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A2 particle 13 Min. Lesezeit

~대해

daehae

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At the A1 level, you are just beginning to build simple sentences. The particle '-에 대해' might seem a bit long, but you can think of it as a single word that means 'about.' Imagine you want to tell someone what you are thinking or talking about. In English, you use 'about.' In Korean, you attach '-에 대해' to the noun. For example, if you like a movie and want to talk about it, you say '영화(movie) + 에 대해 + 이야기해요(talk).' This is very helpful because it allows you to explain the topic of your conversation. Without it, you could only say 'I talk movie,' which doesn't sound right. At this stage, just remember that it always comes after a noun and before a verb like '말해요' (talk), '생각해요' (think), or '물어봐요' (ask). Don't worry about the longer version '-에 대해서' yet; just focus on '-에 대해.' It's like a bridge that connects your topic to your action. Practice with simple nouns like '가족' (family), '친구' (friend), or '취미' (hobby). If you can say '취미에 대해 말해요' (I talk about my hobby), you have already mastered a very important part of Korean! Just remember to always keep the '에' in there, or it won't work properly. It's a small building block that makes your Korean sound much more like a real sentence.

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At the A2 level, you should start to distinguish between the two main forms: '-에 대해' and '-에 대한.' This is a common point of confusion, but the rule is actually quite simple. You use '-에 대해' when you are following it with a verb. For example: '한국에 대해 공부해요' (I study about Korea). Here, '공부해요' is a verb. However, if you want to describe a noun using 'about,' you must use '-에 대한.' For example: '한국에 대한 책' (A book about Korea). Here, '책' is a noun. Think of '-에 대한' as an adjective form of 'about.' This distinction is very important because it allows you to create more complex phrases. You will also start to notice the form '-에 대해서.' The '-서' doesn't change the meaning, but it makes the sentence feel a bit more complete in spoken Korean. You'll hear this a lot in classroom settings or when people are explaining their interests. You should also be careful not to use '-에 대해' when you mean 'approximately' (like 'about 5 o'clock'). For time or quantity, you should use '쯤' or '정도.' '-에 대해' is only for 'concerning a topic.' By mastering these two points—the verb/noun distinction and the topical usage—you will be able to express yourself much more clearly and accurately in daily life situations.

As a B1 learner, you are moving into more abstract topics and more formal situations. You will find '-에 대해' used frequently in discussions about social issues, personal opinions, and professional tasks. At this level, you should be comfortable using the emphatic form '-에 대해서는.' By adding the topic marker '-는' to the end, you are highlighting the subject, often to contrast it with something else or to provide a specific opinion. For example: '그 문제에 대해서는 아직 잘 모르겠습니다' (As for that problem, I don't know well yet). This adds a layer of nuance to your speech. You will also start to encounter the more formal version '-에 대하여' in written materials like news articles or simplified academic texts. It's important to recognize this as the same 'about' but in a more 'serious' tone. You should also start comparing '-에 대해' with '-에 관해.' While they are similar, '-에 관해' is slightly more formal and is often used when discussing a specific field of study or a formal report. Practice using '-에 대해' with more complex verbs like '조사하다' (to investigate), '발표하다' (to present), or '고민하다' (to worry/deliberate). This will help you engage in deeper conversations and express more sophisticated thoughts in Korean, moving beyond simple daily routines into the world of ideas and professional interaction.

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At the B2 level, precision becomes key. You should now be able to choose between '-에 대해,' '-에 관해,' and '-을/를 두고' based on the specific context and desired nuance. You'll notice that '-에 대해' is the most versatile, but in formal presentations or academic writing, '-에 대하여' or '-에 관하여' are the standard. You should pay close attention to how these particles are used in the media. For instance, in a debate, speakers might use '-을/를 두고' to emphasize that they are arguing 'over' a specific point. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to interpret the tone of a speaker or writer more accurately. You should also be proficient in using '-에 대한' to create long, complex noun phrases. For example: '인간관계에 대한 그의 생각은 매우 독특하다' (His thoughts about human relationships are very unique). Here, the entire phrase '인간관계에 대한 그의 생각' acts as the subject of the sentence. Furthermore, you should explore how '-에 대해' interacts with other grammar points, such as '-에 대해 이야기하자면' (Speaking of...) or '-에 대해 알다시피' (As you know about...). These structures allow you to manage the flow of discourse more effectively. Your goal at this level is to use these particles not just correctly, but naturally, matching the register of your environment, whether it's a casual gathering or a formal business meeting.

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For C1 learners, the focus shifts to the stylistic and rhetorical uses of '-에 대해' and its formal counterparts. You should be able to analyze how authors use '-에 대하여' to establish an objective, scholarly tone in essays and research papers. In these contexts, the particle often introduces the scope of the entire work. You will also encounter even more specialized alternatives like '-에 관련하여' (in relation to) or '-에 연계하여' (in connection with), which are used in legal, technical, or administrative Korean. At this level, you should be sensitive to the rhythm of the sentence; sometimes '-에 대해서는' is used not just for emphasis, but to balance the weight of a long subject. You should also be able to use these structures to express complex logical relationships. For example, using '-에 대한' to encapsulate a whole clause: '기후 변화가 경제에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구' (A study on the impact of climate change on the economy). Here, the particle is linking a complex clause to a noun. You should also be aware of the historical and Hanja roots of these expressions (對, 關, 聯), as this deepens your understanding of why certain verbs pair with certain particles. Your mastery should extend to being able to critique or summarize complex arguments 'about' multifaceted topics, using the full range of topical particles to maintain clarity and academic rigor in your speech and writing.

