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B2 noun #7,000 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

煤煙

baien Top 7,000

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At the A1 level, '煤煙' (baien) is a very difficult word because it is technical and specific. Most beginners only need to know the word '煙' (kemuri), which means smoke. However, if you are looking at pictures of old trains or big factories, you might see this word. Think of it as 'dirty smoke' from a big machine. You don't need to use this word in your own speaking yet, but if you see it, just remember it means smoke that has black dust in it. It is usually something bad for the air. For example, 'The factory has smoke.' In Japanese, you could say 'Koujou ni baien ga arimasu.' It's a formal way to say the smoke is thick and black.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more about society and the environment. '煤煙' (baien) is a word that appears in simple news stories about air pollution. It is made of two parts: 'soot' (susu) and 'smoke' (kemuri). When you see a factory chimney (entotsu) with black clouds coming out, that is '煤煙'. You might use it to describe why a city is not clean. For example, 'The city was dirty because of soot and smoke.' In Japanese: 'Machi wa baien de yogorete imashita.' It is more specific than just 'smoke' because it tells us there is black powder (soot) that makes things dirty.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that '煤煙' (baien) is a formal term used in reports and history. You might encounter it when studying the history of Japan's industrialization. It is often linked to '公害' (kougai - pollution). For instance, in the 1960s, many Japanese cities suffered from '煤煙被害' (baien higai - damage from soot and smoke). You should be able to recognize it in a reading passage about the environment. You can use it to distinguish between natural smoke (like from a volcano) and industrial smoke. It highlights the human-made, pollutant nature of the substance.

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At the B2 level, '煤煙' (baien) is a word you should be able to use correctly in essays or formal discussions about the environment. You should know common collocations like '煤煙規制' (soot and smoke regulation) and '煤煙濃度' (concentration of soot and smoke). You understand that this word implies incomplete combustion (不完全燃焼). When discussing global warming or urban health, '煤煙' is the precise term to describe the particulate matter and smoke emitted by heavy industry. You can explain the difference between '煙' (general smoke) and '煤煙' (technical/industrial soot-smoke) to others.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the nuances of '煤煙' (baien). You recognize it not just as a physical substance, but as a legal and historical concept. You can discuss the 'Soot and Smoke Control Law' (煤煙規制法) of 1962 and its role in Japanese environmental policy. You are comfortable using the word in professional contexts, such as engineering, law, or high-level environmental advocacy. You can also appreciate its use in literature to evoke the atmosphere of the Meiji era's industrial push. Your usage reflects an awareness of the technical distinction between gaseous pollutants and particulate matter.

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At the C2 level, '煤煙' (baien) is part of your specialized vocabulary. You can use it fluently in complex debates about carbon sequestration, atmospheric chemistry, or the history of urban planning. You understand the subtle differences between '煤煙', '粉塵' (dust), and '降下ばいじん' (falling soot and dust). You can interpret the word's connotations in various registers, from its dry use in a technical manual to its evocative use in a historical novel. You are capable of explaining the chemical process of how 煤煙 is formed and the specific technological methods used to mitigate it in modern industrial facilities.

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煤煙 in 30 Sekunden

A formal term for the combination of soot and smoke, typically from industrial sources.
Commonly used in environmental science and historical contexts regarding air pollution.
Implies a dirty, particulate-heavy discharge resulting from incomplete fuel combustion.
Essential for discussing Japanese environmental laws and the history of industrialization.

The Japanese term 煤煙 (ばいえん - baien) is a technical and formal noun that refers to the combination of soot and smoke. Unlike the common word for smoke, 煙 (kemuri), which can describe anything from a cigarette to a campfire, 煤煙 specifically targets the black, particulate-heavy discharge resulting from the incomplete combustion of fuels like coal, oil, or wood. In a modern context, it is most frequently encountered in discussions regarding environmental science, industrial regulations, and urban history. When you see this word, think of the dark clouds billowing from a 19th-century factory chimney or the residue left behind by a heavy-duty diesel engine. It encapsulates both the visible gas (smoke) and the physical carbon particles (soot) that settle on surfaces.

