Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of relaying information and navigating rumors with confidence and professional flair.
- Construct sophisticated passive sentences to report hearsay.
- Convert direct inquiries into fluent reported questions.
- Command and request information using precise reporting verbs.
Report with authority, speak with precision.
배울 내용
Ready to elevate your conversations, subtly sharing news or expertly relaying information? Dive into this chapter to confidently navigate reported questions and sophisticated passive structures, making your speech sound truly authoritative and refined.
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뉴스 및 소문: 보고 동사와 함께하는 수동태 (It is said that...)'It is said that...' 구문을 마스터하면, 영어로 정보를 전달할 때 훨씬 더 격식 있고 객관적인 느낌을 줄 수 있어요. 마치 '고급 보고'를 하는 것과 같죠. '객관성', '공식성', '거리두기'라는 세 가지 키워드를 기억해 보세요.
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고급 수동태: 소문 및 믿음 보고 (그는 ~라고 합니다)이 C1 레벨의 고급 수동태 구조를 마스터하면 소문이나 믿음을 권위 있고 미묘하게 전달할 수 있어요. 정말 «고급스러운» 영어를 구사하게 될 거예요.
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수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)이 구문을 잘 활용하면 여러분의 영어가 훨씬 더 전문적이고 깊이 있게 들릴 거예요. 진짜 C1 레벨답게 말이죠! 마치 «권위 있는» 뉴스를 듣는 것처럼요.
authoritativenuancedC1 speaker -
의문사로 시작하는 간접 의문문 (누구, 무엇, 왜)간접 의문문은 질문을 '진술'로 바꾸는 마법 같은 기술이야. 어순을 바꾸고 시제를 한 단계 뒤로 미루는 ('backshift') 연습을 해보자. 핵심은 '어순 변화', '시제 일치', '연결어' 이 세 가지야.
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간접 화법 예/아니오 질문 (If/Whether)질문을 세련되게 전달하는
if와whether를 마스터하세요.backshift,word order,formality가 핵심 키워드랍니다! -
간접 명령 및 요청: 다른 사람에게 무엇을 해야 할지 말하기간접 명령문과 요청문을 마스터해서 지시를 전달할 때 예의 바르게, 전문적으로, 그리고 명확하게 들리도록 해봐. 핵심은
Politeness,Professionalism,Clarity야. -
조동사 및 수동태 보고 화법 (C1)C1 레벨에서 세련되고, 객관적이며, 미묘한 뉘앙스를 담아 말하려면 고급 보고 기술을 마스터해야 해요.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: relay gossip or business news using advanced impersonal passive structures.
챕터 가이드
Overview
As a C1 English learner, you're not just speaking English; you're mastering its nuances, ready to express complex ideas with sophistication. This chapter,
Reporting Information and Rumors,is your gateway to sounding truly fluent and authoritative. It equips you with the tools to share news, relay conversations, and even distance yourself from claims, all while maintaining impeccable grammar.
We'll delve into structures that allow you to subtly convey reported information and rumors, moving beyond basic direct speech to a more objective and refined communication style.
This mastery is crucial for professional settings, academic discussions, and even nuanced social interactions where clarity and precision are paramount. You’ll learn how to transform direct questions into smooth, integrated statements using reported questions with question words or reported Yes/No questions with 'if' or 'whether'. Furthermore, we’ll explore advanced C1 English grammar techniques like using passive reporting verbs –
It is said that...or
He is said to be...– to present information objectively, often hinting at its source without explicitly naming it.
Get ready to elevate your ability to report facts, claims, and even speculation with a confidence that truly reflects your advanced English proficiency.
How This Grammar Works
At its heart, reporting information involves transforming someone else's words or a general belief into your own statement, often from a different time or perspective. The core principle is typically backshifting tenses (e.g., present simple becomes past simple) and adjusting pronouns and time expressions. For example,
I am busy today,becomes
She said she was busy that day.This foundational understanding then branches into more complex, C1-level structures designed for objectivity and nuance.
When you encounter reported questions, the key is to turn them into statements, losing the question mark and inverted word order. A direct question like
What is he doing?becomes
She asked what he was doing.Notice the subject-verb order after the question word. Similarly, for reported Yes/No questions, we use 'if' or 'whether' as a connector:
Are you coming? transforms into He wondered if/whether I was coming.