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At the C2 level, you are expected to have a native-like command of -에 대해 and all its variants. This includes understanding its use in classical or highly literary Korean, where archaic forms like -에 대하야 (an older version of -에 대하여) might appear. You should be able to distinguish between the subtle shades of meaning in philosophical texts where 'about-ness' is a central theme. For example, how does an author use '-에 대해' versus '-에 있어' to define the boundaries of existence or ethics? You should also be able to navigate the most complex bureaucratic and legal language, where '-에 관한' might be used in a way that carries specific legal weight regarding jurisdiction or relevance. In high-level professional settings, such as diplomatic negotiations or executive boardrooms, your choice of particle can signal your level of education and your respect for the subject matter. You should also be able to use these particles creatively in literature or persuasive speech, perhaps using repetition or specific placement to create rhetorical effects. At this stage, the grammar is second nature, and your focus is on the subtle artistry of language—how the simple concept of 'about' can be manipulated to convey authority, doubt, passion, or clinical objectivity. You are not just using the language; you are wielding it with precision and cultural depth, fully aware of the linguistic history and social implications of every choice you make.

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The Korean particle '-에 대해' is used to mean 'about' or 'concerning' when identifying the topic of a sentence or action.
It is derived from the verb '대하다' (to face) and is used with verbs of speaking, thinking, knowing, and feeling.
It has two forms: '-에 대해' for modifying verbs and '-에 대한' for modifying nouns, which is a crucial distinction.
While '-에 대해' is neutral, the form '-에 대하여' is more formal and used in academic or professional writing.

The Korean particle structure -에 대해 (or the more complete form -에 대해서) is one of the most fundamental tools in the Korean language for specifying the subject or topic of an action, thought, or feeling. At its core, it translates to 'about,' 'concerning,' or 'regarding' in English. It is derived from the verb 대하다, which means 'to face' or 'to confront.' When you use this structure, you are essentially saying that your action or thought is 'facing' a particular noun. This grammatical construction is indispensable for anyone moving beyond basic survival Korean into the realm of expressing opinions, reporting facts, or describing interests. Whether you are a student discussing a book, a professional presenting a report, or a friend sharing feelings, you will find yourself reaching for this particle constantly. It bridges the gap between simple sentences and complex discourse.

Grammatical Function: It functions as a postpositional phrase that attaches to a noun to indicate the target of the following verb. It typically modifies verbs of cognition, communication, or emotion like 'think,' 'speak,' 'know,' or 'worry.'

한국 문화에 대해 배우고 싶어요. (I want to learn about Korean culture.)

In daily life, you will hear this word in diverse settings. In a classroom, a teacher might say, '오늘은 환경 문제에 대해 토론하겠습니다' (Today, we will discuss environmental issues). In a romantic setting, someone might ask, '나에 대해 어떻게 생각해?' (What do you think about me?). The versatility of this particle lies in its ability to handle both concrete objects and abstract concepts. It allows the speaker to narrow the focus of the conversation. Without it, Korean sentences would often feel fragmented or overly reliant on simple object markers like '-을/를', which do not always carry the nuance of 'concerning a topic.'

Nuance of 'About': Unlike the English 'about' which can sometimes mean 'approximately' (e.g., 'about five people'), the Korean '-에 대해' is strictly used for 'concerning a topic.' For approximations, Koreans use words like '약' or '정도.'

그 영화에 대해 이야기해 주세요. (Please tell me about that movie.)

Furthermore, the use of '-에 대해' signals a level of topicality. It sets the stage for what is to follow. If you start a sentence with '정치에 대해...' (About politics...), the listener immediately prepares for a statement regarding that specific field. It is a signifier of intentionality. In news broadcasts, it is used to introduce segments: '최신 경제 상황에 대해 알려드립니다' (We are informing you about the latest economic situation). In literature, it helps authors delve into the internal states of characters: '그는 자신의 미래에 대해 깊이 고민했다' (He worried deeply about his future). Thus, mastering this particle is essential for achieving fluency and precision in Korean communication.

Historical Context: The root '대(對)' is a Hanja (Chinese character) meaning 'opposite' or 'to face.' This explains why the particle feels like you are pointing your attention directly at a subject.

우리는 서로에 대해 잘 몰라요. (We don't know each other very well.)

이 문제에 대해 질문 있나요? (Do you have any questions about this problem?)

새로운 계획에 대해 설명하겠습니다. (I will explain the new plan.)

Using -에 대해 correctly requires an understanding of its placement within a sentence and its relationship with the words surrounding it. The most basic formula is: [Noun] + -에 대해(서) + [Verb/Adjective]. This structure allows the noun to act as the subject matter for the following action or state. For instance, if you want to say 'I thought about my family,' you would identify the noun 'family' (가족), attach '-에 대해,' and follow it with the verb 'thought' (생각했어요): '가족에 대해 생각했어요.' It is important to note that '-에 대해' is an adverbial phrase, meaning its primary job is to modify verbs. If you want to modify a noun instead, you must use the adnominal form '-에 대한.' This distinction is a frequent stumbling block for learners but is crucial for grammatical accuracy.

Adverbial vs. Adnominal: Use '-에 대해' when the next word is a verb (e.g., '공부하다', '말하다'). Use '-에 대한' when the next word is a noun (e.g., '책', '생각').

사랑에 대해 노래해요. (Singing about love.) vs. 사랑에 대한 노래. (A song about love.)