Environmental Context: Used when discussing air pollution (大気汚染) and the legal limits of industrial discharge.
Historical Context: Often appears in literature or history books describing the Industrial Revolution in Japan, particularly the 'City of Smoke' (煙の都) era of Osaka.

工場の煙突から黒い煤煙が立ち上がっている。 (Black soot and smoke are rising from the factory chimney.)

The nuance of 煤煙 is heavy and dirty. It implies a lack of filtration and a direct impact on air quality. While a scientist might use it to describe the chemical makeup of an exhaust stream, a resident of a polluted city might use it to describe the grime that accumulates on their windowsills. It is a word that carries the weight of industrialization—both its progress and its consequences. In the Meiji and Showa eras, 煤煙 was seen as a symbol of economic might, but today, it is almost exclusively viewed as a pollutant to be controlled and eliminated through technology like scrubbers and filters.

煤煙規制法は1962年に制定されました。 (The Soot and Smoke Control Law was enacted in 1962.)

Structurally, the word is composed of 煤 (susu), meaning soot, and 煙 (kemuri), meaning smoke. This compound nature makes it very clear that the substance is not just a gas but contains solid matter. This distinction is crucial in engineering and environmental law because the removal of 'soot' requires different technology (like electrostatic precipitators) than the treatment of gaseous pollutants. Therefore, using 煤煙 identifies you as someone who understands the physical properties of the pollution being discussed.

Visual Imagery: Think of a steam locomotive (SL) puffing out thick, dark clouds. That specific mixture is the essence of 煤煙.

蒸気機関車が吐き出す煤煙で、洗濯物が汚れてしまった。 (The laundry got dirty because of the soot and smoke spit out by the steam locomotive.)

Using 煤煙 (baien) correctly requires placing it in contexts related to industry, environmental impact, or historical descriptions of machinery. It is almost always the subject or object of verbs related to emission (排出する - haishutsu suru), spreading (広がる - hirogaru), or regulation (規制する - kisei suru). Because it is a formal Sino-Japanese compound (kango), it fits naturally into academic papers, news broadcasts, and official reports. However, using it in casual conversation might make you sound overly technical unless you are specifically complaining about industrial pollution in your neighborhood.

近隣の工場から出る煤煙の被害を訴える住民が増えている。 (An increasing number of residents are complaining about damage caused by soot and smoke coming from nearby factories.)

In this sentence, notice how 煤煙 is linked with '被害' (higai - damage). This is a common pairing because the physical nature of soot causes tangible harm to health and property. Unlike 'smoke' which might just smell bad, 煤煙 leaves a physical residue. When constructing sentences, you can use it as a noun modifying other nouns using 'の'. For example, 煤煙問題 (baien mondai - the soot and smoke problem) or 煤煙濃度 (baien noudo - soot and smoke concentration).

Common Verb Pairings: 煤煙を吐く (haku - to spit out/emit), 煤煙に覆われる (oowareru - to be covered in), 煤煙を測定する (sokutei suru - to measure).

かつてのロンドンは、ひどい煤煙に覆われていた。 (London of the past was covered in terrible soot and smoke.)

When discussing technical solutions, you might use the word in the context of filtration. '煤煙除去装置' (baien jokyo souchi) refers to a soot and smoke removal device. In these contexts, the word remains strictly a noun. It does not typically function as a suru-verb. Instead, you describe the actions of actors (factories, engines) upon the 煤煙 or the state of the environment containing it.

このボイラーは、煤煙の発生を最小限に抑える設計になっている。 (This boiler is designed to minimize the generation of soot and smoke.)

While you won't hear a child shouting 'look at the 煤煙!' at a park (they would say 'kemuri'), you will encounter this word frequently in specific professional and educational settings. In Japan, environmental education is a significant part of the curriculum, and 煤煙 is a key term when students learn about the high economic growth period (高度経済成長期) and the resulting pollution issues like Yokkaichi Asthma. Therefore, a Japanese person will likely associate this word with 'kogai' (公害 - public nuisance/pollution).

News and Media: Reports on industrial accidents, air quality indices, and international climate summits often use 煤煙 to describe carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants.
Documentaries: Historical documentaries about the development of the Japanese rail system or the history of Tokyo's industrial districts.

