Passive Berichtsstrukturen (Er soll sein...)
Meister der Nuancen und kannst Informationen objektiv und präzise wiedergeben.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use these structures to report information objectively without naming a specific source, common in journalism and academic writing.
- Use 'It + passive verb + that-clause' for general statements like 'It is said that he is rich'.
- Use 'Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive' for personal focus like 'He is said to be rich'.
- Match the infinitive tense (simple, continuous, perfect) to the timing of the reported action.
Overview
The company is said to be facing financial difficulties oder The suspect is understood to have left the country. Diese Konstruktionen, die sogenannten Passive Reporting Structures, sind das absolute Markenzeichen für Englisch auf C1-Niveau.He is said to be...-Struktur jedoch wesentlich präziser und formaler. Sie erlaubt es dir, Informationen weiterzugeben, ohne dich selbst als Quelle zu verbürgen oder eine spezifische Person nennen zu müssen, die diese Behauptung aufgestellt hat.- 1Aktiv:
People say that he is a genius.(Die Leute sagen, dass er ein Genie ist.)
It):- 1Unpersönliches Passiv:
It is said that he is a genius.(Es wird gesagt, dass er ein Genie ist.)
- 1Passive Reporting Structure:
He is said to be a genius.
- Deutsch: „Er soll ein Genie sein.“
- Englisch:
He is said to be a genius.
is said to übernimmt hier exakt die Funktion unseres „sollen“ im Sinne von „man sagt über ihn“. Aber Achtung: Das Englische bietet hier viel mehr Varianz als nur say. Wir können fast jedes Verb des Denkens, Wissens oder Behauptens in diese Form pressen: believe, know, think, report, understand, expect, allege, claim, consider.He is said to be... erzeugst du einen flüssigen, professionellen Satzbau, der den Leser direkt zum Kern der Information führt.to + Grundform).- Aktiv:
They believe that she lives in London. - Passiv:
She is believed to live in London. - Deutsch: „Man glaubt, dass sie in London lebt“ oder „Sie soll in London leben“.
to be + -ing.- Aktiv:
People report that the protesters are moving towards the center. - Passiv:
The protesters are reported to be moving towards the center. - Deutsch: „Es wird berichtet, dass sich die Demonstranten gerade in Richtung Zentrum bewegen.“
to have + Partizip Perfekt) nutzen.- Aktiv:
They say that he stole the money. - Passiv:
He is said to have stolen the money. - Deutsch: „Er soll das Geld gestohlen haben.“
to have been + -ing.- Aktiv:
It is thought that they had been planning the coup for years. - Passiv:
They are thought to have been planning the coup for years.
to + Verb | He is said to be rich. |to be + -ing | He is thought to be hiding. |to have + Partizip | He is reported to have resigned. |to have been + -ing | He is alleged to have been working for the KGB. |The results are considered to be inaccurate. Das klingt nach einem objektiven Konsens der Fachwelt.He is alleged to have stolen the car. (Es wird behauptet, dass...). Das Wort alleged ist hier dein bester Freund.The management is expected to announce some changes next week. Das wirkt professionell, kontrolliert und weniger klatschhaft.The castle is known to be haunted. oder Drinking green tea is thought to improve health. Hier dient die Struktur dazu, eine allgemeine Wahrheit auszudrücken, ohne eine spezifische wissenschaftliche Studie zitieren zu müssen.that aus der unpersönlichen Struktur (It is said that...) in die persönliche Struktur zu retten.- Falsch:
*He is said that he is rich.* - Richtig:
He is said to be rich. - Warum passiert das? Im Deutschen sagen wir „Man sagt, dass er reich ist“. Das „dass“ (that) ist in unserem Kopf fest verankert. Merke dir: Sobald die Person am Anfang steht (
He,The company,The car), folgt immer ein Infinitiv mitto, niemals einthat-Satz.
should.- Falsch:
*He should be in Berlin.*(Das bedeutet: Er müsste eigentlich in Berlin sein / Es wäre seine Pflicht, dort zu sein). - Richtig:
He is said to be in Berlin. - Warum passiert das?
