C1 Passive & Reported Speech 16 min read कठिन

पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)

इन स्ट्रक्चर्स में महारत हासिल करके तुम्हारी इंग्लिश बहुत «अथॉरिटेटिव» और «नुअंस्ड» लगेगी, बिलकुल एक C1 स्पीकर की तरह।
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use these structures to report information objectively without naming a specific source, common in journalism and academic writing.

  • Use 'It + passive verb + that-clause' for general statements like 'It is said that he is rich'.
  • Use 'Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive' for personal focus like 'He is said to be rich'.
  • Match the infinitive tense (simple, continuous, perfect) to the timing of the reported action.
👤 (Subject) + 🗣️ (Passive Verb) + 🔗 (to + Verb)

Overview

### Overview
English grammar में C1 level पर पहुँचने का मतलब है कि अब आप सिर्फ भाषा बोल नहीं रहे हैं, बल्कि आप उसे 'manipulate' करना सीख रहे हैं। Passive Reporting Structures (जैसे He is said to be...) इसी महारत का एक हिस्सा हैं। जब हम किसी जानकारी को बिना किसी व्यक्ति का नाम लिए, एक औपचारिक (formal) और तटस्थ (neutral) तरीके से पेश करना चाहते हैं, तब हम इस structure का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।
Hindi में हम अक्सर कहते हैं, «सुना है कि वो बहुत अमीर है» या «कहा जाता है कि यह पुरानी हवेली शापित है।» यहाँ 'सुना है' या 'कहा जाता है' का कोई स्पष्ट 'Subject' नहीं है—यानी हम यह नहीं बता रहे कि किसने कहा। English में इसी बात को और भी sophisticated तरीके से कहने के लिए हम Passive Reporting Structures का सहारा लेते हैं।
यह structure विशेष रूप से News Reporting, Academic Writing, और Professional Conversations में बहुत काम आता है। यह आपको एक ऐसी 'linguistic shield' (भाषाई ढाल) देता है जिससे आप किसी खबर या राय को बिना उसकी पूरी जिम्मेदारी लिए साझा कर सकते हैं। एक C1 learner के तौर पर, आपको यह समझना होगा कि यह सिर्फ एक व्याकरण का नियम नहीं है, बल्कि यह 'objectivity' (निष्पक्षता) और 'detachment' (तटस्थता) दिखाने का एक तरीका है।
### How This Grammar Works
इस structure को समझने के लिए सबसे पहले यह देखो कि एक साधारण वाक्य कैसे बदलता है।
मान लो वाक्य है: People say that he is a genius. (लोग कहते हैं कि वह जीनियस है।)
यहाँ People subject है और say verb है।
अब इसे Passive बनाने के दो तरीके हैं:
  1. 1Impersonal Passive: It is said that he is a genius. (यह कहा जाता है कि वह जीनियस है।)
  2. 2Personal Passive (Reporting Structure): He is said to be a genius. (उसे जीनियस कहा जाता है।)
दूसरे वाले structure में हमने क्या किया? हमने that के बाद वाले 'Subject' (he) को उठा कर वाक्य की शुरुआत में रख दिया। इसे Linguistics में 'Subject-to-Subject Raising' कहते हैं।
Hindi में हमारे पास इसके लिए कोई सीधा समानांतर structure नहीं है। हम आमतौर पर «ऐसा माना जाता है कि...» (It is believed that...) का प्रयोग करते हैं। लेकिन English में He is believed to be... कहना ज़्यादा 'advanced' और 'concise' माना जाता है।
यहाँ मुख्य खेल Reporting Verbs का है। ये वे क्रियाएँ हैं जो जानकारी देने का काम करती हैं, जैसे: say, believe, know, think, report, understand, expect, allege, claim, consider।
जब हम इन verbs को passive में बदलते हैं (is said, is believed), तो उसके बाद आने वाली क्रिया Infinitive (to + verb) के रूप में आती है। यह Infinitive ही तय करता है कि बात अभी की हो रही है, पुरानी हो रही है, या भविष्य की।
### Formation Pattern
इस structure को बनाने का एक निश्चित formula है। इसे ध्यान से समझो क्योंकि सारा खेल समय (Tense) का है।