ニュース番組で、「煤煙排出基準」の改定が報じられた。 (The revision of 'soot and smoke emission standards' was reported on the news program.)

Another common place to hear this word is in the tourism industry, specifically regarding 'Steam Locomotives' (SL). Japan has several preserved steam train lines (like the Oigawa Railway). When these trains run, staff or enthusiasts might mention the 煤煙. They might warn passengers not to lean out of the window to avoid the soot getting in their eyes. In this case, the word has a slightly nostalgic, though still descriptive, tone.

SL列車の旅では、窓から入る煤煙も旅情の一部だ。 (On a steam locomotive trip, the soot and smoke coming through the window is also part of the travel atmosphere.)

Finally, you will see it in legal and administrative documents. If you are involved in real estate or factory management in Japan, the 'Air Pollution Control Act' (大気汚染防止法) defines 煤煙 as a specific category of substances including sulfur oxides, soot, and dust. Here, it's not just a word; it's a legal definition that determines whether a business is in compliance with the law.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 煤煙 (baien) is using it too casually or confusing it with its simpler components. Many students use 煙 (kemuri) for everything, which is safe but lacks precision in a professional setting. Conversely, using 煤煙 to describe the smoke from a cigarette or a small incense stick (線香) sounds bizarre and overly dramatic. 煤煙 implies a large-scale or industrial volume of particulate-rich smoke.

Over-specification: Using '煤煙' when you only mean the physical black powder. In that case, use '煤' (susu - soot). If you only mean the gaseous cloud, use '煙' (kemuri - smoke).

× タバコの煤煙が目に染みる。 (Incorrect: The 'soot and smoke' of the cigarette stings my eyes.)
○ タバコの煙が目に染みる。 (Correct: The smoke of the cigarette stings my eyes.)

Another mistake is pronunciation. The first kanji 煤 (susu) is often read as 'bai' in this compound, which is its on-yomi. Learners might try to read it as 'susu-kemuri', which is not a standard word. Always remember the on-yomi reading 'bai-en'. Also, be careful not to confuse 煤 (soot) with 媒介 (baikai - mediation) or other kanji that share the 'bai' sound but have different meanings.

× 暖炉の煤煙を掃除する。 (Incorrect usage: To clean the 'soot and smoke' of the fireplace.)
○ 暖炉の煤を掃除する。 (Correct: To clean the soot of the fireplace.)

Finally, remember that 煤煙 is a noun. You cannot say '煤煙する' (to soot-and-smoke). If you want to say something is emitting soot and smoke, you must use a verb like '排出する' (haishutsu suru) or '出す' (dasu). Understanding the grammatical limitations of this technical term will help you sound more like a native speaker in formal writing.

Understanding the family of words related to 'smoke' and 'pollution' will help you choose the right term for the right situation. While 煤煙 (baien) is specific to industrial soot-smoke, other words cover the spectrum from fine dust to exhaust fumes.

煙 (Kemuri): The general word for smoke. Use this for cigarettes, campfires, and general visual descriptions. It is much more common in daily life.
煤 (Susu): Specifically refers to the black powder (soot). You clean 'susu' off a wall; you don't clean 'baien' off a wall (as baien includes the smoke part).
排気ガス (Haiki Gasu): Exhaust gas. This is the standard term for what comes out of cars and buses. While it can contain soot, 'haiki gasu' focuses on the gaseous emission from an internal combustion engine.
黒煙 (Kokuen): Literally 'black smoke'. This is more descriptive and less technical than 'baien'. You would use this in a dramatic story: 'A pillar of black smoke (黒煙) rose into the sky.'

工場の煤煙は環境基準を超えていた。 (The factory's soot and smoke exceeded environmental standards.)

In environmental science, you might also hear '粉塵' (funjin), which refers to fine dust or airborne particles. While 煤煙 is specifically from burning, 粉塵 can be from construction or sand. Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to emphasize the source (burning = 煤煙), the color (black = 黒煙), the physical state (powder = 煤), or the general phenomenon (smoke = 煙).

