Das Passiv: Fokus auf Handlungen (Passiv im Simple Present)
Aktion im Fokus und Täter unwichtig!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the Present Simple Passive to focus on what happens to something, rather than who does it.
- Use 'am/is/are' plus the past participle (V3) of the main verb.
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
- Use 'by' only if the person doing the action is actually important to the story.
Overview
man (z. B.One drinks... oft sehr hölzern oder veraltet. Das Passiv bietet dir hier eine elegante, natürliche Alternative: Much coffee is drunk here.- Aktiv:
The barista (S) makes (V) the coffee (O).(Der Barista macht den Kaffee.)
the coffee) wird zum neuen Subjekt des Passivsatzes. Der Barista rückt in den Hintergrund oder verschwindet komplett.- Passiv:
The coffee (S) is made (V) by the barista.(Der Kaffee wird vom Barista gemacht.)
to be: The coffee is made.become zu übersetzen. Aber Vorsicht: The coffee becomes made würde im Englischen bedeuten, dass der Kaffee sich auf magische Weise in eine „gemachte“ Existenzform verwandelt – was natürlich keinen Sinn ergibt.to be + Partizip.The car is repaired tomorrow. Das Subjekt steht am Anfang, gefolgt von der Verbform.- 1Die passende Form von
to beim Present Simple (am,isoderare). - 2Das Past Participle (die 3. Verbform) des Hauptverbs.
am / is / are + Past Participle (V3)to be du für welches Subjekt wählst:to be | Beispiel (Past Participle) |I | am | I am invited to every meeting. |He / She / It | is | The report is sent daily. |You / We / They | are | The windows are cleaned every Monday. |-ed).clean->cleanedproduce->produced
write->wrote->writtenmake->made->madespeak->spoke->spoken
not nach der Form von to be ein: The bills are not paid by the company.am / is / are an den Satzanfang: Is the office cleaned every night?by.The bread is baked by a local baker.
- 1. Wenn der Handelnde unbekannt ist:
The window is left open every night.(Das Fenster wird jede Nacht offengelassen.)
- 2. Wenn der Handelnde unwichtig oder offensichtlich ist:
Oranges are grown in Spain.(Es ist klar, dass Bauern sie anbauen.)The mail is delivered at 10 AM.(Es ist klar, dass der Postbote kommt.)
- 3. Bei Prozessen und wissenschaftlichen Beschreibungen:
First, the data is collected. Then, it is analyzed by the software.
- 4. Um Objektivität und Professionalität zu vermitteln:
Smoking is not permitted in this area.(Klingt offizieller alsWe don't allow smoking here.)All employees are required to sign the contract.
- 5. Um höflich Kritik zu üben oder Schuldzuweisungen zu vermeiden:
- Aktiv (hart):
You made a mistake in the report.(Du hast einen Fehler im Bericht gemacht.) - Passiv (höflich):
A mistake is made in the report.(Ein Fehler wurde im Bericht gemacht – es wird nicht direkt mit dem Finger auf jemanden gezeigt.)
become für das Passiv.- Falsch:
*The house becomes built. - Richtig:
The house is built. - Warum?
Becomebeschreibt eine Entwicklung oder Zustandsänderung einer Person/Sache (z. B.I become tired– ich werde müde). Das Passiv braucht aber immerto be.
- Falsch:
*The cars produced in Germany. - Richtig:
The cars are produced in Germany. - Warum? Ohne
arefehlt das konjugierte Verb, das dem Satz die Zeitform gibt.
The trash is collected every Tuesday.(Regelmäßig - Present Simple Passive)- Wenn etwas gerade jetzt passiert, bräuchtest du das Present Continuous Passive (
is being collected), aber das ist ein Thema für das nächste Level!
- Falsch:
*The letter is wrote.(Simple Past) - Richtig:
The letter is written.(Past Participle) - Tipp: Lerne die 3. Spalte der Verbtabellen wie Vokabeln. Ohne sie kannst du kein korrektes Passiv bilden.