Main Pattern: Subject + Passive Reporting Verb + Infinitive Phrase
यहाँ 4 मुख्य स्थितियाँ बनती हैं:
1. Present or General Truth (वर्तमान या सामान्य सत्य):
जब रिपोर्ट की जा रही बात वर्तमान की हो या हमेशा के लिए सच हो, तो हम to + base verb (Simple Infinitive) का उपयोग करते हैं।
  • Active: People believe that he lives in London.
  • Passive: He is believed to live in London.
*(माना जाता है कि वह लंदन में रहता है।)*
2. Past Action (बीती हुई बात):
जब रिपोर्ट की जा रही बात अतीत की हो, तो हम to have + past participle (Perfect Infinitive) का उपयोग करते हैं। यह Hindi बोलने वालों के लिए सबसे मुश्किल हिस्सा होता है।
  • Active: The police think that the thief escaped.
  • Passive: The thief is thought to have escaped.
*(सोचा जा रहा है कि चोर भाग गया है।)*
3. Continuous Action (जारी काम):
जब कोई काम अभी चल रहा हो, तो to be + -ing (Continuous Infinitive) का उपयोग करें।
  • Active: They say that she is working on a new project.
  • Passive: She is said to be working on a new project.
*(कहा जा रहा है कि वह एक नए प्रोजेक्ट पर काम कर रही है।)*
4. Past Continuous Action (अतीत में जारी काम):
अगर काम अतीत में चल रहा था, तो to have been + -ing का उपयोग करें।
  • Active: Reports suggest that they were hiding in the mountains.
  • Passive: They are reported to have been hiding in the mountains.
*(खबर है कि वे पहाड़ों में छिपे हुए थे।)*
| Tense of Reported Action | Infinitive Form | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | to do | He is said to own three cars. |
| Present Continuous | to be doing | The actor is thought to be dating a model. |
| Past Simple / Present Perfect | to have done | The bridge is believed to have collapsed due to rain. |
| Past Continuous | to have been doing | He is alleged to have been taking bribes for years. |
### When To Use It
एक C1 speaker के तौर पर, आपको पता होना चाहिए कि इसे कब 'इस्तेमाल करना है' और कब 'बचना है'।
  • Journalism और News Reporting में:
जब पत्रकारों के पास पुख्ता सबूत नहीं होते या वे किसी का नाम नहीं लेना चाहते, तो वे इसी का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।
*Example:* The minister is alleged to have misused public funds.
(यहाँ alleged शब्द पत्रकार को कानूनी पचड़ों से बचाता है क्योंकि वह सीधे आरोप नहीं लगा रहा, बल्कि कह रहा है कि 'ऐसा आरोप है'।)
  • Academic और Scientific Writing में:
जब आप किसी रिसर्च या थ्योरी की बात करते हैं जो व्यापक रूप से मानी जाती है।
*Example:* The virus is known to mutate rapidly.
(यह I know that the virus mutates से कहीं ज़्यादा प्रोफेशनल और प्रभावशाली लगता है।)
  • अफवाहों (Rumours) की बात करते समय:
बाज़ार में चल रही बातों या 'Gossip' के लिए यह बेहतरीन है।
*Example:* The company is rumored to be filing for bankruptcy.
(कंपनी के दिवालिया होने की अफवाह है।)
  • औपचारिक बैठकों (Formal Meetings) में:
जब आप किसी सहकर्मी या क्लाइंट के बारे में कोई ऐसी बात कहना चाहते हैं जो शायद पूरी तरह पक्की न हो।
*Example:* The client is understood to be unhappy with the current proposal.
(समझा जाता है कि क्लाइंट मौजूदा प्रस्ताव से खुश नहीं है।)
### Common Mistakes
Hindi-speaking learners अक्सर इन structures में कुछ खास गलतियाँ करते हैं क्योंकि वे Hindi के वाक्यों को सीधे English में अनुवाद करने की कोशिश करते हैं।
1. 'That' और 'To' का मिश्रण (The Hybrid Error):
सबसे आम गलती है: He is said that he is rich.
*क्यों होती है यह गलती?* क्योंकि Hindi में हम कहते हैं «वह कहा जाता है कि वह अमीर है।»