トラックが激しい黒煙を上げながら走り去った。 (The truck drove away while raising intense black smoke.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

During the Meiji era, the word was sometimes used positively in songs to celebrate Japan's modernization, as 'rising smoke' meant 'rising economy'.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /baɪ.en/

US /baɪ.ɛn/

The stress is even across both syllables, as is typical for Japanese kango.

Reimt sich auf

Saien (菜園 - vegetable garden) Kaien (開園 - opening of a park) Taien (退園 - leaving a kindergarten) Gaien (外苑 - outer garden) Keien (敬遠 - keeping at a distance) Seien (声援 - cheering) Reien (霊園 - cemetery) Teien (庭園 - garden)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing it as 'susu-kemuri' (mixing kun-yomi).
Stressing the first syllable too heavily.
Confusing the 'bai' sound with 'bae' (like in 'instabae').
Mispronouncing 'en' as 'an'.
Shortening the 'ai' diphthong in 'bai'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

The kanji for 'susu' is rare and complex for learners.

Schreiben 5/5

Writing '煤' and '煙' correctly requires many strokes and precision.

Sprechen 3/5

The pronunciation 'baien' is easy, but the word is technical.

Hören 3/5

Distinct sound, but can be confused with other 'bai' words if context is missing.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

煙 (kemuri) 火 (hi) 工場 (koujou) 空気 (kuuki) 汚い (kitanai)

Als Nächstes lernen

公害 (kougai) 排出 (haishutsu) 規制 (kisei) 濃度 (noudo) 環境 (kankyou)

Fortgeschritten

不完全燃焼 (fukanzen nenshou) 硫黄酸化物 (iou sankabutsu) 集塵機 (shuujinki)

Wichtige Grammatik

〜による (Cause/Reason)

煤煙による大気汚染が深刻だ。

〜をめぐって (Concerning/Around)

煤煙の排出をめぐって議論が起きている。

〜に伴い (Along with)

工場の稼働に伴い、煤煙が発生する。

〜を対象とする (Targeting)

この法律は、煤煙を出す施設を対象としている。

〜おそれがある (Fear that...)

基準を超えた煤煙が排出されるおそれがある。

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Beispiele nach Niveau

こうじょうのばいえんは、くろいです。

The factory's soot and smoke is black.

Simple noun + particle + adjective structure.

ばいえんで、そらがくらくなります。

The sky becomes dark because of soot and smoke.

Using 'de' to indicate cause.

でんしゃのばいえんをみました。

I saw the train's soot and smoke.

Direct object with 'wo'.

ばいえんは、からだにわるいです。

Soot and smoke are bad for the body.

Topic marker 'wa' and 'ni' for target.

ばいえんが、でています。

Soot and smoke are coming out.

Present continuous state with 'te-imasu'.

あのばいえんは、なんですか。

What is that soot and smoke?

Question form.

ばいえんが、きらいです。

I hate soot and smoke.

Stating a dislike.

ばいえんのない、きれいなまちです。

It is a clean town without soot and smoke.

Negative 'nai' modifying a noun.

昔の大阪は、煤煙が多かったです。

Old Osaka had a lot of soot and smoke.

Past tense 'ookatta'.

工場の煙突から、煤煙が出ています。

Soot and smoke are coming out of the factory chimney.

Using 'kara' for source.

煤煙のせいで、窓が汚れました。

The window got dirty because of the soot and smoke.

'no sei de' for negative cause.

このバスは、煤煙をたくさん出します。

This bus emits a lot of soot and smoke.

Standard transitive verb usage.

煤煙を吸うと、咳が出ます。

When you breathe in soot and smoke, you cough.

Conditional 'to'.

煤煙は、空気の汚れの一つです。

Soot and smoke are one type of air pollution.

Noun + no + noun structure.

煤煙を減らすために、木を植えます。

In order to reduce soot and smoke, we plant trees.

'tame ni' for purpose.

煤煙のない空は、とても青いです。

The sky without soot and smoke is very blue.

Noun modification.

近所の工場が、夜間に煤煙を排出している。

The nearby factory is emitting soot and smoke at night.