For reported commands and requests, direct imperatives like
Clean your room! convert into an infinitive structure, often with a specific reporting verb: She told me to clean my room.Here, verbs like *tell*, *ask*, *order*, *advise*, or *warn* are crucial for conveying the original tone.
The truly C1-level structures involve passive reporting verbs like
It is said that...or
He is said to be.... These are powerful for distancing yourself from the information, presenting it as a generally accepted fact or widespread rumor without attribution. For instance, instead of "People say he's very talented,
you can say, It is said that he is very talented,or even more elegantly,He is said to be very talented." This latter form (He is said to be...) is particularly advanced as it shifts the focus directly to the subject of the rumor or belief, creating a more concise and sophisticated report.
You'll also learn to integrate modals into these passive structures, allowing for precision even when reporting possibilities or obligations, like
He is thought to have been working late.
Common Mistakes
- 1Forgetting to backshift tenses in reported speech.
✗ He said he *is* coming tomorrow.
✓ He said he *was* coming the next day.
*Explanation:* When reporting something that was said in the past, the tense often shifts backward.
- 1Maintaining question word order in reported questions.
✗ She asked what *was his name?*
✓ She asked what *his name was*.
*Explanation:* Reported questions become statements, so the subject comes before the verb.
- 1Confusing
It is said that...
withHe is said to be...
✗ The company is said that *it* is launching a new product.
✓ It is said that the company is launching a new product. (Correct, but less concise)
✓ The company is said to be launching a new product. (More advanced, C1)
*Explanation:*
He/She/It is said to be...is a more advanced and often more elegant way to report information about a specific subject, directly linking the subject to the reported action or state.
Real Conversations
A
A
Did you hear about the new policy?
B
B
Oh, yes. It is rumored that the changes will be implemented by next month. The CEO is said to be announcing the full details on Friday.
A
A
I’m not sure if I should take on this extra project.
B
B
Well, the manager asked if you would be able to handle it. He also advised us to prioritize our current tasks before committing to new ones.
A
A
I wonder what the new client's expectations are.
B
B
I spoke with Sarah. She said she wasn't sure what their specific requirements were, but she did mention that they were hoping to finalize the contract soon.
Quick FAQ
Q
When should I use
It is said that...versus
He/She is said to be...?
It is said that...is more general, like reporting common knowledge or rumors about a situation.
He/She is said to be...focuses directly on a person or specific entity, making the sentence more concise and often more formal, emphasizing the subject as the focus of the reported information.
Q
Do I always have to backshift tenses in reported speech?
Not always. If the reported statement is still true in the present, or if it's a general truth, backshifting is optional. For example,
He said the Earth is roundis still correct, though
He said the Earth was roundis also acceptable. However, for specific events or past actions, backshifting is generally expected.
Q
Can 'if' and 'whether' be used interchangeably in reported Yes/No questions?
Often, yes. Both 'if' and 'whether' work for simple reported Yes/No questions. However, 'whether' is generally preferred in more formal contexts, or when reporting a choice between two alternatives (e.g.,
She asked whether I wanted coffee or tea).
Q
Why is reporting commands with 'to-infinitive' better than just saying "He said, 'Do this!'"?
While direct speech is fine, using the 'to-infinitive' structure (
He told me to do this) transforms the command into a grammatically integrated statement within your own sentence. This makes your speech flow more smoothly and demonstrates a higher level of syntactic control, essential for C1 English.
Cultural Context
Native English speakers use these structures to navigate social and professional discourse with precision. Passive reporting verbs like
It is believed that...or
He is understood to be...are particularly common in news reporting, academic papers, and business communications where objectivity, formality, and sometimes a degree of distance from the source are desired. In everyday conversation, using reported questions and commands is natural for relaying information efficiently.
There isn't significant regional variation in the grammar itself, but the *frequency* of using advanced passive structures might lean towards more formal environments. Mastering these allows you to sound less direct and more diplomatic when sharing sensitive or unconfirmed information, a valuable social skill.
주요 예문 (8)
1
It is said that laughter is the best medicine.
웃음은 최고의 약이라고들 한다.
뉴스 및 소문: 보고 동사와 함께하는 수동태 (It is said that...)
2
It was reported that the flight would be delayed by two hours.
항공편이 두 시간 지연될 것이라고 보고되었다.
뉴스 및 소문: 보고 동사와 함께하는 수동태 (It is said that...)
3
The celebrity is said to be filming a new movie in secret.
그 연예인은 비밀리에 새 영화를 촬영 중이라고 합니다.