*सही क्या है?* या तो कहें It is said that he is rich या He is said to be rich। दोनों को मिलाएँ नहीं।
2. Infinitive का गलत समय (Tense Confusion):
अक्सर लोग अतीत की बात के लिए भी Simple Infinitive लगा देते हैं।
*गलत:* He is said to win the match yesterday.
*सही:* He is said to have won the match yesterday.
*याद रखें:* अगर काम खत्म हो चुका है, तो to have + 3rd form अनिवार्य है।
3. 'Say' और 'Tell' का गलत चुनाव:
Passive reporting में say का इस्तेमाल होता है, tell का नहीं।
*गलत:* He is told to be a hero.
*सही:* He is said to be a hero.
(English में He is told... का मतलब हो जाएगा कि किसी ने उसे आदेश दिया है।)
4. Subject-Verb Agreement की अनदेखी:
जब हम They are thought to... कहते हैं, तो अक्सर लोग 'Subject' के हिसाब से is/are बदलना भूल जाते हैं।
*गलत:* The documents is believed to be lost.
*सही:* The documents are believed to be lost.
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
अक्सर छात्र It is said that... और He is said to... के बीच उलझ जाते हैं। नीचे दी गई टेबल से अंतर समझें:
| Feature | Impersonal Passive (It is said that...) | Personal Passive (He is said to...) |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | हमेशा It से शुरू होता है। | उस व्यक्ति या वस्तु से शुरू होता है जिसके बारे में बात हो रही है। |
| Focus | पूरी जानकारी (clause) पर ध्यान होता है। | मुख्य पात्र (Subject) पर ध्यान होता है। |
| Complexity | बनाने में आसान है। | C1 level की sophistication दिखाता है। |
| Example | It is expected that the rain will stop. | The rain is expected to stop. |
इसके अलावा, एक और structure है: There is said to be...
इसका इस्तेमाल तब होता है जब हम किसी चीज़ के 'होने' (existence) की बात करते हैं।
*Example:* There are said to be ghosts in that building. (कहा जाता है कि उस बिल्डिंग में भूत हैं।)
यहाँ It is said that there are ghosts... को बदल कर There को मुख्य subject बना दिया गया है।
### Quick FAQ
Q1: क्या मैं हर verb के साथ यह structure बना सकता हूँ?
नहीं। यह सिर्फ 'Reporting Verbs' या 'Verbs of Thinking/Perception' के साथ काम करता है। आप He is eaten to be... नहीं कह सकते। मुख्य verbs हैं: say, believe, think, know, report, expect, claim, allege, consider, understand।
Q2: 'He is said to be' और 'He is said to have been' में क्या अंतर है?
He is said to be का मतलब है कि वह अभी वैसा है (जैसे: He is said to be rich - कहा जाता है कि वह अभी अमीर है)।
He is said to have been का मतलब है कि वह पहले वैसा था (जैसे: He is said to have been rich - कहा जाता है कि वह पहले अमीर था, शायद अब नहीं है)।
Q3: क्या यह structure बहुत ज़्यादा formal है? क्या मैं इसे दोस्तों के साथ इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ?
यह काफी formal है। चाय की दुकान पर दोस्तों के साथ आप शायद I heard that... या They say... कहेंगे। लेकिन अगर आप ऑफिस में किसी प्रोजेक्ट की रिपोर्ट दे रहे हैं या WhatsApp पर किसी गंभीर खबर पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं, तो यह आपकी English को बहुत 'polished' दिखाएगा।
Q4: 'Supposed to' भी तो ऐसा ही लगता है, क्या वो अलग है?
हाँ, be supposed to के दो मतलब होते हैं। एक तो यही 'reporting' वाला (जैसे: It's supposed to be a good movie - सुना है अच्छी फिल्म है)। लेकिन इसका दूसरा मतलब 'कर्तव्य' या 'उम्मीद' (obligation/expectation) भी होता है (जैसे: You are supposed to be here at 9 - तुम्हें यहाँ 9 बजे होना चाहिए)। He is said to... में सिर्फ जानकारी देने का भाव होता है, कर्तव्य का नहीं।