Shoulddrückt im Englischen fast immer eine Empfehlung oder eine Erwartung aus, aber fast nie ein Gerücht. Nutze für Gerüchte immer die Passiv-Struktur.
- Falsch:
*The Vikings are known to discover America.* - Richtig:
The Vikings are known to have discovered America. - Warum passiert das? Im Deutschen nutzen wir oft das Präsens für vergangene Dinge, wenn der Kontext klar ist. Im Englischen ist der Perfect Infinitive (
to have discovered) bei dieser Struktur zwingend erforderlich, um die Vorzeitigkeit zu markieren.
He is said to be...-Struktur von der It is said that...-Struktur abzugrenzen. Beide sind passiv, haben aber unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte.It is said that he is... | Die Information als Ganzes | Etwas distanzierter, oft als Einleitungssatz in Texten. |He is said to be... | Die Person/Sache (das Subjekt) | Dynamischer, fokussierter, sehr häufig in der gesprochenen gehobenen Sprache. |Supposed tois said to mit is supposed to.He is said to be talented.= Die Leute sagen, er sei talentiert (Gerücht/Ruf).He is supposed to be here at 8:00.= Er sollte eigentlich um 8:00 Uhr hier sein (Erwartung/Pflicht).
supposed to manchmal auch für Gerüchte genutzt wird (This movie is supposed to be good), hat es fast immer einen Beigeschmack von „eigentlich sollte es so sein (aber vielleicht ist es nicht so)“. Is said to ist neutraler.say, believe, think, know, report, expect, claim, understand, consider, allege. Verben wie tell oder inform funktionieren in diesem Muster nicht, da sie ein direktes Objekt (eine Person, die informiert wird) benötigen.He is NOT known to have any relatives. (Es ist nicht bekannt, dass er Verwandte hat). Wenn du die Handlung selbst verneinen willst, setzt du das not vor den Infinitiv: He is said NOT to like his new job.He was thought to be dead. (Man dachte [damals], er sei tot). Hier verschiebt sich die gesamte Perspektive in die Vergangenheit. Die Regeln für den Infinitiv bleiben aber gleich: He was thought to have died bedeutet, dass man damals dachte, er sei bereits zuvor gestorben.Personal Structure: Subject + Passive Verb + Infinitive
| Time of Action | Infinitive Form | Example Structure | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present/Future
|
Simple (to do)
|
is said to [verb]
|
He is said to live in Paris.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Continuous (to be doing)
|
is thought to be [verb-ing]
|
She is thought to be sleeping.
|
|
Past
|
Perfect (to have done)
|
is believed to have [past part.]
|
They are believed to have left.
|
|
Past Continuous
|
Perfect Continuous (to have been doing)
|
is alleged to have been [verb-ing]
|
He is alleged to have been lying.
|
Common Passive Reporting Verbs
| Verb | Passive Form (Impersonal) | Passive Form (Personal) |
|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
It is said that...
|
Subject is said to...
|
|
Think
|
It is thought that...
|
Subject is thought to...
|
|
Believe
|
It is believed that...
|
Subject is believed to...
|
|
Report
|
It is reported that...
|
Subject is reported to...
|
|
Claim
|
It is claimed that...
|
Subject is claimed to...
|
|
Allege
|
It is alleged that...
|
Subject is alleged to...
|
Meanings
A formal way to report thoughts, beliefs, or rumors without identifying the speaker, often used to create a sense of distance or objectivity.
General Consensus
Reporting what is widely believed or accepted by the public or a specific group.
“It is generally accepted that climate change is accelerating.”
“The company is thought to be the market leader.”
Rumors and Speculation
Reporting unconfirmed information or gossip in a way that avoids personal responsibility for the claim.
“He is rumored to be dating a famous actress.”
“The CEO is said to be considering a resignation.”
Expectations and Requirements
Reporting what is expected to happen or what people are required to do based on general knowledge.
“The train is expected to arrive ten minutes late.”
“Passengers are requested to remain seated.”
