proverbial style.

उसकी थकी हुई आवाज़ में एक अनकहा दर्द था।

There was an unspoken pain in his tired voice.

Nuanced emotional description.

समय की थकी हुई गति को कोई नहीं रोक सकता।

No one can stop the tired pace of time.

Abstract personification of time.

वह थका-हारा ज़रूर था, पर पराजित नहीं।

He was certainly exhausted, but not defeated.

Rhetorical contrast.

Häufige Kollokationen

बहुत थका (very tired)

मानसिक रूप से थका (mentally tired)

पूरी तरह थका (completely tired)

थका हुआ चेहरा (tired face)

थकी हुई आँखें (tired eyes)

थका हुआ महसूस करना (to feel tired)

काम से थका (tired from work)

यात्रा से थका (tired from travel)

थका हुआ शरीर (tired body)

ज़रा सा थका (a little tired)

Häufige Phrasen

थक कर चूर होना (to be extremely tired)

थक हार कर (after being exhausted/giving up)

थके पाँव (with tired feet)

थकी हुई मुस्कान (a tired smile)

थके हुए लोग (tired people)

मैं थक गया (I got tired)

क्या तुम थके हो? (Are you tired?)

वह थकी लग रही है (She looks tired)

थका हुआ मन (tired mind)

दिन भर का थका (tired from the whole day)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

थका vs ऊबना (uubnā - to be bored)

थका vs परेशान (pareshān - worried/annoyed)

थका vs बीमार (bīmār - sick)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

Leicht verwechselbar

थका vs तका (takā)

थका vs टका (ṭakā)

थका vs थकान (thakān)

थका vs थकाऊ (thakāū)

थका vs ठगा (ṭhagā)

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

respect

Always use 'thake' for elders, even if masculine singular.

gender neutrality

In plural 'thake' is used for mixed groups.

Häufige Fehler

Tipps

Agreement is Key

Always look at the subject. If it's a girl, it's 'thakī'. If it's a boy, it's 'thakā'.

The 'H' sound

Make sure you breathe out when saying 'th'. It's not 'taka', it's 'th-aka'.

Use Intensifiers

Add 'bahut' (very) or 'bilkul' (completely) to sound more like a native.

Mental Fatigue

You can say 'Dimāgh thak gayā hai' to mean your brain is tired.

Polite Declining

Use 'Main thoda thaka hoon' to politely say no to an invitation.

State vs Action

Use 'thakā hoon' for 'I am tired' and 'thak gayā' for 'I got tired'.

Catch the 'Huā'

Natives almost always add 'huā' after 'thakā'. Listen for it!

Thak-haar kar

Use this phrase when you want to say you've tried everything and are now exhausted.

Dental T

The 'th' is dental, meaning your tongue touches your teeth.

Daily Check

At the end of the day, say 'Main thakā hoon' to practice!

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Kultureller Kontext

Chai and 'Malish' (massage) are traditional Indian remedies for being 'thakā'.

Being 'thakā' is often seen as a badge of honor for workers.

Offering water to a 'thakā' person is a basic tenet of Indian hospitality.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"क्या आप आज थके हुए हैं?"

"इतने काम के बाद क्या तुम थकी नहीं?"

"तुम थके लग रहे हो, क्या बात है?"

"थका हुआ होने पर आप क्या करते हैं?"

"क्या वह यात्रा से थका हुआ है?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

लिखिए कि आप कब सबसे ज़्यादा थका हुआ महसूस करते हैं।

एक थके हुए मुसाफ़िर की कहानी लिखिए।

थकान दूर करने के लिए आप क्या करते हैं?

क्या आप मानसिक रूप से थके हैं या शारीरिक रूप से?

अपने सबसे थके हुए दिन के बारे में बताइए।

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, 'thakā' is for physical or mental energy loss. For a boring movie, use 'uubāū' (boring) or say 'Main uub gayā' (I got bored).

They are mostly interchangeable, but 'thakā huā' emphasizes the current state of being tired more strongly.

Don't use 'thakā'. Say 'Main tumse pareshān hoon' or 'Main tumse tang aa gayā hoon'.

Rarely. It's almost always for living beings. For an old machine, use 'purānī' or 'bekār'.

It is 'thakī'. The feminine form doesn't change for plural (e.g., 'Ladkiyān thakī hain').

It is neutral and can be used in any setting. 'Shrānt' is the formal alternative.

It's related, but for sleepy specifically, use 'neend aa rahi hai'.

It means 'exhausted and worn out,' usually after a long struggle or journey.

Thak mat jaana (informal) or Thakiyega mat (formal).

No, the noun is 'thakān' or 'thakāvaṭ'.