C1 · उन्नत चैप्टर 9

Reporting Information and Rumors

7 कुल नियम
83 उदाहरण
6 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying information and navigating rumors with confidence and professional flair.

  • Construct sophisticated passive sentences to report hearsay.
  • Convert direct inquiries into fluent reported questions.
  • Command and request information using precise reporting verbs.
Report with authority, speak with precision.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Ready to elevate your conversations, subtly sharing news or expertly relaying information? Dive into this chapter to confidently navigate reported questions and sophisticated passive structures, making your speech sound truly authoritative and refined.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: relay gossip or business news using advanced impersonal passive structures.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

As a C1 English learner, you're not just speaking English; you're mastering its nuances, ready to express complex ideas with sophistication. This chapter,
Reporting Information and Rumors,
is your gateway to sounding truly fluent and authoritative. It equips you with the tools to share news, relay conversations, and even distance yourself from claims, all while maintaining impeccable grammar.
We'll delve into structures that allow you to subtly convey reported information and rumors, moving beyond basic direct speech to a more objective and refined communication style.
This mastery is crucial for professional settings, academic discussions, and even nuanced social interactions where clarity and precision are paramount. You’ll learn how to transform direct questions into smooth, integrated statements using reported questions with question words or reported Yes/No questions with 'if' or 'whether'. Furthermore, we’ll explore advanced C1 English grammar techniques like using passive reporting verbs
It is said that...
or
He is said to be...
– to present information objectively, often hinting at its source without explicitly naming it.
Get ready to elevate your ability to report facts, claims, and even speculation with a confidence that truly reflects your advanced English proficiency.

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, reporting information involves transforming someone else's words or a general belief into your own statement, often from a different time or perspective. The core principle is typically backshifting tenses (e.g., present simple becomes past simple) and adjusting pronouns and time expressions. For example,
I am busy today,
becomes
She said she was busy that day.
This foundational understanding then branches into more complex, C1-level structures designed for objectivity and nuance.
When you encounter reported questions, the key is to turn them into statements, losing the question mark and inverted word order. A direct question like
What is he doing?
becomes
She asked what he was doing.
Notice the subject-verb order after the question word. Similarly, for reported Yes/No questions, we use 'if' or 'whether' as a connector: Are you coming? transforms into
He wondered if/whether I was coming.
For reported commands and requests, direct imperatives like Clean your room! convert into an infinitive structure, often with a specific reporting verb:
She told me to clean my room.
Here, verbs like *tell*, *ask*, *order*, *advise*, or *warn* are crucial for conveying the original tone.
The truly C1-level structures involve passive reporting verbs like
It is said that...
or
He is said to be...
. These are powerful for distancing yourself from the information, presenting it as a generally accepted fact or widespread rumor without attribution. For instance, instead of "People say he's very talented, you can say, It is said that he is very talented,
or even more elegantly,
He is said to be very talented." This latter form (He is said to be...) is particularly advanced as it shifts the focus directly to the subject of the rumor or belief, creating a more concise and sophisticated report.
You'll also learn to integrate modals into these passive structures, allowing for precision even when reporting possibilities or obligations, like
He is thought to have been working late.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Forgetting to backshift tenses in reported speech.
✗ He said he *is* coming tomorrow.
✓ He said he *was* coming the next day.
*Explanation:* When reporting something that was said in the past, the tense often shifts backward.
  1. 1Maintaining question word order in reported questions.
✗ She asked what *was his name?*
✓ She asked what *his name was*.
*Explanation:* Reported questions become statements, so the subject comes before the verb.
  1. 1Confusing
    It is said that...
    with
    He is said to be...
✗ The company is said that *it* is launching a new product.
It is said that the company is launching a new product. (Correct, but less concise)
The company is said to be launching a new product. (More advanced, C1)
*Explanation:*
He/She/It is said to be...
is a more advanced and often more elegant way to report information about a specific subject, directly linking the subject to the reported action or state.