Let's look at common verb pairings. Verbs like 말하다 (to speak), 쓰다 (to write), 조사하다 (to investigate), and 토론하다 (to discuss) are natural partners for '-에 대해.' For example, '역사에 대해 책을 써요' (I am writing a book about history). In this case, the writing action is directed toward the topic of history. Another common use is with emotional verbs or adjectives, such as 걱정하다 (to worry) or 궁금하다 (to be curious). '그의 건강에 대해 걱정돼요' (I am worried about his health). Here, the worry is centered on the health of the individual.

The Role of '-서': The suffix '-서' in '-에 대해서' is a connective particle that often indicates a causal or sequential relationship, but in this specific construction, it has become fossilized. It adds a slight rhythmic weight to the phrase but rarely changes the meaning.

우리는 미래에 대해 이야기했어요. (We talked about the future.)

In formal writing, such as academic papers or news reports, you might see the version -에 대하여. This is the original, non-contracted form of the verb '대하다.' It sounds more authoritative and prestigious. For instance, '인공지능의 발전에 대하여' (Regarding the development of AI). As a learner, sticking to '-에 대해' or '-에 대해서' is usually best for daily conversation, as it sounds more natural and less stiff. Another advanced usage involves adding other particles after '-에 대해.' For example, -에 대해서는 adds a thematic emphasis, similar to saying 'As for... regarding this topic.' '그 점에 대해서는 저도 동의합니다' (As for that point, I also agree). This nuance is helpful when you want to contrast one topic with another or specifically highlight the subject of your agreement or disagreement.

Common Mistake: Don't forget the '에'! Saying '친구 대해 말해요' is incorrect. It must be '친구에 대해 말해요.'

이 기사에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about this article?)

자신의 꿈에 대해 발표해 보세요. (Please try giving a presentation about your dreams.)

You will encounter -에 대해 in almost every facet of Korean life, from the most casual street talk to the highest levels of government discourse. Its frequency is a testament to how often humans need to define the 'about-ness' of their communications. In casual settings, like a cafe with friends, you'll hear it when someone shares a story: '어제 본 드라마에 대해 이야기하고 있었어' (I was talking about the drama I saw yesterday). It's the standard way to introduce the topic of conversation. If you're listening to K-pop lyrics, you'll often find singers expressing their feelings 'about' a lover or life: '너에 대해 모든 걸 알고 싶어' (I want to know everything about you). This makes the particle emotionally resonant as well as grammatically functional.

Media Usage: In news broadcasts, '-에 대해' is the workhorse of reporting. Anchors use it to introduce reports on everything from the economy to local festivals. It provides a formal frame for the information being presented.

정부는 새로운 세금 정책에 대해 발표했습니다. (The government announced regarding the new tax policy.)

In professional environments, '-에 대해' is essential for meetings and presentations. If you are working in Korea, you will hear your colleagues say, '이 프로젝트에 대해 의견 있으신가요?' (Do you have any opinions about this project?). It allows for precise communication in a corporate hierarchy where clarity is valued. In academic settings, textbooks are filled with this phrase. Whether it's a history book discussing the causes of a war or a science book explaining the properties of water, '-에 대해' is the primary way to link a concept to its description. For example, '광합성에 대해 알아봅시다' (Let's learn about photosynthesis).

Interview Context: During job interviews, recruiters frequently ask, '본인의 강점에 대해 말씀해 주세요' (Please tell us about your strengths). Knowing this phrase helps you prepare for such standard questions.

그 소문에 대해 들어본 적 있어요? (Have you heard about that rumor?)

Another interesting place you'll hear it is in legal or official warnings. Signs in parks might say '애완동물 동반에 대해 주의해 주세요' (Please be careful regarding accompanying pets). In customer service, a representative might say, '환불 규정에 대해 안내해 드리겠습니다' (I will guide you regarding the refund policy). Because it sounds professional and clear, it is the go-to choice for providing information. Even in literature, authors use it to create a sense of focus. A narrator might reflect: '그녀는 자신의 선택에 대해 후회하지 않았다' (She did not regret her choice). This particle acts as a spotlight, focusing the reader's attention on the specific object of the character's internal state.

Public Announcements: '열차 지연에 대해 사과드립니다' (We apologize for the train delay). This is a common phrase heard in subway stations.

외국인 친구들에게 한국어에 대해 가르쳐요. (I teach about Korean to my foreign friends.)

전공에 대해 고민이 많아요. (I have many worries about my major.)

이 책은 우주에 대해 다루고 있습니다. (This book deals with the universe.)

Even though -에 대해 is introduced early in Korean studies, it remains a source of frequent errors for intermediate and even advanced learners. The most common mistake is the confusion between the adverbial form -에 대해 and the adnominal form -에 대한. As mentioned earlier, -에 대해 must modify a verb, while -에 대한 must modify a noun. For example, saying '한국 문화에 대해 책' is incorrect because '책' (book) is a noun. It should be '한국 문화에 대한 책' (A book about Korean culture). Conversely, saying '문화에 대한 공부해요' is wrong because '공부해요' is a verb. It should be '문화에 대해 공부해요.' This distinction is vital for proper sentence structure.

The Missing '에': Many learners forget to include the particle '에' before '대해.' They might say '날씨 대해 이야기해요,' but the '에' is grammatically required: '날씨에 대해 이야기해요.' Without '에,' the sentence sounds incomplete and unnatural.

❌ 한국 역사 대해 관심 있어요. (Incorrect)
✅ 한국 역사에 대해 관심 있어요. (Correct)

Another frequent error involves the misuse of '-에 대해' with verbs that already imply a direct object. For example, with the verb '좋아하다' (to like), learners sometimes say '그 사람에 대해 좋아해요.' While understandable, it's more natural to say '그 사람을 좋아해요' (I like that person). '-에 대해' is better suited for '그 사람에 대해 생각해요' (I think about that person). The difference is that liking is a direct feeling toward an object, while thinking is a cognitive process 'about' a topic. Additionally, learners often confuse '-에 대해' with '-한테' or '-에게' (to/from a person). If you are giving something to someone, use '-에게.' If you are talking *about* someone, use '-에 대해.'