Reference Table
| Berichtsverb | Passivform | Infinitiv für Gegenwart/Allgemein | Infinitiv für Vergangenheit |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
is/are said
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Believe
|
is/are believed
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Know
|
is/are known
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Think
|
is/are thought
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Report
|
is/are reported
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Expect
|
is/are expected
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
|
Understand
|
is/are understood
|
to be / to + Base Verb
|
to have been / to have + Past Participle
|
Formalitätsspektrum
He is reputed to possess considerable wealth. (Financial status)
He is said to be very rich. (Financial status)
Word is he's loaded. (Financial status)
I heard he's got mad stacks. (Financial status)
Beispiele nach Niveau
People say he is a good doctor.
They think the movie is long.
Everyone says the food is great.
I hear he is from Italy.
It is said that the city is beautiful.
People believe that he is very rich.
It is thought that the test is hard.
They say that she is a famous singer.
It is reported that the weather will be bad.
He is said to be a very kind man.
It is believed that the fire started in the kitchen.
The company is thought to be very successful.
The athlete is expected to win the gold medal.
It is claimed that the new drug has no side effects.
The painting is believed to be a genuine Picasso.
He is rumored to have resigned from his post.
The CEO is alleged to have been embezzling funds for years.
It is widely understood that the treaty is no longer valid.
The species was thought to have gone extinct in the 19th century.
The manuscript is reputed to be the oldest in existence.
The diplomat is purported to have acted as a double agent during the war.
It is surmised that the civilization collapsed due to prolonged drought.
The author is widely held to have revolutionized the modern novel.
The suspect is reported to be evading capture in the mountains.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners often use 'supposed to' when they mean 'said to'. 'Supposed to' often implies an obligation or a failed expectation.
Mixing the 'that' clause with the 'to' infinitive.
Using 'People say' in a formal essay.
Häufige Fehler
He say he is happy.
He says he is happy.
People is say he is rich.
People say he is rich.
They thinks it is good.
They think it is good.
I am hear he is nice.
I hear he is nice.
It said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He is say to be rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is thought he rich.
It is thought that he is rich.
He is said that he is rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is believed to be rich.
He is believed to be rich.
He is thought have left.
He is thought to have left.
He is alleged to steal the money yesterday.
He is alleged to have stolen the money yesterday.
It is reported the company to be closing.
The company is reported to be closing.
He is understood to being working hard.
He is understood to be working hard.
The suspect is claimed to have been escaped.
The suspect is claimed to have escaped.
Satzmuster
It is ___ that ___.
Subject is said to ___.
Subject is thought to have ___.
Subject is alleged to have been ___.
Real World Usage
Local Man Said to Be Missing After Storm
The results are thought to indicate a shift in climate patterns.
The defendant is alleged to have committed the robbery.
She's rumored to be getting a promotion.
The flight is expected to be delayed.
The king was believed to have died in battle.
Wähle dein Verb weise!
It is alleged klingt viel ernster als It is said.Achte auf den Zeitpunkt des Infinitivs!
The biggest trap is using the wrong infinitive (to be vs. to have been).Klinge akademischer
It makes your claims sound more researched and less like personal opinion.Englisch vs. andere Sprachen
Don't directly translate from your native language; always check the English timing rules.Vereinfache, wenn möglich
to be weglassen, besonders nach considered. He is considered brilliant ist oft genug, statt He is considered to be brilliant, wenn die Bedeutung klar bleibt.Smart Tips
Switch to 'It is widely believed that...' or 'It is often claimed that...'.
Always use 'to have + past participle'.
Use 'rumored to' or 'alleged to' to protect yourself from sounding like you're stating a fact.
Check for 'that' immediately after the reporting verb.
Aussprache
Weak form of 'to'
In the personal structure, the word 'to' is usually unstressed and pronounced as a schwa /tə/.
Stress on reporting verb
The main stress usually falls on the past participle of the reporting verb (e.g., 'said', 'thought', 'believed').
Falling intonation for facts
He is said to be the best. ↘
Conveys a sense of reporting a known or accepted fact.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Remember 'IT' for the whole sentence (It is said that...), and 'TO' for the person (He is said TO...).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. They don't say 'My friend told me'; they say 'It is reported that...'. The desk represents the distance and formality of the structure.