Formal verb 'haishutsu suru'.

煤煙の問題を解決するために、新しい法律ができました。

A new law was created to solve the problem of soot and smoke.

Passive form 'dekita'.

蒸気機関車の煤煙は、観光客に人気があります。

The soot and smoke from steam locomotives are popular with tourists.

Compound noun structure.

煤煙による健康被害が報告されています。

Health damage caused by soot and smoke is being reported.

'ni yoru' meaning 'caused by'.

この地域では、煤煙の濃度を毎日測っています。

In this area, the concentration of soot and smoke is measured every day.

Measuring nouns.

煤煙をフィルターで取り除く技術が進化しました。

Technology to remove soot and smoke with filters has evolved.

Verb phrase modifying a noun.

石炭を燃やすと、大量の煤煙が発生します。

When coal is burned, a large amount of soot and smoke is generated.

Intransitive verb 'hassei suru'.

煤煙の被害を受けた住民が、裁判を起こした。

Residents who suffered damage from soot and smoke filed a lawsuit.

Relative clause.

煤煙規制法の施行により、大気の状態が改善された。

With the enforcement of the Soot and Smoke Control Law, the state of the atmosphere improved.

'ni yori' for means/cause.

不完全燃焼が起こると、有害な煤煙が発生しやすくなる。

When incomplete combustion occurs, harmful soot and smoke are likely to be generated.

'-yasuku naru' indicating tendency.

その工場は、煤煙排出基準を大幅に上回っていた。

That factory significantly exceeded the soot and smoke emission standards.

'uwamawaru' meaning to exceed.

煤煙の中に含まれる微粒子が、肺に悪影響を及ぼす。

Fine particles contained in soot and smoke have a negative effect on the lungs.

'akueikyou wo oyobosu' is a fixed expression.

環境省は、煤煙の排出抑制を呼びかけている。

The Ministry of the Environment is calling for the suppression of soot and smoke emissions.

Formal administrative language.

ディーゼル車から出る煤煙は、都市部の環境問題だ。

Soot and smoke from diesel vehicles are an environmental issue in urban areas.

Defining a problem.

煤煙による洗濯物の汚れは、住民の大きな悩みだった。

Stains on laundry caused by soot and smoke were a major concern for residents.

Focus on social issues.

高度経済成長期の日本では、煤煙が繁栄の象徴でもあった。

In Japan during the period of high economic growth, soot and smoke were also symbols of prosperity.

Historical nuance.

煤煙の拡散予測シミュレーションを行い、対策を講じる。

We will conduct a soot and smoke diffusion prediction simulation and take measures.

Technical/Scientific register.

排出される煤煙の成分を分析し、環境負荷を評価する。

Analyze the components of the emitted soot and smoke and evaluate the environmental load.

Evaluation terminology.

煤煙処理装置の故障が、周辺住民への被害を招いた。

A failure of the soot and smoke treatment equipment led to damage to local residents.

'wo maneita' meaning 'brought about' (usually negative).

法的規制の強化に伴い、企業の煤煙対策が急務となっている。

With the strengthening of legal regulations, corporate soot and smoke countermeasures have become an urgent task.

'ni tomonai' meaning 'along with'.

明治時代の文学作品には、煤煙が立ち並ぶ工場の描写が多い。

There are many descriptions of factories lined with soot and smoke in Meiji era literary works.

Literary analysis.

煤煙に含まれる硫黄酸化物は、酸性雨の原因となる。

Sulfur oxides contained in soot and smoke cause acid rain.

Scientific causal link.

自治体は独自の煤煙排出基準を設け、厳格に運用している。

Local governments have established their own soot and smoke emission standards and are operating them strictly.

Administrative precision.

煤煙の粒子サイズをナノレベルで制御する技術が研究されている。

Technology to control the particle size of soot and smoke at the nano level is being researched.

Advanced engineering context.

煤煙の発生源特定における同位体分析の有効性を検証する。

Verify the effectiveness of isotope analysis in identifying the source of soot and smoke.

Highly academic register.