고급 수동태: 소문 및 믿음 보고 (그는 ~라고 합니다)
4
She is believed to be one of the top researchers in her field.
그녀는 그 분야의 최고 연구자 중 한 명으로 여겨집니다.
고급 수동태: 소문 및 믿음 보고 (그는 ~라고 합니다)
5
The project is expected to be finished by Friday.
그 프로젝트는 금요일까지 끝날 것으로 예상됩니다.
수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
6
7
8
팁과 요령 (4)
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동사를 다양하게 써보세요
항상 'said'만 쓰지 말고, 'believed', 'known', 'reported', 'thought', 'expected', 'alleged' 같은 다양한 동사를 활용해서 뉘앙스를 살려보세요. 각각 미묘하게 다른 의미를 전달한답니다. 예를 들어, 'It is alleged that the suspect fled the country'처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 뉴스 및 소문: 보고 동사와 함께하는 수동태 (It is said that...)
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Vary your verbs
'말하다(said)'나 '믿다(believed)'만 고집하지 마세요! 'known', 'thought', 'understood', 'alleged', 'expected', 'considered' 같은 다양한 동사를 활용해서 더 정확하고 세련된 표현을 구사해 보세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 고급 수동태: 소문 및 믿음 보고 (그는 ~라고 합니다)
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
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동사 선택에 신중하세요!
어떤 보고 동사를 쓰느냐에 따라 문장의 뉘앙스가 확 달라져요. 예를 들어,
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
It is alleged는 It is said보다 훨씬 강하게 '혐의가 있다'는 느낌을 주죠. The choice of reporting verb (say, believe, expect) subtly changes the nuance of your statement.It is allegedcarries a stronger implication of wrongdoing thanIt is said.
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'어순 도치 금지' 규칙 마스터하기
직접 질문처럼 동사-주어 순서로 말하는 실수를 많이 해. 하지만 간접 의문문은 '문장'이라는 걸 항상 기억하고, 주어 다음에 동사가 오는 일반적인 문장 어순을 지켜야 해. 이게 C1 레벨에서 가장 중요한 포인트 중 하나야.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 의문사로 시작하는 간접 의문문 (누구, 무엇, 왜)
He asked what my name was.(X:
He asked what was my name?)
핵심 어휘 (5)
Allege
to claim something is true without proof
Rumor
a currently circulating story of uncertain truth
Inquiry
an act of asking for information
Diplomatic
having the ability to deal with people in a sensitive way
Objective
not influenced by personal feelings
Real-World Preview
briefcase
Corporate Office Gossip
Review Summary
- It + be + verb(past participle) + that...
- Subject + be + verb(past participle) + to + infinitive
자주 하는 실수
You cannot use a 'that' clause after a personal subject in this passive structure. Use an infinitive instead.
Wrong:
He is said that he is rich.
정답:
He is said to be rich.
In reported questions, the word order must return to statement form (subject + verb).
Wrong:
He asked me what did I do.
정답:
He asked me what I did.
The verb 'tell' takes an object directly without the preposition 'to'.
Wrong:
She told to me to wait.
정답:
She told me to wait.
이 챕터의 규칙 (7)
Next Steps
You have mastered the mechanics of professional reporting. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing to truly own them!
Listen to a news podcast and note down three examples of passive reporting structures.
빠른 연습 (10)
직접 화법 'You must submit your essay by Friday'를 올바르게 보고한 문장은 무엇인가요?
올바른 문장을 선택하세요:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
의무의 경우, 'must'는 문맥과 강조점에 따라 간접 화법에서 'must'로 유지되거나 'had to'로 바뀔 수 있습니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사 및 수동태 보고 화법 (C1)
문장을 완성할 올바른 형태를 고르세요.
The ancient city ___ to have existed for over 2,000 years.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is believed
city는 단수 주어이므로
is believed가 올바른 수동태 형태입니다. to have existed는 해당 행동이 과거에 일어났음을 정확히 보여줍니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
'Where is the nearest ATM?' 질문을 올바르게 보고한 문장을 고르세요.
Choose the correct sentence:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked where the nearest ATM was.
올바른 간접 질문은 주어-동사 어순('the nearest ATM was')을 필요로 하며, 질문이 과거에 이루어졌으므로 'is'가 'was'로 시제 일치됩니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 의문사로 시작하는 간접 의문문 (누구, 무엇, 왜)
간접 명령문을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 고르세요.