Rhyme
If you start with 'It', a 'that' is a fit. If you start with 'He', a 'to' it must be!
Story
A detective is investigating a crime. He doesn't know who did it, so he writes in his notebook: 'The suspect is believed to have escaped.' He uses this to sound professional and avoid blaming the wrong person too early.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write three sentences about a famous celebrity using 'is said to be', 'is thought to have', and 'is rumored to be doing'.
Kulturelle Hinweise
British journalism (especially the BBC or broadsheets) uses these structures extensively to maintain a 'neutral' and 'unbiased' stance.
In Western academia, using 'It is thought that' is preferred over 'I think' to make the research seem more universal and less personal.
The word 'alleged' is legally crucial. Media must say 'The alleged thief' or 'He is alleged to have stolen' until a person is convicted to avoid lawsuits.
These structures evolved from the Latin 'dicitur' (it is said) and 'videtur' (it seems), which were common in legal and scholarly texts.
Gesprächseinstiege
What is a place in your country that is said to be haunted?
Which celebrity is rumored to be starting a new project right now?
In your field of study, what is a theory that is widely held to be true?
Discuss a historical figure who is alleged to have committed a crime that was never proven.
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
The ancient city ___ to have existed for over 2,000 years.
is believed die korrekte Passivform. Der Infinitiv to have existed zeigt korrekt an, dass die Handlung in der Vergangenheit stattfand.Find and fix the mistake:
The documents are said have been lost.
to + Grundform des Verbs, oder to have + Partizip Perfekt für vergangene Handlungen. Hier ist to have been lost korrekt.Wähle den korrekten Satz aus:
to have studied erforderlich.Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesThe CEO is believed ______ the company last night.
It ______ that the new law will be passed next week.
Find and fix the mistake:
He is thought that he is the best player in the team.
People believe that the suspect is hiding in the woods.
The structure 'It is said that...' is more informal than 'People say...'.
A: Have you heard about the new manager? B: Yes, he ______ very strict.
Select the correct group.
1. People say he is rich. 2. People think he was rich.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe ancient scroll ___ to contain secret knowledge.
The suspect ___ the country before the police arrived.
The new building is expected finished next month.
He is said to being a brilliant scientist, but he retired last year.
Which sentence is correct?
Select the correct option:
Translate into English: 'Se dice que el concierto ha sido cancelado.'
Translate into English: 'Se cree que el sospechoso estaba mintiendo durante el interrogatorio.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentences with the correct infinitive endings:
Complete the sentences by matching the halves.
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, only 'reporting verbs' like `say`, `think`, `believe`, `claim`, `allege`, `report`, `understand`, and `expect` work.
The meaning is the same, but 'He is said' focuses on the person, while 'It is said' focuses on the whole situation. 'He is said' is generally considered more advanced.
Use `to have been` (Perfect Infinitive) when the action you are reporting happened *before* the time of reporting. Example: `He is said to have been a spy in the 80s`.
It is less common in casual speech. In conversation, we usually say `I've heard that...` or `People say...`.
Yes! You can say `It was thought that...` or `He was believed to be...` to report what people thought in the past.
Mostly, yes. It implies that a claim has been made but not yet proven, which is why it's so common in legal and police contexts.
Because it creates 'distance' between the speaker and the information. You aren't saying *you* believe it; you're saying *it is believed* by others.
No. You cannot say `He is said that he is...`. You must use the infinitive: `He is said to be...`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que... / Se cree que...
Spanish prefers the 'It is said that' equivalent almost exclusively.
On dit que... / Il est dit que...
English 'He is said to' must be translated as 'On dit qu'il...' in French.
Man sagt... / Er soll ... sein
German uses the modal 'sollen' to express 'is said to'.
...to iwarete iru (〜と言われている)
The structure is very similar, but Japanese word order is Subject-Object-Verb.
Yuqal 'anna... (يُقال أن)
Arabic rarely uses a personal infinitive structure for reporting.
Jùshuō (据说)
Chinese uses a lexical marker (Jùshuō) rather than a grammatical passive construction.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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