We clean the office every day. | Wir (die Handelnden) sind wichtig. |The office is cleaned every day. | Das Büro (das Ergebnis) steht im Mittelpunkt. |The office is cleaned by a professional team. | Das Büro ist wichtig, aber wir nennen das Team zusätzlich. |English is spoken here. (Passiv!) |- Zustand:
The door is open.(openist hier ein Adjektiv) - Passiv:
The door is closed.(closedist das Partizip vonclose)
go, sleep oder happen haben kein Objekt. Du kannst nicht sagen: *The bed is slept. oder *The party is happened. Das funktioniert weder im Deutschen noch im Englischen.by benutzen?by nur, wenn die Information über die Person wirklich einen Mehrwert bietet. Zum Beispiel: This book is written by J.K. Rowling. Hier ist die Autorin entscheidend. Bei The room is cleaned by the cleaner. ist es überflüssig, da wir wissen, dass eine Reinigungskraft putzt.make, take, find, see, give) fast 90 % der täglichen Kommunikation abdecken. Wenn du diese beherrschst, bist du für fast alle Situationen gewappnet.Present Simple Passive Conjugation
| Subject | To Be (am/is/are) | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
helped
|
I am helped by my team.
|
|
You
|
are
|
helped
|
You are helped by the guide.
|
|
He / She / It
|
is
|
helped
|
The car is helped by the mechanic.
|
|
We
|
are
|
helped
|
We are helped by the community.
|
|
They
|
are
|
helped
|
The students are helped by teachers.
|
|
The work (Singular)
|
is
|
done
|
The work is done.
|
|
The tasks (Plural)
|
are
|
done
|
The tasks are done.
|
Contractions in Passive Voice
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I am watched
|
I'm watched
|
I'm not watched
|
|
It is watched
|
It's watched
|
It isn't watched
|
|
They are watched
|
They're watched
|
They aren't watched
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence is the person or thing that receives the action, rather than the one performing it.
Unknown or Unimportant Agent
Used when we don't know who does the action, or it doesn't matter.
“The trash is collected on Tuesdays.”
“Rice is grown in many parts of Asia.”
Scientific or Technical Processes
Used to describe how things work or how a process is completed step-by-step.
“The chemicals are mixed in a large vat.”
“The data is stored on a secure server.”
Formal Rules and Instructions
Used to state laws, rules, or general truths in a professional manner.
“Smoking is not permitted in this area.”
“Credit cards are accepted here.”
Reference Table
| Subjekt | Verb 'to be' | Partizip Perfekt | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
used
|
I am used to this.
|
|
He/She/It
|
is
|
cleaned
|
The room is cleaned daily.
|
|
Singular Nomen
|
is
|
made
|
Coffee is made fresh.
|
|
We/You/They
|
are
|
given
|
You are given a task.
|
|
Plural Nomen
|
are
|
spoken
|
Languages are spoken here.
|
Formalitätsspektrum
The office is closed at 5:00 PM daily. (Business hours)
The office is shut at 5:00. (Business hours)
We're closed at 5:00. (Business hours)
We're done at 5:00. (Business hours)
Passiv: Kern des Simple Present
Bildung
- am/is/are Verb 'to be'
- V3 Partizip Perfekt
Wann verwenden
- Unbekannter Täter Weiß nicht, wer es getan hat
- Unwichtiger Täter Es ist egal, wer es getan hat
- Objektiver Ton Formelle, faktische Kommunikation
Schlüsselidee
- Handlungsfokus Betonung auf dem Ereignis
- Objekt als Subjekt Das, worauf eingewirkt wird, wird zum Satzsubjekt
Aktiv vs. Passiv (Simple Present)
Soll ich das Present Simple Passive verwenden?
Ist der 'Täter' (Agent) der Handlung unbekannt oder unwichtig?
Beschreibst du eine allgemeine Wahrheit, Routine oder einen Prozess?
Möchtest du einen objektiven oder formellen Ton?
Kontexte des Present Simple Passive
Nachrichten & Formal
- • Reports are published.
- • Rules are enforced.