地球規模での煤煙輸送メカニズムが、北極圏の氷床融解に寄与している。

Global-scale soot and smoke transport mechanisms are contributing to the melting of Arctic ice sheets.

Global environmental context.

産業革命期から現代に至るまでの、煤煙に対する社会的受容性の変遷を考察する。

Examine the transition of social acceptance of soot and smoke from the Industrial Revolution to the present day.

Sociological/Historical analysis.

煤煙規制の不備が、公衆衛生上の重大なリスクを露呈させた。

Deficiencies in soot and smoke regulation exposed significant public health risks.

Critical analysis.

高度な集塵技術により、煤煙中の有害物質をほぼ完全に捕捉することが可能となった。

Advanced dust collection technology has made it possible to almost completely capture harmful substances in soot and smoke.

Technical achievement.

煤煙問題を巡る国際的な法整備の現状と課題を整理する。

Organize the current status and issues of international legal frameworks surrounding the soot and smoke problem.

International law register.

大気力学に基づいた煤煙の移流拡散方程式を解く。

Solve the advection-diffusion equation for soot and smoke based on atmospheric dynamics.

Mathematical/Scientific context.

煤煙の堆積物が考古学的な年代測定の指標として利用されることもある。

Soot and smoke deposits are sometimes used as indicators for archaeological dating.

Interdisciplinary application.

Synonyme

煙煤黒煙排気粉塵スモッグ煙塵排出物

Gegenteile

清浄な空気無煙浄化澄んだ空

Häufige Kollokationen

煤煙を排出する

煤煙規制法

煤煙の被害

煤煙濃度

煤煙除去装置

煤煙を吐く

煤煙に覆われる

煤煙問題

煤煙排出基準

煤煙が立ち上がる

Häufige Phrasen

煤煙の都

— A nickname for Osaka during its industrial peak, meaning 'City of Smoke'.

かつての大阪は煤煙の都と呼ばれた。

煤煙を浴びる

— To be showered or covered in soot and smoke.

SLの近くで煤煙を浴びてしまった。

煤煙が目に染みる

— The soot and smoke stings one's eyes.

立ち込める煤煙が目に染みる。

煤煙を吸い込む

— To inhale soot and smoke.

煤煙を吸い込まないように注意する。

煤煙が立ち込める

— Soot and smoke hanging thick in the air.

トンネルの中に煤煙が立ち込めた。

煤煙の粒子

— The particles that make up the soot.

煤煙の粒子が肺に届く。

煤煙による汚れ

— Dirt or stains caused by soot and smoke.

煤煙による汚れを落とす。

煤煙と騒音

— Soot/smoke and noise (common twin complaints against factories).

住民は煤煙と騒音に悩まされている。

煤煙の拡散

— The spreading of soot and smoke through the air.

煤煙の拡散をシミュレーションする。

煤煙の色

— The color of the soot and smoke (usually black or dark grey).

煤煙の色で燃焼状態がわかる。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

煤煙 vs 排気ガス

Exhaust gas from cars, whereas baien is usually from chimneys or boilers.

煤煙 vs 黒煙

A visual description (black smoke), while baien is a technical category (soot + smoke).

煤煙 vs 粉塵

Airborne dust, which may not be from burning, unlike baien.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"煤煙を吐く"

— While literal, it is used metaphorically for something old or inefficient.

あの古い車は煤煙を吐きながら走っている。

Informal

"煤煙に巻かれる"

— To be surrounded and confused by smoke (similar to 'smoke and mirrors').

議論が煤煙に巻かれて本質が見えない。

Metaphorical

"煤煙の向こう側"

— Refers to looking past the immediate pollution/struggle to the future.

煤煙の向こう側に新しい時代が見えた。

Literary

"煤煙を食う"

— To suffer the negative consequences of industrialization.

庶民が工場の煤煙を食わされる形となった。

Social Critique

"煤煙に沈む"

— To be obscured or forgotten within the industrial landscape.

古い町並みが煤煙に沈んでいった。

Literary

"煤煙を散らす"

— To cause a mess or pollution recklessly.

無責任に煤煙を散らしてはいけない。

General

"煤煙の洗礼"

— The 'baptism' of soot and smoke (first experience of industrial life).