Personal Structure: Subject + Passive Verb + Infinitive

Time of Action Infinitive Form Example Structure Example Sentence
Present/Future
Simple (to do)
is said to [verb]
He is said to live in Paris.
Present Continuous
Continuous (to be doing)
is thought to be [verb-ing]
She is thought to be sleeping.
Past
Perfect (to have done)
is believed to have [past part.]
They are believed to have left.
Past Continuous
Perfect Continuous (to have been doing)
is alleged to have been [verb-ing]
He is alleged to have been lying.

Common Passive Reporting Verbs

Verb Passive Form (Impersonal) Passive Form (Personal)
Say
It is said that...
Subject is said to...
Think
It is thought that...
Subject is thought to...
Believe
It is believed that...
Subject is believed to...
Report
It is reported that...
Subject is reported to...
Claim
It is claimed that...
Subject is claimed to...
Allege
It is alleged that...
Subject is alleged to...

Meanings

A formal way to report thoughts, beliefs, or rumors without identifying the speaker, often used to create a sense of distance or objectivity.

1

General Consensus

Reporting what is widely believed or accepted by the public or a specific group.

“It is generally accepted that climate change is accelerating.”

“The company is thought to be the market leader.”

2

Rumors and Speculation

Reporting unconfirmed information or gossip in a way that avoids personal responsibility for the claim.

“He is rumored to be dating a famous actress.”

“The CEO is said to be considering a resignation.”

3

Expectations and Requirements

Reporting what is expected to happen or what people are required to do based on general knowledge.

“The train is expected to arrive ten minutes late.”

“Passengers are requested to remain seated.”

Reference Table

Reference table for पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)
रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब पैसिव फॉर्म प्रेजेंट/जनरल के लिए इंफिनिटिव पास्ट के लिए इंफिनिटिव
Say
is/are said
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Believe
is/are believed
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Know
is/are known
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Think
is/are thought
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Report
is/are reported
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Expect
is/are expected
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle
Understand
is/are understood
to be / to + Base Verb
to have been / to have + Past Participle

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
He is reputed to possess considerable wealth.

He is reputed to possess considerable wealth. (Financial status)

तटस्थ
He is said to be very rich.

He is said to be very rich. (Financial status)

अनौपचारिक
Word is he's loaded.

Word is he's loaded. (Financial status)

बोलचाल
I heard he's got mad stacks.

I heard he's got mad stacks. (Financial status)

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

People say he is a good doctor.

2

They think the movie is long.

3

Everyone says the food is great.

4

I hear he is from Italy.

1

It is said that the city is beautiful.

2

People believe that he is very rich.

3

It is thought that the test is hard.

4

They say that she is a famous singer.

1

It is reported that the weather will be bad.

2

He is said to be a very kind man.

3

It is believed that the fire started in the kitchen.

4

The company is thought to be very successful.

1

The athlete is expected to win the gold medal.

2

It is claimed that the new drug has no side effects.

3

The painting is believed to be a genuine Picasso.

4

He is rumored to have resigned from his post.

1

The CEO is alleged to have been embezzling funds for years.

2

It is widely understood that the treaty is no longer valid.

3

The species was thought to have gone extinct in the 19th century.

4

The manuscript is reputed to be the oldest in existence.

1

The diplomat is purported to have acted as a double agent during the war.

2

It is surmised that the civilization collapsed due to prolonged drought.

3

The author is widely held to have revolutionized the modern novel.

4

The suspect is reported to be evading capture in the mountains.

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

Passive Reporting Structures (He is said to be...) बनाम Supposed to vs. Said to

Learners often use 'supposed to' when they mean 'said to'. 'Supposed to' often implies an obligation or a failed expectation.

Passive Reporting Structures (He is said to be...) बनाम It is said that vs. He is said to

Mixing the 'that' clause with the 'to' infinitive.

Passive Reporting Structures (He is said to be...) बनाम Passive vs. Active Reporting

Using 'People say' in a formal essay.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

✗

He say he is happy.

✓

He says he is happy.

Subject-verb agreement error.
✗

People is say he is rich.

✓

People say he is rich.

Incorrect use of 'be' with active verbs.
✗

They thinks it is good.

✓

They think it is good.

Adding -s to plural subjects.
✗

I am hear he is nice.

✓

I hear he is nice.

Using 'am' unnecessarily.
✗

It said that he is rich.

✓

It is said that he is rich.