Overuse in Translation: English speakers often over-translate the word 'about.' In English, 'It takes about 10 minutes' uses 'about' for approximation. In Korean, you must use '약' or '정도,' not '-에 대해.'

❌ 10분에 대해 걸려요. (Incorrect for 'It takes about 10 minutes')
✅ 10분 정도 걸려요. (Correct)

Lastly, be careful with the formality levels. While '-에 대해' is neutral, using '-에 대하여' in a very casual conversation with friends can sound overly dramatic or like you are giving a lecture. Similarly, using just '-에 대해' in a very formal academic paper might be seen as slightly too informal compared to '-에 대하여.' Understanding the context of your conversation or writing is key to choosing the right form.

Confusion with '-에 관해': While '-에 관해' (concerning) is very similar, it is generally more formal and used in written documents. For beginners and intermediate learners, '-에 대해' is much more versatile.

❌ 질문에 대한 하세요. (Incorrect)
✅ 질문에 대해 말씀하세요. (Correct)

❌ 나에 대해 선물. (Incorrect)
✅ 나를 위한 선물. (Correct - 'A gift for me')

❌ 그 문제에 대해 해결했어요. (Less natural)
✅ 그 문제를 해결했어요. (Correct - 'Solved the problem')

In Korean, there are several ways to express the concept of 'about' or 'concerning,' each with its own level of formality and specific usage. The most common alternative to -에 대해 is -에 관해 (or -에 관해서). While they are often interchangeable, -에 관해 sounds more formal and is frequently found in academic writing, legal documents, and news reports. It comes from the Hanja '관(關),' which means 'to relate' or 'to concern.' If -에 대해 is 'facing' a topic, -에 관해 is 'relating' to it.

-에 대해 vs. -에 관해: '-에 대해' is the general-purpose 'about.' '-에 관해' is more formal and specific to 'concerning' a subject matter in a professional or academic context.

경제에 관해 연구하다. (To research concerning the economy.)

Another alternative is -을/를 두고. This is a more idiomatic expression that literally means 'leaving [something] in the middle' and usually implies a debate, conflict, or discussion surrounding a specific issue. It's often used when multiple people are arguing or talking 'over' a topic. For example, '그 문제를 두고 논란이 많다' (There is much controversy over that issue). This carries a more dynamic and sometimes confrontational nuance than the neutral '-에 대해.'

-을/를 대상으로: This means 'targeting' or 'aimed at.' While not a direct synonym for 'about,' it's used when a study or action is conducted 'on' a specific group. '학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 했다' (Conducted a survey on/targeting students).

그의 태도를 두고 말이 많아요. (There are many words/rumors regarding/over his attitude.)

In some contexts, -에 관련하여 (related to) is used. This is even more formal than '-에 관해' and is common in business contracts or technical manuals. It emphasizes the connection between two things. For example, '신제품 개발에 관련하여 회의를 합시다' (Let's have a meeting related to the new product development). Finally, there is the structure -에 있어서, which means 'in terms of' or 'when it comes to.' This is used to narrow the scope of a statement to a specific field. '성공에 있어서 가장 중요한 것은 노력이다' (When it comes to success, the most important thing is effort).

Register Comparison: - 에 대해: Neutral/Common
- 에 관해: Formal/Written
- 에 대하여: Very Formal/Academic
- 에 관련하여: Technical/Business

그 점에 관해서는 나중에 다시 이야기합시다. (Regarding that point, let's talk again later.)

교육 문제를 두고 토론이 벌어졌다. (A debate broke out over the education issue.)

이 사건에 관련한 서류를 보내주세요. (Please send the documents related to this incident.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In ancient Korean, the form was '대하야,' which you can still see in very old books or historical dramas. The modern '대해' is a contraction of this older form. This shows how Korean has become more streamlined over the centuries.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /e̞ dɛɦɛ/

US /eɪ dɛheɪ/

The stress is relatively even, but a slight emphasis is often placed on the first syllable of the noun it attaches to, and then on the '대' (dae) syllable.

Reimt sich auf

오해 (misunderstanding) 방해 (interference) 손해 (loss) 화해 (reconciliation) 피해 (damage) 항해 (sailing) 재해 (disaster) 살해 (murder)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '대' as 'de' (like 'dead') instead of 'dae' (a slightly wider vowel).
Dropping the '에' particle entirely.
Mumbling the 'h' in 'hae' so much that it sounds like 'dae-ae'.
Pronouncing the '에' as a long 'ee' sound.
Failing to pause slightly after '대해' when it introduces a long sentence.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts as it usually follows a noun and '에'.

Schreiben 4/5

Challenging to remember the distinction between '-에 대해' and '-에 대한'.

Sprechen 3/5

Commonly used, but learners often forget the '에' in fast speech.

Hören 2/5

Clear pronunciation and usually followed by helpful context verbs.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

에 (at/to) 말하다 (to speak) 생각하다 (to think) 것 (thing) N (Basic nouns)

Als Nächstes lernen

-에 관해 (concerning) -에 의하면 (according to) -에 따르면 (according to) -에 비해 (compared to) -에 대해 + -는 (Emphasis)

Fortgeschritten

-을/를 토대로 (based on) -에 기인하여 (due to/originating from) -에 입각하여 (based on/from the standpoint of) -을/를 막론하고 (regardless of) -에 국한되지 않고 (not limited to)

Wichtige Grammatik

-에 대한 (Adnominal Form)

사랑에 대한 노래를 들어요.