都会に出て煤煙の洗礼を受けた。

Literary

"煤煙を断つ"

— To stop pollution at its source.

根本から煤煙を断つ決意だ。

Formal

"煤煙を友とする"

— To live in an industrial environment (often said of workers).

彼は長年、工場の煤煙を友としてきた。

Literary

"煤煙の壁"

— A thick barrier of smoke/soot preventing visibility or progress.

煤煙の壁が視界を遮っている。

Descriptive

Leicht verwechselbar

煤煙 vs 媒介 (baikai)

Similar 'bai' sound.

Baikai means mediation or transmission (like a disease vector), completely unrelated to smoke.

蚊が病気を媒介する。

煤煙 vs 背景 (haikei)

Similar sounding to some learners.

Haikei means background (visual or situational).

事件の背景を調査する。

煤煙 vs 培地 (baichi)

Technical term starting with 'bai'.

Baichi is a culture medium for bacteria.

細菌を培地で育てる。

煤煙 vs 倍増 (baizou)

Common word starting with 'bai'.

Baizou means to double in amount.

売り上げが倍増した。

煤煙 vs 売買 (baibai)

Repetitive 'bai' sound.

Baibai means buying and selling (trading).

土地の売買を行う。

Satzmuster

[Place]は煤煙で汚れています。

この町は煤煙で汚れています。

[Source]から煤煙が出ています。

船の煙突から煤煙が出ています。

煤煙のせいで[Negative Result]。

煤煙のせいで空が見えません。

煤煙を[Verb]ために[Action]。

煤煙を減らすためにフィルターをつけます。

煤煙に含まれる[Substance]が[Effect]。

煤煙に含まれる成分が健康を害する。

煤煙規制の[Noun]が[Verb]。

煤煙規制の強化が求められている。

煤煙の[Technical Noun]を[Action]。

煤煙の拡散範囲を予測する。

煤煙問題を[Perspective]から考察する。

煤煙問題を歴史的視点から考察する。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

煤 (susu)

煙 (kemuri)

煤塵 (baijin)

煙突 (entotsu)

Verben

煙る (kemuru)

燻る (kuyuru)

燻製にする (kunsei ni suru)

Adjektive

煙い (kemui)

煙たい (kemutai)

Verwandt

大気汚染 (taiki osen)

公害 (kougai)

不完全燃焼 (fukanzen nenshou)

排気 (haiki)

環境基準 (kankyou kijun)

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frequency

Occurs frequently in news, textbooks, and technical manuals, but rarely in casual daily chatter.

Häufige Fehler

Using '煤煙' for a cigarette. → タバコの煙 (tabako no kemuri)
煤煙 is too technical and large-scale for a cigarette.
Saying '煤煙する'. → 煤煙を出す (baien wo dasu)
煤煙 is a noun and cannot be turned into a verb with 'suru'.
Reading it as 'susu-kemuri'. → ばいえん (baien)
Compound words usually use the on-yomi (Sino-Japanese) readings.
Confusing 煤煙 with 灰 (hai - ash). → 煤煙 (smoke/soot) vs 灰 (ash)
Ash is the solid remains left in the grate, while 煤煙 is what goes up the chimney.
Writing the fire radical as 'water' by mistake. → 火 (fire radical)
Since smoke comes from fire, the radical must be fire.

Tipps

Radical Recognition

Both kanji in 煤煙 have the 'Fire' (火) radical. This helps you remember it's related to burning.

Pair with Pollution

Learn '煤煙' alongside '公害' (pollution) and '大気' (atmosphere) for a complete set of environmental vocab.

On-yomi Only

In this compound, always use the 'bai' and 'en' readings. Don't try to use 'susu' or 'kemuri'.

News Watch

If you hear 'baien' on the news, pay attention to the numbers; they are usually talking about emission levels.

Stroke Order

The kanji for 煙 (smoke) is very common; master it first, then move on to the more complex 煤 (soot).

Formal Situations

Use this word in presentations about technology or history to impress your audience with your specific vocabulary.

Historical Awareness

Understand that for older Japanese people, '煤煙' reminds them of the era when Japan was rebuilding its economy.