Missing the auxiliary 'be' in passive.
✗

He is say to be rich.

✓

He is said to be rich.

Using base form instead of past participle.
✗

It is thought he rich.

✓

It is thought that he is rich.

Missing the 'that' or the verb in the clause.
✗

He is said that he is rich.

✓

He is said to be rich.

Mixing the impersonal and personal structures.
✗

It is believed to be rich.

✓

He is believed to be rich.

Using 'It' as a subject for a personal attribute.
✗

He is thought have left.

✓

He is thought to have left.

Missing 'to' in the infinitive.
✗

He is alleged to steal the money yesterday.

✓

He is alleged to have stolen the money yesterday.

Using simple infinitive for a past action.
✗

It is reported the company to be closing.

✓

The company is reported to be closing.

Incorrect structure for reporting ongoing actions.
✗

He is understood to being working hard.

✓

He is understood to be working hard.

Using 'being' instead of 'be' for continuous infinitive.
✗

The suspect is claimed to have been escaped.

✓

The suspect is claimed to have escaped.

Unnecessary passive inside the infinitive (escaped is intransitive).

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

It is ___ that ___.

Subject is said to ___.

Subject is thought to have ___.

Subject is alleged to have been ___.

Real World Usage

News Headlines constant

Local Man Said to Be Missing After Storm

Academic Journals very common

The results are thought to indicate a shift in climate patterns.

Legal Proceedings constant

The defendant is alleged to have committed the robbery.

Office Gossip common

She's rumored to be getting a promotion.

Travel Announcements occasional

The flight is expected to be delayed.

History Books very common

The king was believed to have died in battle.

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
💡

अपना वर्ब समझदारी से चुनो!

रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब (say, believe, expect) का चुनाव तुम्हारे स्टेटमेंट के अर्थ में हल्का सा बदलाव ला सकता है। 'It is alleged' में 'It is said' से ज़्यादा गलत काम का संकेत होता है।
It is alleged that he stole the money.
⚠️

इंफिनिटिव के टाइमिंग पर ध्यान दो!

सबसे बड़ा जाल गलत इंफिनिटिव ('to be' बनाम 'to have been') का इस्तेमाल करना है। हमेशा पूछो: क्या रिपोर्ट किया गया एक्शन रिपोर्टिंग के समय ही हुआ, या उससे पहले?
He is believed to have finished the work.
🎯

ज़्यादा एकेडमिक लगो

यूनिवर्सिटी पेपर्स या फॉर्मल प्रेजेंटेशन में, इन स्ट्रक्चर्स का इस्तेमाल करने से ऑब्जेक्टिविटी और एकेडमिक टच आता है। इससे तुम्हारे दावे ज़्यादा रिसर्च वाले लगते हैं, न कि पर्सनल राय।
The research is understood to support this hypothesis.
🌍

इंग्लिश बनाम अन्य भाषाएँ

हालांकि कई भाषाओं में ऐसे ही स्ट्रक्चर्स होते हैं, लेकिन इंफिनिटिव का सटीक इस्तेमाल अलग हो सकता है। अपनी मातृभाषा से सीधा अनुवाद मत करना; हमेशा इंग्लिश के टाइमिंग रूल्स चेक करना।
He is said to be rich.
(न कि
He is said rich
)
💡

जब मुमकिन हो, सरल बनाओ

कभी-कभी, 'considered' के बाद 'to be' छोड़ा जा सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, 'He is considered brilliant' अक्सर ठीक होता है 'He is considered to be brilliant' की जगह, अगर स्पष्टता नहीं खोती।
He is considered brilliant.

Smart Tips

Switch to 'It is widely believed that...' or 'It is often claimed that...'.

People say that technology is bad for kids. → It is often claimed that technology has a detrimental effect on children.

Always use 'to have + past participle'.

He is said to be a hero in the war. → He is said to have been a hero in the war.

Use 'rumored to' or 'alleged to' to protect yourself from sounding like you're stating a fact.

He stole the money. → He is alleged to have stolen the money.

Check for 'that' immediately after the reporting verb.

It is said him to be a doctor. → It is said that he is a doctor.

उच्चारण

/hiː ɪz sed tə biː rɪtʃ/

Weak form of 'to'

In the personal structure, the word 'to' is usually unstressed and pronounced as a schwa /tə/.