-에 대해서는 (Topic Marker for Emphasis)

그 일에 대해서는 아는 바가 없습니다.

-에 대해서도 (Additive Particle)

이 문제에 대해서도 생각해 봐야 합니다.

-에 대해서만 (Exclusive Particle)

저는 오직 사실에 대해서만 말합니다.

-에 대해서라기보다 (Contrastive)

그건 사랑에 대해서라기보다 우정에 가까워요.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

가족에 대해 이야기해요.

I talk about my family.

Noun (가족) + -에 대해 + Verb (이야기해요).

취미에 대해 물어봤어요.

I asked about hobbies.

Simple past tense of 'ask' with '-에 대해'.

한국에 대해 알아요?

Do you know about Korea?

Using '-에 대해' with the verb '알다' (to know).

그 영화에 대해 말해 주세요.

Please tell me about that movie.

Imperative form '주세요' used with '-에 대해'.

날씨에 대해 생각해요.

I think about the weather.

Noun (날씨) + -에 대해 + Verb (생각해요).

친구에 대해 써요.

I write about my friend.

Simple present tense of 'write'.

음식에 대해 배워요.

I learn about food.

Using '-에 대해' with the verb '배우다' (to learn).

학교에 대해 질문해요.

I ask questions about the school.

Noun (학교) + -에 대해 + Noun (질문) + Verb (해요).

한국 문화에 대해 더 배우고 싶어요.

I want to learn more about Korean culture.

'-에 대해' is used before the verb '배우다'.

이 책은 여행에 대한 책이에요.

This book is a book about travel.

'-에 대한' is used because it modifies the noun '책'.

제 성격에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?

What do you think about my personality?

Formal question using '어떻게 생각하세요?'.

어제 뉴스에 대해 이야기했어요.

We talked about yesterday's news.

Past tense '이야기했어요' with a time noun '어제 뉴스'.

미래에 대한 꿈이 뭐예요?

What is your dream about the future?

'-에 대한' modifies the noun '꿈'.

새로운 계획에 대해 설명해 드릴게요.

I will explain about the new plan for you.

Polite offering form '-해 드릴게요'.

우리는 서로에 대해 잘 몰라요.

We don't know much about each other.

'서로' (each other) acts as the noun before '-에 대해'.

이 문제에 대해 질문이 있습니다.

I have a question about this problem.

Standard way to introduce a question in a formal setting.

환경 오염에 대해 토론을 했습니다.

We had a discussion about environmental pollution.

More formal noun '환경 오염' used with '-에 대해'.

그 일에 대해서는 걱정하지 마세요.

As for that matter, please don't worry.

Adding '-는' to '-에 대해서' for emphasis/topic marking.

성공에 대한 기준은 사람마다 다릅니다.

The criteria for success differ for each person.

'-에 대한' modifying the abstract noun '기준'.

외국어 학습에 대해 조언을 구하고 싶어요.

I want to seek advice about learning foreign languages.

Using '조언을 구하다' (to seek advice) with '-에 대해'.

자신의 장점에 대해 말씀해 보시겠어요?

Would you mind telling me about your strengths?

Polite formal request '말씀해 보시겠어요?'.

이 사건에 대해 자세히 조사해야 합니다.

We must investigate this incident in detail.

Using '조사하다' (to investigate) with '-에 대해'.

사랑에 대한 정의를 내리기 어렵네요.

It's difficult to define love.

'-에 대한' modifying the noun '정의' (definition).

그 소문에 대해 들어본 적이 있나요?

Have you ever heard about that rumor?

Experience pattern '-ㄴ 적이 있다' used with '-에 대해'.

정부는 경제 위기에 대해 대책을 마련했습니다.

The government has prepared measures regarding the economic crisis.

Formal usage in a news/political context.

그 영화는 사회적 편견에 대해 다루고 있다.

That movie deals with social prejudice.

Using '다루다' (to deal with/cover) which is common in B2+.

인간의 본성에 대한 깊은 통찰력을 보여준다.

It shows deep insight into human nature.

'-에 대한' linking an abstract concept to '통찰력' (insight).

이 점에 대해서는 저도 동의하는 바입니다.

Regarding this point, I also agree.

Very formal expression '동의하는 바입니다'.

과거의 실수에 대해 후회할 필요는 없어요.

There is no need to regret past mistakes.

'-에 대해' with the verb '후회하다' (to regret).

새로운 정책에 대한 시민들의 반응이 뜨겁다.

Citizens' reactions to the new policy are intense.

'-에 대한' modifying '반응' (reaction).

그는 자신의 직업에 대해 자부심을 느낀다.

He feels pride in (about) his profession.

Using '자부심을 느끼다' (to feel pride) with '-에 대해'.

우주 탐사에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다.

Research on space exploration is actively underway.

'-에 대한' used in a scientific/academic context.

본 논문은 현대 사회의 고립에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

This paper intends to contemplate the isolation of modern society.

Formal academic verb '고찰하다' (to contemplate/examine).

법원은 피고인의 유죄 여부에 대해 판결을 내렸다.

The court rendered a verdict regarding the defendant's guilt.

Legal context using '-에 대해' for the subject of a verdict.

예술의 가치에 대한 논쟁은 시대를 막론하고 계속되어 왔다.

The debate over the value of art has continued regardless of the era.

'-에 대한' modifying the noun '논쟁' (debate).

그의 발언은 특정 집단에 대한 혐오를 조장할 우려가 있다.