Prozesse & Anleitungen
- • Ingredients are mixed.
- • Food is prepared fresh.
Allgemeine Fakten
- • English is spoken here.
- • Taxes are paid annually.
Schuld vermeiden
- • Mistakes are made.
- • The error is noted.
Beispiele nach Niveau
The room is cleaned every day.
The room is cleaned every day.
Apples are grown in this garden.
Apples are grown in this garden.
The door is locked at night.
The door is locked at night.
English is spoken here.
English is spoken here.
The mail is delivered at 9 AM.
The mail is delivered at 9 AM.
Are these shoes made in Italy?
Are these shoes made in Italy?
The trash is not collected on Sundays.
The trash is not collected on Sundays.
Many movies are filmed in London.
Many movies are filmed in London.
The website is updated every hour with new news.
The website is updated every hour with new news.
Coffee is served with a small biscuit in this cafe.
Coffee is served with a small biscuit in this cafe.
The results are sent to your email automatically.
The results are sent to your email automatically.
Is the office cleaned by a professional company?
Is the office cleaned by a professional company?
The law is strictly enforced by the local authorities.
The law is strictly enforced by the local authorities.
Large amounts of data are processed by the algorithm.
Large amounts of data are processed by the algorithm.
The museum is visited by thousands of tourists annually.
The museum is visited by thousands of tourists annually.
Is it true that the budget is approved by the board?
Is it true that the budget is approved by the board?
The nuances of the language are often lost in translation.
The nuances of the language are often lost in translation.
The proposal is viewed as a significant step forward.
The proposal is viewed as a significant step forward.
Resources are allocated based on the project's priority.
Resources are allocated based on the project's priority.
The tradition is upheld by the younger generation.
The tradition is upheld by the younger generation.
The inherent complexity of the system is mitigated by several fail-safes.
The inherent complexity of the system is mitigated by several fail-safes.
It is widely conjectured that the treaty is flawed.
It is widely conjectured that the treaty is flawed.
The narrative is constructed through a series of flashbacks.
The narrative is constructed through a series of flashbacks.
The status quo is maintained through systemic inertia.
The status quo is maintained through systemic inertia.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners mix up 'is done' (routine) with 'is being done' (now).
Some words look like passives but are just adjectives (e.g., 'The door is broken').
Learners think every sentence with 'is' is passive.
Häufige Fehler
The car wash every day.
The car is washed every day.
I am call John.
I am called John.
The books is sold here.
The books are sold here.
The dinner is cook.
The dinner is cooked.
The letter is wrote.
The letter is written.
Is the homework do?
Is the homework done?
The house is cleaning.
The house is cleaned.
The coffee is make by me.
The coffee is made by me.
The news are reported.
The news is reported.
He is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
The problem is being solved every day.
The problem is solved every day.
The data is showed in the graph.
The data is shown in the graph.
The decision is took.
The decision is taken.
Satzmuster
The ___ is ___ every day.
___ are grown in ___.
It is said that ___.
The ___ is made of ___.
Real World Usage
Your post is shared by 50 people.
The successful candidate is notified by email.
All bags are screened before boarding.
Your order is prepared by the restaurant.
New law is passed by Parliament.
Is the party cancelled?
Fokus auf das Ergebnis
The documents are printed and ready.
Vergiss 'to be' nicht
The door opened ist Aktiv/Vergangenheit; The door is openedist Passiv/Gegenwart.
Beschreib Prozesse
The instructions are followed step by step.
Objektive Berichterstattung
New policies are announced annually.
Smart Tips
Use the passive to sound more professional and less demanding.
Check if it's an action or a description. If you can add 'by someone', it's an action.
Most verbs just need -ed. If it's a common verb like 'go' or 'write', it's probably irregular.
Start every sentence with the object to keep the focus consistent.
Aussprache
The '-ed' ending
The past participle ending '-ed' can sound like /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/.
Linking 'is'
In natural speech, 'is' often links to the following vowel.
Emphasis on the Object
The ↗MEAL is served.