It is be-LIEVED that...

Stress on reporting verb

The main stress usually falls on the past participle of the reporting verb (e.g., 'said', 'thought', 'believed').

Falling intonation for facts

He is said to be the best. ↘

Conveys a sense of reporting a known or accepted fact.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Remember 'IT' for the whole sentence (It is said that...), and 'TO' for the person (He is said TO...).

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. They don't say 'My friend told me'; they say 'It is reported that...'. The desk represents the distance and formality of the structure.

Rhyme

If you start with 'It', a 'that' is a fit. If you start with 'He', a 'to' it must be!

Story

A detective is investigating a crime. He doesn't know who did it, so he writes in his notebook: 'The suspect is believed to have escaped.' He uses this to sound professional and avoid blaming the wrong person too early.

Word Web

allegepurportreputerumorclaimunderstandsuppose

चैलेंज

Write three sentences about a famous celebrity using 'is said to be', 'is thought to have', and 'is rumored to be doing'.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

British journalism (especially the BBC or broadsheets) uses these structures extensively to maintain a 'neutral' and 'unbiased' stance.

In Western academia, using 'It is thought that' is preferred over 'I think' to make the research seem more universal and less personal.

The word 'alleged' is legally crucial. Media must say 'The alleged thief' or 'He is alleged to have stolen' until a person is convicted to avoid lawsuits.

These structures evolved from the Latin 'dicitur' (it is said) and 'videtur' (it seems), which were common in legal and scholarly texts.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

“

What is a place in your country that is said to be haunted?

“

Which celebrity is rumored to be starting a new project right now?

“

In your field of study, what is a theory that is widely held to be true?

“

Discuss a historical figure who is alleged to have committed a crime that was never proven.

डायरी विषय

Write a short news report about a fictional bank robbery. Use at least three different passive reporting verbs.
Describe a local legend or myth from your hometown using formal reporting structures.
Write a formal critique of a popular movie, using distancing language to discuss its reception.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

Incorrect

सही

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Test Yourself

वाक्य को पूरा करने के लिए सही फॉर्म चुनें।

The ancient city ___ to have existed for over 2,000 years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is believed
शहर एक सिंगुलर सब्जेक्ट है, इसलिए 'is believed' सही पैसिव फॉर्म है। 'to have existed' इंफिनिटिव सही तरीके से दिखाता है कि एक्शन पास्ट में हुआ था।
वाक्य में गलती ढूंढें और ठीक करें। Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

The documents are said have been lost.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The documents are said to have been lost.
पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब के बाद सही इंफिनिटिव स्ट्रक्चर 'to' + वर्ब का बेस फॉर्म, या पास्ट एक्शन के लिए 'to have' + पास्ट पार्टिसिपल होता है। यहां, 'to have been lost' सही है।
कौन सा वाक्य पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर का सही इस्तेमाल करता है? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is known to have studied abroad last year.
'स्टडी अब्रॉड' का एक्शन 'पिछले साल' (पास्ट में) हुआ था, इसलिए परफेक्ट इंफिनिटिव 'to have studied' की ज़रूरत है।

Score: /3

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises
Choose the correct form to complete the sentence. बहुविकल्पी

The CEO is believed ______ the company last night.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to have left
Since the action (leaving) happened in the past (last night), we must use the perfect infinitive 'to have left'.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb 'say'.

It ______ that the new law will be passed next week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said
This is the impersonal passive structure: It + is + past participle.
Identify the error in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

He is thought that he is the best player in the team.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He is thought to be
You cannot use a 'that' clause immediately after 'He is thought'. You must use a 'to' infinitive.
Rewrite the sentence starting with 'The suspect'. Sentence Transformation

People believe that the suspect is hiding in the woods.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The suspect is believed to be hiding in the woods.
The personal structure uses Subject + is believed + to be [verb-ing] for continuous actions.
Is the following statement true or false? True False Rule

The structure 'It is said that...' is more informal than 'People say...'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Passive reporting structures are more formal and objective than active ones.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Have you heard about the new manager? B: Yes, he ______ very strict.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said to be
The personal structure 'is said to be' is the natural way to report a rumor about a person.
Which of these verbs can be used in a passive reporting structure? Grammar Sorting