His remarks are feared to incite hatred toward a specific group.

'-에 대한' used to indicate the target of '혐오' (hatred).

기존 이론에 대해 비판적인 시각을 견지해야 한다.

One must maintain a critical perspective on existing theories.

Using '비판적인 시각' (critical perspective) with '-에 대해'.

기술의 발달이 인간 소외에 대해 미치는 영향을 분석했다.

Analyzed the impact of technological development on human alienation.

'-에 대해' indicating the area of impact.

그 정책의 실효성에 대해 의문이 제기되고 있다.

Questions are being raised about the effectiveness of that policy.

Passive form '의문이 제기되다' with '-에 대해'.

전통 문화의 계승에 대한 책임감을 느껴야 합니다.

We must feel a sense of responsibility for the succession of traditional culture.

'-에 대한' modifying '책임감' (sense of responsibility).

존재의 본질에 대하여 형이상학적으로 접근할 필요가 있다.

It is necessary to approach the essence of existence metaphysically.

Very formal '-에 대하여' used in a philosophical context.

해당 사안에 관한 법리적 해석에 대해 이견이 분분하다.

Opinions are divided regarding the legal interpretation of the matter.

Using both '-에 관한' and '-에 대해' in a complex sentence.

역사적 진실에 대한 끊임없는 탐구는 지식인의 숙명이다.

The constant pursuit of historical truth is the fate of an intellectual.

High-level vocabulary like '탐구' (pursuit) and '숙명' (fate).

그의 문학 세계는 죽음에 대한 공포와 구원을 동시에 담고 있다.

His literary world simultaneously contains the fear of and salvation from death.

'-에 대한' modifying multiple nouns (공포, 구원).

정치적 올바름에 대해 사회 전반에서 치열한 갑론을박이 이어졌다.

Fierce arguments for and against political correctness continued across society.

Idiom '갑론을박' (arguing pro and con) used with '-에 대해'.

인간 소외 현상에 대해 심리학적 관점에서 재조명해 보았다.

Re-examined the phenomenon of human alienation from a psychological perspective.

Advanced verb '재조명하다' (to re-examine/shed new light).

언어의 자의성에 대한 소쉬르의 이론은 언어학의 기초가 되었다.

Saussure's theory on the arbitrariness of language became the basis of linguistics.

Specialized academic usage in linguistics.

무한한 우주에 대해 경외심을 느끼지 않을 수 없었다.

One could not help but feel a sense of awe toward the infinite universe.

Double negative '않을 수 없었다' (could not help but) with '-에 대해'.

Häufige Kollokationen

-에 대해 생각하다

-에 대해 말하다

-에 대해 궁금하다

-에 대해 걱정하다

-에 대해 질문하다

-에 대해 조사하다

-에 대해 토론하다

-에 대해 배우다

-에 대해 알다

-에 대해 쓰다

Häufige Phrasen

이 점에 대해

— Regarding this point. Used to focus on a specific detail in a discussion.

이 점에 대해 다시 생각해 봅시다.

서로에 대해

— About each other. Common in social and romantic contexts.

우리는 서로에 대해 모르는 게 없어요.

자신에 대해

— About oneself. Used in introductions or self-reflection.

자신에 대해 소개해 주세요.

무엇에 대해

— About what. Used in questions to find out the topic.

지금 무엇에 대해 이야기하고 있어요?

모든 것에 대해

— About everything. Used to express comprehensive coverage of a topic.

그는 모든 것에 대해 불만이 많다.

그 문제에 대해

— About that problem/issue. Common in work and news.

그 문제에 대해 해결책을 찾았나요?

상대방에 대해

— About the other person/party. Used in negotiations or social interactions.

상대방에 대해 예의를 지켜야 합니다.

현실에 대해

— About reality. Used in philosophical or socio-political discussions.

우리는 현실에 대해 직시해야 합니다.

미래에 대해

— About the future. Common in planning or dreaming.

미래에 대해 긍정적으로 생각해요.

그 소문에 대해

— About that rumor. Common in daily gossip or news.

그 소문에 대해 사실 여부를 확인했어요.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

~대해 vs -에게 / -한테

These mean 'to' a person. '-에 대해' means 'about' a person. '친구에게 말해요' (Talk to a friend) vs '친구에 대해 말해요' (Talk about a friend).

~대해 vs 약 / 정도

These are used for 'about' in the sense of 'approximately.' '-에 대해' is only for 'concerning a topic.' '10시 정도' (About 10 o'clock) vs '시간에 대해' (About time as a concept).

~대해 vs -에 관해

Very similar, but '-에 관해' is more formal and used for specific subject matters.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"입에 침이 마르도록 칭찬에 대해 말하다"

— To praise someone so much that your mouth goes dry. Used when talking about someone's virtues.

선생님은 그 학생에 대해 입에 침이 마르도록 칭찬하셨다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"남의 일에 대해 감 놓아라 배 놓아라 하다"

— To meddle in others' business (literally: tell them where to put persimmons and pears).

제 일에 대해 감 놓아라 배 놓아라 하지 마세요.

Colloquial

"하나에 대해 알면 열을 안다"

— If you know one thing, you know ten. Used for smart people.

그는 수학에 대해 하나를 알면 열을 아는 아이다.

Proverbial

"귀가 따갑도록 그 이야기에 대해 듣다"

— To hear about something so much that your ears hurt.

그 사고에 대해 귀가 따갑도록 들었어요.

Informal

"눈 가리고 아웅 하는 식의 대처에 대해"

— Regarding an approach that tries to hide the truth with a shallow trick.