Highlights that the meal (not the drink) is ready.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Remember 'BE + V3': The verb 'to BE' (am/is/are) plus the 'V3' (past participle) makes the passive for me!
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a factory conveyor belt. The objects (subjects) are moving along, and machines (actions) are happening to them. You don't see the workers, just the objects being transformed.
Rhyme
When the doer is unknown or out of sight, 'Is' plus 'Done' makes the sentence right!
Story
In a magical land, objects do nothing themselves. The bread is baked by fire, the water is drunk by the sun, and the songs are sung by the wind. Everything is a receiver of action.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look around your room. Find 5 objects and say what is done to them every day (e.g., 'The bed is made', 'The window is opened').
Kulturelle Hinweise
The passive is very common in British English to sound polite and indirect, avoiding direct confrontation.
In universities worldwide, the passive voice is the standard for writing research papers to maintain objectivity.
Government documents use the passive to sound authoritative and impersonal.
The English passive voice evolved from Old English, where 'weorthan' (to become) was used alongside 'beon' (to be).
Gesprächseinstiege
How is your favorite food made?
What languages are spoken in your country?
How is the president/leader chosen in your country?
What rules are strictly enforced at your workplace?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
French ___ in Quebec.
French ist Singular, also verwenden wir is. Das Partizip Perfekt von speak ist spoken.Find and fix the mistake:
The new rules announcing today.
rules ist Plural, also benötigt es are. Das Partizip Perfekt von announce ist announced.Übersetze ins Englische: 'Los pedidos se envían diariamente.'
Answer starts with: ["O...
Orders ist Plural, also verwenden wir are. Das Partizip Perfekt von send ist sent.Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesThe office ___ (clean) every night.
Choose the correct option:
Find and fix the mistake:
Many cars are make in Japan.
Tea ___ in India.
We use 'by' in every passive sentence.
A: Is the mail here? B: Yes, it ___ (deliver) five minutes ago.
Select the irregular one:
Active: 'Farmers grow grapes.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesCoffee ___ at this exact time every morning.
Wähle den richtigen Satz:
Many languages speak in India.
Übersetze ins Englische: 'Esta puerta se cierra automáticamente.'
Ordne diese Wörter zu einem Satz an:
Ordne die Subjekte der richtigen Form zu:
Information ___ (share) via email.
Welcher Satz ist korrekt?
The news broadcast at 6 PM daily.
Übersetze ins Englische: 'El inglés se enseña en nuestra escuela.'
Ordne diese Wörter zu einem Satz an:
Ordne die Verben ihren Partizipien Perfekt zu:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, you can only use it with 'transitive' verbs—verbs that take an object. You can't say 'The bed is slept' because 'sleep' doesn't have an object.
Not at all! It is very useful for formal writing and when the doer is unknown. Just don't use it for every single sentence.
Use `is made of` when you can still see the material (The table is made of wood). Use `is made from` when the material has changed (Paper is made from trees).
No. In fact, in about 80% of passive sentences, we don't use `by`. Only use it if the person's name is important information.
Just move 'am/is/are' to the front. `Is the room cleaned?` instead of `The room is cleaned.`
Yes! Just add 'not' after the verb to be. `The letters are not sent.`
It can be! If you mean someone broke it, it's passive. If you are just describing the window, 'broken' is an adjective.
Because in science, the experiment is more important than the scientist. It makes the results sound more objective.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Voz pasiva con 'ser' or 'Se' pasivo
English uses the passive voice much more frequently than Spanish in daily speech.
La voix passive
French participles change endings (e.g., mangé, mangée, mangés), while English ones don't.
Vorgangspassiv
German uses 'werden' for actions and 'sein' for states; English uses 'be' for both.
受動態 (Judōtai)
Japanese passive is often used to show that the subject is negatively affected by the action.
المبني للمجهول (Al-mabni lil-majhul)
There is no equivalent to the word 'is' or 'are' in the Arabic passive structure.
被字句 (Bèi zì jù)
The passive in Chinese often carries a negative connotation, though this is changing in modern usage.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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