Select the correct group.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: think, believe, say, claim
Only reporting/mental state verbs can be used in these structures.
Match the active sentence to its passive reporting equivalent. Match Pairs

1. People say he is rich. 2. People think he was rich.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-He is said to be rich; 2-He is thought to have been rich.
The first is present, the second is past reporting.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब और इंफिनिटिव से वाक्य पूरा करें। खाली जगह भरो

The ancient scroll ___ to contain secret knowledge.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is believed
सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर से वाक्य पूरा करें। खाली जगह भरो

The suspect ___ the country before the police arrived.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is thought to have fled
वाक्य में गलती पहचानें और सुधारें। Error Correction

The new building is expected finished next month.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The new building is expected to be finished next month.
वाक्य में व्याकरण संबंधी गलती सुधारें। Error Correction

He is said to being a brilliant scientist, but he retired last year.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He is said to have been a brilliant scientist, but he retired last year.
वह वाक्य चुनें जो सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर का उपयोग करता है। बहुविकल्पी

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The climate is believed to be changing rapidly.
व्याकरणिक रूप से सही वाक्य चुनें। बहुविकल्पी

Select the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The ancient manuscript is thought to have been written by a monk.
निम्नलिखित वाक्य का अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद करें, पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर का उपयोग करके। अनुवाद

Translate into English: 'Se dice que el concierto ha sido cancelado.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["The concert is said to have been cancelled.","It is said that the concert has been cancelled."]
वाक्य का अनुवाद करें, पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर पर ध्यान केंद्रित करते हुए। अनुवाद

Translate into English: 'Se cree que el sospechoso estaba mintiendo durante el interrogatorio.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["The suspect is believed to have been lying during the interrogation."]
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करें। Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is said to be smart.
एक व्याकरणिक रूप से सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग वाक्य बनाने के लिए शब्दों को फिर से व्यवस्थित करें। Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The goods are reported to have been smuggled across the border.
पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर को उसके टाइमिंग के आधार पर उचित इंफिनिटिव फॉर्म से मैच करें। Match Pairs

Match the sentences with the correct infinitive endings:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
वाक्य के शुरुआती हिस्से को सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग क्लॉज़ से मैच करें। Match Pairs

Complete the sentences by matching the halves.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

No, only 'reporting verbs' like `say`, `think`, `believe`, `claim`, `allege`, `report`, `understand`, and `expect` work.

The meaning is the same, but 'He is said' focuses on the person, while 'It is said' focuses on the whole situation. 'He is said' is generally considered more advanced.

Use `to have been` (Perfect Infinitive) when the action you are reporting happened *before* the time of reporting. Example: `He is said to have been a spy in the 80s`.

It is less common in casual speech. In conversation, we usually say `I've heard that...` or `People say...`.

Yes! You can say `It was thought that...` or `He was believed to be...` to report what people thought in the past.

Mostly, yes. It implies that a claim has been made but not yet proven, which is why it's so common in legal and police contexts.

Because it creates 'distance' between the speaker and the information. You aren't saying *you* believe it; you're saying *it is believed* by others.

No. You cannot say `He is said that he is...`. You must use the infinitive: `He is said to be...`.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Se dice que... / Se cree que...

Spanish prefers the 'It is said that' equivalent almost exclusively.

French moderate

On dit que... / Il est dit que...

English 'He is said to' must be translated as 'On dit qu'il...' in French.

German high

Man sagt... / Er soll ... sein

German uses the modal 'sollen' to express 'is said to'.

Japanese high

...to iwarete iru (〜と言われている)

The structure is very similar, but Japanese word order is Subject-Object-Verb.

Arabic moderate

Yuqal 'anna... (يُقال أن)

Arabic rarely uses a personal infinitive structure for reporting.

Chinese low

Jùshuō (据说)

Chinese uses a lexical marker (Jùshuō) rather than a grammatical passive construction.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)
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रिपोर्ट किए गए प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (कौन, क्या, क्यों) के साथ प्रश्न

Learn These First

B1 Requires

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B1 Requires

अंग्रेजी क्रियाएँ जो इन्फिनिटिव के बाद आती हैं (want to, need to)

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