Real Conversations

A

A

Did you hear about the new policy?
B

B

Oh, yes. It is rumored that the changes will be implemented by next month. The CEO is said to be announcing the full details on Friday.
A

A

I’m not sure if I should take on this extra project.
B

B

Well, the manager asked if you would be able to handle it. He also advised us to prioritize our current tasks before committing to new ones.
A

A

I wonder what the new client's expectations are.
B

B

I spoke with Sarah. She said she wasn't sure what their specific requirements were, but she did mention that they were hoping to finalize the contract soon.

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use

It is said that...
versus
He/She is said to be...
?

It is said that...
is more general, like reporting common knowledge or rumors about a situation.
He/She is said to be...
focuses directly on a person or specific entity, making the sentence more concise and often more formal, emphasizing the subject as the focus of the reported information.

Q

Do I always have to backshift tenses in reported speech?

Not always. If the reported statement is still true in the present, or if it's a general truth, backshifting is optional. For example,

He said the Earth is round
is still correct, though
He said the Earth was round
is also acceptable. However, for specific events or past actions, backshifting is generally expected.

Q

Can 'if' and 'whether' be used interchangeably in reported Yes/No questions?

Often, yes. Both 'if' and 'whether' work for simple reported Yes/No questions. However, 'whether' is generally preferred in more formal contexts, or when reporting a choice between two alternatives (e.g.,

She asked whether I wanted coffee or tea
).

Q

Why is reporting commands with 'to-infinitive' better than just saying "He said, 'Do this!'"?

While direct speech is fine, using the 'to-infinitive' structure (

He told me to do this
) transforms the command into a grammatically integrated statement within your own sentence. This makes your speech flow more smoothly and demonstrates a higher level of syntactic control, essential for C1 English.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these structures to navigate social and professional discourse with precision. Passive reporting verbs like
It is believed that...
or
He is understood to be...
are particularly common in news reporting, academic papers, and business communications where objectivity, formality, and sometimes a degree of distance from the source are desired. In everyday conversation, using reported questions and commands is natural for relaying information efficiently.
There isn't significant regional variation in the grammar itself, but the *frequency* of using advanced passive structures might lean towards more formal environments. Mastering these allows you to sound less direct and more diplomatic when sharing sensitive or unconfirmed information, a valuable social skill.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

It is said that laughter is the best medicine.

कहा जाता है कि हँसी सबसे अच्छी दवा है।

समाचार और अफवाहें: रिपोर्टिंग क्रियाओं के साथ निष्क्रिय (कहा जाता है कि...)
2

It was reported that the flight would be delayed by two hours.

यह बताया गया था कि उड़ान दो घंटे की देरी से होगी।

समाचार और अफवाहें: रिपोर्टिंग क्रियाओं के साथ निष्क्रिय (कहा जाता है कि...)
3

The celebrity is said to be filming a new movie in secret.

कहा जा रहा है कि वह मशहूर हस्ती चुपचाप एक नई फिल्म की शूटिंग कर रही है।

उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)
4

She is believed to be one of the top researchers in her field.

माना जाता है कि वह अपने क्षेत्र की शीर्ष शोधकर्ताओं में से एक है।

उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)
5

The project is expected to be finished by Friday.

प्रोजेक्ट के शुक्रवार तक पूरा होने की उम्मीद है।

पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)
6

She is known to be a talented artist.

वह एक टैलेंटेड आर्टिस्ट के रूप में जानी जाती है।

पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)
8

I wondered `where the coffee shop was`.

मैंने सोचा कॉफी शॉप कहाँ थी।

रिपोर्ट किए गए प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (कौन, क्या, क्यों) के साथ प्रश्न

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

अपनी क्रियाओं में विविधता लाओ

देखो, सिर्फ 'said' पर मत अटके रहो। 'believed,' 'known,' 'reported,' 'thought,' 'expected,' या 'alleged' जैसे शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करो ताकि तुम्हारी बात में और गहराई और सटीकता आए। हर क्रिया का अपना एक अलग मतलब होता है।
It is believed that the new plan will succeed.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: समाचार और अफवाहें: रिपोर्टिंग क्रियाओं के साथ निष्क्रिय (कहा जाता है कि...)
💡

अपनी क्रियाओं में विविधता लाओ

सिर्फ 'said' और 'believed' पर ही अटके मत रहो! 'known', 'thought', 'understood', 'alleged', 'expected', और 'considered' जैसे शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करके अपनी बात में और सटीकता और स्टाइल लाओ। सोचो, तुम कोई कानूनी रिपोर्ट लिख रहे हो:
The suspect is alleged to have been tampering with the evidence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)
💡

अपना वर्ब समझदारी से चुनो!

रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब (say, believe, expect) का चुनाव तुम्हारे स्टेटमेंट के अर्थ में हल्का सा बदलाव ला सकता है। 'It is alleged' में 'It is said' से ज़्यादा गलत काम का संकेत होता है।
It is alleged that he stole the money.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)
💡

गलती से भी 'Inversion' मत करना

देखो, अक्सर लोग गलती से रिपोर्टेड सवाल में भी सवाल वाला क्रम (inverted word order) रख देते हैं। हमेशा याद रखो कि रिपोर्टेड सवाल एक बयान होता है, इसलिए subject पहले आता है और verb बाद में, जैसे किसी भी सामान्य वाक्य में होता है। ये सबसे पहली चीज़ है जिसे तुम्हें ठीक करना होगा।
He asked what I wanted
(सही) vs.
He asked what did I want
(गलत)।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रिपोर्ट किए गए प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (कौन, क्या, क्यों) के साथ प्रश्न

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

Allege to claim something is true without proof Rumor a currently circulating story of uncertain truth Inquiry an act of asking for information Diplomatic having the ability to deal with people in a sensitive way Objective not influenced by personal feelings

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Corporate Office Gossip

Review Summary

  • It + be + verb(past participle) + that...
  • Subject + be + verb(past participle) + to + infinitive

सामान्य गलतियाँ

You cannot use a 'that' clause after a personal subject in this passive structure. Use an infinitive instead.

Wrong: He is said that he is rich.
सही: He is said to be rich.

In reported questions, the word order must return to statement form (subject + verb).

Wrong: He asked me what did I do.
सही: He asked me what I did.

The verb 'tell' takes an object directly without the preposition 'to'.

Wrong: She told to me to wait.
सही: She told me to wait.

इस अध्याय के नियम (7)

Next Steps

You have mastered the mechanics of professional reporting. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing to truly own them!

Listen to a news podcast and note down three examples of passive reporting structures.

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

कौन सा वाक्य पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर का सही इस्तेमाल करता है?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is known to have studied abroad last year.
'स्टडी अब्रॉड' का एक्शन 'पिछले साल' (पास्ट में) हुआ था, इसलिए परफेक्ट इंफिनिटिव 'to have studied' की ज़रूरत है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)

रिपोर्टेड कमांड को पूरा करने के लिए सही फॉर्म चुनें।

The coach advised the players ___ warm up before the game.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब और ऑब्जेक्ट के बाद रिपोर्टेड कमांड्स 'to + base verb' का उपयोग करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रिपोर्ट किए गए आदेश और अनुरोध: दूसरों को क्या करना है बताना

कौन सा वाक्य पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचना का सही ढंग से उपयोग करता है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is said that the project is behind schedule.
सही पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचना 'It + be + past participle + that + clause' है। 'It is said that' इस पैटर्न का पालन करता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: समाचार और अफवाहें: रिपोर्टिंग क्रियाओं के साथ निष्क्रिय (कहा जाता है कि...)

वाक्य को पूरा करने के लिए सही फॉर्म चुनें।

The ancient city ___ to have existed for over 2,000 years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is believed
शहर एक सिंगुलर सब्जेक्ट है, इसलिए 'is believed' सही पैसिव फॉर्म है। 'to have existed' इंफिनिटिव सही तरीके से दिखाता है कि एक्शन पास्ट में हुआ था।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग संरचनाएँ (उसे कहा जाता है कि...)