정부의 눈 가리고 아웅 하는 식의 대처에 대해 비판이 많다.

Political/Idiomatic

"뜬구름 잡는 소리에 대해"

— Regarding talk that is unrealistic or vague (literally: catching floating clouds).

그의 계획은 뜬구름 잡는 소리에 대해 가깝다.

Informal

"찬물을 끼얹는 발언에 대해"

— Regarding a remark that ruins the mood (literally: throwing cold water).

축제 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹는 그의 말에 대해 모두 화가 났다.

Idiomatic

"가슴에 손을 얹고 자신의 잘못에 대해 생각하다"

— To think about one's mistakes with a clear conscience (literally: hand on chest).

가슴에 손을 얹고 네 행동에 대해 반성해 봐.

Emotional/Common

"밑바닥부터 시작한 성공담에 대해"

— About a success story that started from the very bottom.

그의 밑바닥부터 시작한 성공담에 대해 감동받았어요.

Inspirational

"뼈를 깎는 노력에 대해"

— About effort that is incredibly painful and intense (literally: bone-shaving effort).

그의 뼈를 깎는 노력에 대해 모두가 박수를 보냈다.

Formal/Idiomatic

Leicht verwechselbar

~대해 vs 대하다

It is the root verb of '-에 대해'.

As a verb, '대하다' means to treat or face someone. '-에 대해' is a fixed particle structure for 'about'.

그는 나를 친절하게 대한다. (He treats me kindly.)

~대해 vs 대신에

Both start with '대'.

'대신에' means 'instead of'. '-에 대해' means 'about'.

커피 대신에 차를 마셔요. (Drink tea instead of coffee.)

~대해 vs 대해서

It's a variation of '-에 대해'.

Meaning is the same, but '-서' makes it slightly more common in spoken language.

그 일에 대해서 이야기해 봐.

~대해 vs 대한

It's the adnominal form of '-에 대해'.

Use '-대한' only when modifying a noun immediately after it.

환경에 대한 관심.

~대해 vs 대비

Starts with '대' and relates to topics.

'대비' means 'preparation' or 'contrast'.

시험 대비 공부. (Studying in preparation for the exam.)

Satzmuster

[Noun] + 에 대해 말해요.

학교에 대해 말해요.

[Noun] + 에 대한 + [Noun] + 이에요.

이건 한국에 대한 책이에요.

[Noun] + 에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?

이 계획에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?

[Noun] + 에 대해 조사할 필요가 있습니다.

시장 상황에 대해 조사할 필요가 있습니다.

[Noun] + 에 대해서는 [Negative Verb].

그 사실에 대해서는 전혀 몰랐어요.

[Clause]-는 것에 대해 고찰하다.

사회가 변하는 것에 대해 고찰하다.

[Noun] + 에 대한 비판이 제기되다.

정부 정책에 대한 비판이 제기되다.

[Noun] + 에 대하여 법리적으로 검토하다.

해당 사안에 대하여 법리적으로 검토하다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

대상 (target/object)

대화 (conversation)

대결 (confrontation)

대응 (response)

Verben

대하다 (to face/treat)

대처하다 (to cope/handle)

대비하다 (to prepare/contrast)

대답하다 (to answer)

Adjektive

대단하다 (to be great/huge)

대범하다 (to be bold/broad-minded)

Verwandt

반대 (opposite/opposition)

상대 (partner/opponent)

절대 (absolute)

환대 (hospitality)

접대 (reception/entertainment)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely high in both written and spoken Korean.

Häufige Fehler

Using '-에 대해' to modify a noun. → Using '-에 대한'.
'-에 대해' is an adverb and cannot modify a noun directly. You must use the adnominal form '-에 대한' before a noun.
Saying '10시 에 대해' for 'about 10 o'clock'. → Saying '10시 쯤' or '10시 정도'.
'-에 대해' is only for topical 'about,' not for numerical or temporal approximations.
Dropping the '에' particle (e.g., '친구 대해 말해요'). → Always include '에' (e.g., '친구에 대해 말해요').
The particle '에' is structurally required to link the noun to the verb form '대해'.
Using '-에 대해' with '좋아하다'. → Using the object marker '-을/를'.
'-에 대해' is for topics of thought or speech, not for direct objects of preference.
Using '-에 대해' for people when you mean 'to' them. → Using '-에게' or '-한테'.
Confusing the target of a message with the topic of a message. 'Talk to him' vs 'Talk about him'.

Tipps

The Noun-Verb Rule

Always check the word following the 'about' phrase. If it's a noun, use '-에 대한'. If it's a verb, use '-에 대해'. This one rule will prevent 90% of mistakes.

Formal Writing

In essays or business emails, prefer '-에 대하여' or '-에 관하여'. It makes your Korean sound more professional and educated.

Natural Flow

Add '-서' to make it '-에 대해서' when speaking. It provides a nice rhythmic bridge to the next part of your sentence.

Topic Starters

Use '-에 대해서는' to start a sentence when you want to emphasize the topic. It's like saying 'As for this matter...' in English.

Identifying Topics

When listening to news, the phrase '-에 대해' is a signal that the speaker is about to define the main subject of the story. Focus right after you hear it.

Don't Use for Approximation

Never use '-에 대해' for numbers or time. Use '정도' or '약'. This is a common 'Konglish' mistake that sounds very confusing to Koreans.

Adding More Particles

You can add particles like '-도' (also) or '-만' (only) to '-에 대해서'. For example, '-에 대해서도' means 'also about'.

Verb Nominalization

To talk about an action, use '-는 것에 대해'. Example: '여행하는 것(traveling)에 대해 이야기해요'. You can't attach it directly to a verb.