The coach advised the players ___ warm up before the game.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
간접 명령문은 전달 동사와 목적어 뒤에 'to + 동사원형'을 사용해요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 명령 및 요청: 다른 사람에게 무엇을 해야 할지 말하기
어떤 문장이 수동태 보고 구문을 올바르게 사용하고 있나요?
올바른 문장을 고르세요:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is known to have studied abroad last year.
'지난 해'(last year)에 일어난 '유학'(studying abroad) 행동은 과거이므로, 완료 to 부정사
to have studied가 필요합니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.
Find and fix the mistake:
The documents are said have been lost.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The documents are said to have been lost.
수동태 보고 동사 뒤의 올바른 to 부정사 구조는 'to + 동사원형' 또는 과거의 행동에 대한 'to have + 과거 분사'입니다. 여기서는
to have been lost가 정확합니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
간접 질문에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.
Find and fix the mistake:
He asked me why did I leave early.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked me why I had left early.
간접 질문에서는 'did'가 사라지고 동사는 시제 일치됩니다. 'Why did you leave?'(과거 단순)는 'why I had left'(과거 완료)가 됩니다. 도치된 어순('did I')도 'I had'로 수정됩니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 의문사로 시작하는 간접 의문문 (누구, 무엇, 왜)
문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 선택하세요.
The athlete ___ to have trained intensely for months before the competition.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said
수동태 보고 구조는 'is/are' + 보고 동사의 과거분사, 그 뒤에 부정사가 와야 합니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 고급 수동태: 소문 및 믿음 보고 (그는 ~라고 합니다)
수동태 보고 구조를 올바르게 사용한 문장을 고르세요.
올바른 문장을 선택하세요:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is said that the project is behind schedule.
올바른 수동태 보고 구조는 'It + be 동사 + 과거분사 + that + 절'이에요. 'It is said that'이 이 패턴을 따릅니다.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 뉴스 및 소문: 보고 동사와 함께하는 수동태 (It is said that...)
빈칸에 알맞은 단어를 고르세요.
My friend wanted to know ___ I had finished the report.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: if
Yes/No 질문을 전달할 때는 'if'나 'whether'를 사용합니다. 'what'은 의문사가 있을 때, 'that'은 평서문일 때 써요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 화법 예/아니오 질문 (If/Whether)
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
기본 구조는 'It + be 동사 (적절한 시제) + 보고 동사의 과거분사 (예: said, believed, reported) + that + 절'이에요. 예를 들어, 'It is believed that the meeting starts at ten.'처럼요.
'It is said that...'을 사용하면 문장이 더 격식 있고 객관적이며 일반적인 느낌을 줘요. 누가 말하는지보다는 정보 자체에 초점을 맞추는 거죠. 'People say that...'은 더 직접적이고 비공식적이에요. 예를 들어, 뉴스에서는 'It is reported that...'을 선호하지만, 친구와 이야기할 때는 'People say that...'을 쓸 수 있죠.
누가 특정하게 말했는지 언급하지 않고, 사람들이 일반적으로 누군가나 어떤 것에 대해 말하거나, 생각하거나, 믿는 것을 전달하는 방법이에요.
He is said to be a genius처럼 문장을 더 객관적으로 들리게 하죠.
둘 다 수동태 보고 표현이지만, 'He is said to be a genius'는 더 간결하고 논의되는 사람에게 직접 초점을 맞춰요. 'It is said that...'은 'it'을 임시 주어로 사용하죠.
특정 출처를 직접적으로 밝히지 않고 사람들이 일반적으로 말하거나 생각하거나 믿는 것을 전달할 때 사용해요. 객관성을 더해주고, 종종 그 정보가 일반적인 지식이거나 소문임을 암시하죠. 예를 들어, 친구들끼리 역사 이야기를 할 때 '그 고대 도시는 황금 위에 지어졌다고 해.'라고 말하는 것처럼요.
The ancient city is said to be built on gold.
능동태는 '사람들'이라는 주체에 초점을 맞추지만, 'He is said to be rich'는 '그'에게 초점을 옮겨 '그'에 대한 진술을 더 중요하게 만들어요. 더 격식 있고 간결하게 들리기도 하죠. 예를 들어, '사람들은 사장님이 바쁘다고 해'를 '사장님은 바쁘다고 한다.'라고 표현하는 것과 같아요.
People say the boss is busybecomes
The boss is said to be busy.
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