Choose the correct reported version of: 'Are you hungry?'

He asked me...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
We use 'if', change 'you' to 'I', and use statement word order 'I was'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रिपोर्ट किए गए हाँ/नहीं प्रश्न (यदि/चाहे)

सही verb रूप के साथ रिपोर्टेड प्रश्न को पूरा करो।

She wanted to know what I ___ (do) that evening.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was doing
सीधा प्रश्न शायद 'What are you doing this evening?' (Present Continuous) था, जो Past Continuous में बदल जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रिपोर्ट किए गए प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (कौन, क्या, क्यों) के साथ प्रश्न

Correct the mistake in this sentence: 'She asked if did I see the keys.'

Find and fix the mistake:

She asked if did I see the keys.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: d
You must remove 'did'. Depending on the timing, 'saw' or 'had seen' (backshifted) are correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: रिपोर्ट किए गए हाँ/नहीं प्रश्न (यदि/चाहे)

Find the error in this sentence: 'It is thought him to be the best player.'

Find and fix the mistake:

It is thought him to be the best player.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change 'It' to 'He'
The 'Subject + to-infinitive' structure requires the person (He) as the subject, not 'It'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: मोडल और पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग के साथ परोक्ष कथन (C1)

वाक्य को पूरा करने के लिए सही रूप चुनें।

The athlete ___ to have trained intensely for months before the competition.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said
पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग स्ट्रक्चर के लिए 'is/are' + रिपोर्टिंग क्रिया का पास्ट पार्टिसिपल, उसके बाद एक इन्फिनिटिव की आवश्यकता होती है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)

Choose the correct modal shift for: 'I can help you tomorrow,' he said.

He said he ___ help me the next day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: could
'Can' shifts to 'could' in reported speech.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: मोडल और पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग के साथ परोक्ष कथन (C1)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

इसकी मूल संरचना है It + be (सही काल में) + पास्ट पार्टिसिपल रूप में एक रिपोर्टिंग क्रिया (जैसे said, believed, reported) + that + एक क्लॉज़। उदाहरण के लिए, It is believed that the meeting starts at ten.
'It is said that...' का उपयोग करने से तुम्हारा बयान अधिक औपचारिक, निष्पक्ष और सामान्य लगता है, जो जानकारी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है न कि उन लोगों पर जो इसे कह रहे हैं। 'People say that...' अधिक सीधा और अनौपचारिक है।
It is said that the economy is improving.
बनाम
People say that the economy is improving.
यह बताने का एक तरीका है कि लोग किसी व्यक्ति या चीज़ के बारे में आम तौर पर क्या कहते हैं, सोचते हैं या मानते हैं, बिना यह बताए कि किसने विशेष रूप से यह कहा। यह तुम्हारे बयान को अधिक वस्तुनिष्ठ बनाता है, जैसे
He is said to be a genius
दोनों पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग हैं, लेकिन
He is said to be a genius
अक्सर अधिक संक्षिप्त होता है और सीधे उस व्यक्ति पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है जिसके बारे में बात की जा रही है। 'It is said that...' में 'it' एक प्लेसहोल्डर कर्ता के रूप में उपयोग होता है।
इसका इस्तेमाल तब होता है जब आप बताना चाहते हैं कि लोग आम तौर पर क्या कहते, सोचते या मानते हैं, बिना किसी खास सोर्स का नाम लिए। ये बात को 'ऑब्जेक्टिव' बनाता है और अक्सर ये दिखाता है कि जानकारी या तो आम है या कोई अफ़वाह है, जैसे, 'The ancient city is said to be built on gold.'
एक्टिव फॉर्म में 'लोग' सब्जेक्ट पर ज़ोर होता है, जबकि 'He is said to be rich' में 'वह' पर फोकस शिफ्ट हो जाता है, जिससे बात उसके बारे में ज़्यादा सेंट्रल लगती है। ये ज़्यादा फॉर्मल और संक्षिप्त भी है, जैसे, 'People say the boss is busy' बन जाता है 'The boss is said to be busy.'