Facing the Subject

Remember the root '대' (face). It implies you are giving your full attention to the topic you are discussing.

Dae-Hae = About

Think of 'Dae-Hae' as 'Day' + 'Hey'. Every 'Day' you say 'Hey' to a new topic 'About' your life.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of '-에 대해' as 'Facing the Topic.' The 'Dae' (대) sounds like 'Dial'—you are dialing into a specific subject. So, 'Topic + Dial + hae' = 'About the topic.'

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person standing in front of a giant book or screen. The person is 'facing' (대) the subject. The arrow pointing from the person to the subject represents the '-에 대해' connection.

Word Web

말하다 (Speak) 생각하다 (Think) 쓰다 (Write) 조사하다 (Research) 궁금하다 (Curious) 걱정하다 (Worry) 질문하다 (Question) 토론하다 (Discuss)

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences today using '-에 대해' about your favorite food, your best friend, and your plans for the weekend. Share them with a language partner!

Wortherkunft

The phrase is composed of the particle '-에' (to/at) and the connective form '대해' of the verb '대하다' (對하다). The verb '대하다' is of Hanja origin, using the character '對' (dui in Mandarin), which means 'to face,' 'to match,' or 'to answer.'

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original meaning of the root was 'to face someone or something directly.' Over time, it evolved from a physical orientation to a grammatical marker for the topic one is 'facing' or considering.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based) combined with native Korean particles.

Kultureller Kontext

When talking 'about' people, ensure you use appropriate honorifics for the person mentioned, even if the particle '-에 대해' itself doesn't change.

English speakers often use 'about' for both topics and approximations. Koreans use '-에 대해' only for topics. This is the biggest hurdle for English natives.

The song '너에 대해' (About You) by various K-pop artists like BOL4. Standard news opening: '오늘의 주요 뉴스에 대해 알려드립니다.' Classic literature often uses '-에 대하여' to discuss philosophical themes.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Education/Learning

역사에 대해 배워요.
수업에 대해 질문 있어요.
전공에 대해 고민해요.
시험에 대해 걱정돼요.

Socializing

취미에 대해 말해 줘.
서로에 대해 알아가요.
그 사람에 대해 어떻게 생각해?
어제 일에 대해 미안해.

Work/Business

프로젝트에 대해 보고하세요.
회의 주제에 대해 토론합시다.
일정에 대해 확인해 볼게요.
계약 조건에 대해 설명해 주세요.

News/Media

사건에 대해 보도합니다.
날씨에 대해 알려드립니다.
결과에 대해 발표했어요.
정부 방침에 대해 비판해요.

Personal Reflection

인생에 대해 생각해요.
꿈에 대해 일기를 써요.
자신에 대해 반성해요.
미래에 대해 계획을 세워요.

Gesprächseinstiege

"한국 문화에 대해 가장 좋아하는 것이 뭐예요?"

"자신의 고향에 대해 소개해 주실 수 있나요?"

"요즘 가장 관심 있는 주제에 대해 이야기해 봅시다."

"이 영화의 결말에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"새로운 취미에 대해 배울 계획이 있나요?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 내가 가장 많이 생각한 주제에 대해 써 보세요.

내가 미래에 대해 가지고 있는 가장 큰 꿈은 무엇인가요?

친구와 나누었던 대화 내용에 대해 자세히 기록해 보세요.

요즘 뉴스에서 본 사건에 대해 자신의 의견을 적어 보세요.

자신의 장점과 단점에 대해 솔직하게 평가해 보세요.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, you cannot. In English, 'about' can mean 'approximately' (e.g., 'about 5 o'clock'), but in Korean, '-에 대해' only means 'concerning a topic.' For time or quantity, use '약', '정도', or '쯤'. For example, '5시쯤' is 'about 5 o'clock'.

There is virtually no difference in meaning. '-에 대해서' is simply the more complete version with the connective suffix '-서'. In spoken Korean, '-에 대해서' is very common and sounds natural, while in concise writing, '-에 대해' is often preferred. Both are interchangeable in most contexts.

Use '-에 대한' when it is modifying a noun that follows it directly. For example: '사랑에 대한 생각' (Thoughts about love). Use '-에 대해' when it is modifying a verb. For example: '사랑에 대해 생각해요' (I think about love). This is a very important grammatical rule in Korean.

They are very similar, but '-에 관해' (concerning) is generally more formal and used in written documents or academic settings. '-에 대해' is more versatile and used in both casual and formal situations. If you are a beginner, stick with '-에 대해'.

In very casual, fast speech, some people might shorten it, but it is grammatically incorrect and sounds very unnatural for a learner. You should always include the '에' particle: 'Noun + 에 대해'.

Yes, it must follow a noun. If you want to talk about an action (a verb), you must first turn that verb into a noun using the '-는 것' form. For example: '노래하는 것(singing)에 대해 말해요'.

'대하다' means 'to face' or 'to confront.' Grammatically, when you talk 'about' a topic, you are 'facing' that topic with your words or thoughts. This is the logic behind the construction.

It's better to use the direct object marker '-을/를' with '좋아하다'. Instead of '영화를 좋아해요' (I like movies), saying '영화에 대해 좋아해요' sounds like 'I like concerning movies,' which is weird. Use '-에 대해' for cognition or communication verbs like '말하다' or '생각하다'.

You say '나에 대해' or '저에 대해' (formal). For example: '저에 대해 소개해 드릴게요' (I will introduce myself/about me).

Rarely. It sounds very stiff and formal, like a speech or a lecture. In daily life, use '-에 대해' or '-에 대해서'.

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