Chemical Links

Think of 煤煙 as 'Carbon + Gas' to remember the meaning of the two kanji components.

Sentence Building

Practice writing sentences about a factory chimney to lock in the most common usage pattern.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a **BA**d **I**ndustrial **EN**vironment. **BAI-EN** is the bad stuff (soot and smoke) that makes it bad.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a tall black chimney (煙) covered in black dust (煤). The whole cloud coming out is 煤煙.

Word Web

Factory Pollution Chimney Black Lungs Law History Coal

Herausforderung

Try to find a photo of a 19th-century factory and describe it using '煤煙' three times to a friend.

Wortherkunft

Composed of two kanji: '煤' (soot) and '煙' (smoke). It is a Sino-Japanese word (kango) that entered the language to provide a more technical description of combustion byproducts.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The combination of solid carbon particles and gaseous fumes from fire.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Kultureller Kontext

Be respectful when discussing 煤煙 in the context of health victims (公害患者).

Equivalent to 'soot and smoke' or 'industrial emissions'. In the UK, it evokes the 'Great Smog of London'.

Soot and Smoke Control Law (1962) The movie 'Always: Sunset on Third Street' (depicts Showa era smoke) Natsume Soseki's 'Sanshiro' (mentions the smoke of Tokyo)

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Industrial Pollution

煤煙規制
排出基準
健康被害
周辺住民

History of Industrialization

石炭利用
蒸気機関車
煙の都
高度経済成長

Environmental Law

大気汚染防止法
法的措置
改善勧告
測定義務

Steam Locomotives (SL)

SLの旅
煤煙を浴びる
石炭の匂い
トンネルの煙

Atmospheric Science

微粒子
拡散モデル
成分分析
沈降速度

Gesprächseinstiege

"昔の日本の都市は、煤煙がひどかったそうですね。"

"工場の煤煙を減らすためには、どんな技術が必要だと思いますか？"

"蒸気機関車の煤煙は、懐かしいと感じますか、それとも汚いと感じますか？"

"最近、近所で煤煙を出しているような場所はありますか？"

"煤煙規制法ができてから、日本の空は本当にきれいになったのでしょうか。"

Tagebuch-Impulse

もし自分が100年前の煤煙だらけの街に住んでいたら、どのような生活をしていたか想像して書いてください。

環境保護と経済発展のバランスについて、煤煙問題を例に挙げて自分の考えを述べてください。

あなたが知っている空気のきれいな場所と、煤煙などの汚染がある場所を比較して説明してください。

将来、煤煙が全く出ない世界を作るためには何が必要だと思いますか？

SL（蒸気機関車）に乗ったことがある、または乗りたい理由について、煤煙の描写を含めて書いてください。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, it can also refer to smoke from steam locomotives, large ships, or any large-scale combustion that produces soot. However, factories are the most common context.

It would be very unusual. 'Kemuri' is the appropriate word for a barbecue. Using '煤煙' implies a level of pollution and industrial scale that doesn't fit a cookout.

Yes, by definition, 煤 (susu) is soot, which is black carbon. If the smoke is white (mostly steam), it is usually not called 煤煙.

It consists of the 'fire' radical on the left and 'something' on the right. A good way to remember is that it looks like something being burned until it turns into a black substance.

While much better than in the 1960s, it is still monitored strictly. Modern factories use high-tech filters to ensure almost no 煤煙 is released into the atmosphere.

煤煙 is a broader, traditional term for visible soot and smoke. PM2.5 refers specifically to fine particulate matter (2.5 micrometers or less), which can be a component of 煤煙 but is a more modern, microscopic measurement.

It is most likely to appear in N1 or N2 reading passages, particularly those concerning the environment or history.

No, it is strictly a noun. You must use it with a verb like '排出する' (emit) or '発生する' (occur).

Because it describes a physical mixture. '煤' (soot) is the solid part and '煙' (smoke) is the gaseous part. Together they form '煤煙'.

Only in a historical or nostalgic sense, such as describing the powerful atmosphere of an old steam train. In almost all other cases, it has a negative connotation of pollution.

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