C1 · 상급 챕터 8

Advanced Passive Perspectives

8 총 규칙
75 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of the passive voice to add sophisticated nuance and authority to your professional communication.

  • Construct complex passive structures using modals and gerunds.
  • Distinguish between formal 'be-passive' and conversational 'get-passive'.
  • Express past regrets and obligations with advanced passive perfect forms.
Command the passive voice with effortless, C1-level precision.

배울 내용

Curious to command the passive voice with ultimate precision? Dive in to effortlessly express nuanced actions, from getting things done to distinguishing get-passive vs. be-passive. You'll speak with sophisticated authority, ensuring your message always hits home.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct professional emails using passive modal structures to delegate tasks.

챕터 가이드

Overview

As a C1 English speaker, you're past the basics and ready to truly master the nuances of expressing yourself. This chapter on English advanced passive perspectives isn't just about avoiding the active voice; it's about gaining sophisticated control over how you present information, focusing on impact and precision. You’ll learn to navigate complex situations where the agent of an action is unknown, unimportant, or deliberately de-emphasized, allowing your message to hit home with greater clarity and authority.
Mastering these advanced passive structures will elevate your C1 English grammar to an impressive level. We’ll explore everything from using modals to express obligation or possibility in the passive, to understanding when to choose the dynamic get-passive over the more formal be-passive. You’ll also discover how to use passive gerunds and passive perfect modals to express experiences, regrets, or sophisticated guesses about the past with effortless fluency, ensuring your communication is always precise and impactful.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, the passive voice shifts focus from the doer of an action to the receiver of the action. With advanced passive perspectives, we add layers of meaning and context. When we combine Passive with Modals, like
The report must be submitted by Friday,
we're emphasizing necessity, not just that the report *is submitted*.
Modals (can, could, should, must, might, may, will, would) followed by be + past participle allow you to express degrees of certainty, obligation, or possibility about a passive action.
The choice between Get-Passive vs. Be-Passive adds a crucial layer of nuance. The be-passive (e.g.,
The window was broken
) is neutral and widely applicable.
The get-passive (e.g.,
The window got broken
), however, often implies an accident, a personal experience, or a consequence, and it's generally more informal and dynamic. Think of
I got promoted last week
– it feels more personal and active than
I was promoted.
When we use Passive Gerunds, such as
I hate being told what to do,
we're describing the experience of receiving an action, often conveying a feeling or preference about it. This uses being + past participle.
For expressing sophisticated regrets or deductions about past passive events, Passive Perfect Modals come into play:
The message must have been sent to the wrong address.
This form (modal + have been + past participle) lets you speculate or express certainty about something that happened in the past, but the focus remains on the recipient of the action. Similarly, the Perfect Passive Gerund, having been + past participle, describes a past passive experience, often in a more formal or reflective context, like
After having been interviewed twice, she finally got the job.
These structures enable you to convey complex ideas efficiently.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ The project needs finishing by tomorrow.
✓ The project needs to be finished by tomorrow.
*Explanation:* When need is followed by a passive infinitive, it takes the form to be + past participle, not a gerund for a necessary action. (Though
The car needs washing
is also correct, meaning
the car needs *to be* washed
, this construction is less common for projects or tasks.)
  1. 1✗ I was promoted to manager by getting.
✓ I got promoted to manager last month. / I was promoted to manager last month.
*Explanation:* The get-passive is already a complete passive structure. You don't add by getting after it. Use got promoted for a more dynamic, often personal feeling, or was promoted for a neutral statement.
  1. 1✗ He regrets not telling the truth.
✓ He regrets not having been told the truth. (If he is the receiver of the action)
*Explanation:* If the regret is about *not receiving* an action in the past, you need the perfect passive gerund. The original implies he *didn't tell* the truth. The corrected version means he regrets someone *didn't tell him* the truth.

Real Conversations

A

A

The meeting should have been scheduled for earlier in the day. Now half the team can't make it.
B

B

I know! I hate being kept out of the loop on important decisions like this. I hope a solution can be found.
A

A

Guess what? My car got broken into last night!
B

B

Oh no, that's awful! Did anything important get taken?
A

A

Just my laptop bag. It must have been done really quickly.

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between

The task is done
and
The task gets done
?

The task is done
is a neutral statement of fact about the current state.
The task gets done
often implies a process, effort, or even a challenge in completing the task, or that it happens regularly. It has a more active or dynamic feel.

Q

Can I use the get-passive in formal writing?

Generally, no. The get-passive is much more common in informal, conversational English. In academic or formal writing, the be-passive is almost always preferred for its neutrality and objectivity.

Q

When would I use

having been told
instead of
being told
?

Having been told
refers to an action of being told that occurred in the past (e.g.,
After having been told the news, she left
).
Being told
refers to a current or ongoing experience of being told (e.g.,
I dislike being told what to do
).

Q

Are there situations where the passive voice is absolutely necessary for C1 speakers?

Yes, particularly when the agent is unknown, unimportant, or you want to emphasize the action or its receiver. For instance, in scientific reports (

Experiments are conducted
), or when discussing procedures (
Instructions should be followed carefully
).

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these advanced passive structures constantly, often without even realizing it. The get-passive is especially prevalent in American English for describing unfortunate events or personal experiences, adding a touch of colloquial dynamism. In British English, it's also used but perhaps slightly less frequently or with different nuances depending on region.
Knowing when to choose the more informal get-passive versus the neutral be-passive is key to sounding natural and fluent.

주요 예문 (8)

1

The email can be sent after review.

이메일은 검토 후에 보낼 수 있습니다.

조동사 수동태: 일이 처리되게 하기
2

All software should be updated regularly for security.

모든 소프트웨어는 보안을 위해 정기적으로 업데이트되어야 합니다.

조동사 수동태: 일이 처리되게 하기
3

The new policy `was announced` by the university president this morning.

오늘 아침 총장님께서 새 정책을 발표하셨습니다.

Get-수동태 vs. Be-수동태: 적절한 분위기 선택하기
4

My friend `got accepted` into her dream grad school!

제 친구가 꿈에 그리던 대학원에 합격했어요!

Get-수동태 vs. Be-수동태: 적절한 분위기 선택하기
5

She enjoys **being praised** for her hard work.

Ella disfruta ser elogiada por su arduo trabajo.

수동 동명사: Being (행동을 받음)
6

He complained about **being ignored** during the meeting.

Se quejó de ser ignorado durante la reunión.

수동 동명사: Being (행동을 받음)
7

The email `must have been sent` to the wrong client; it's not in their inbox.

El correo electrónico debe haber sido enviado al cliente equivocado; no está en su bandeja de entrada.

실수와 후회: 수동형 완료 조동사 (Must have been done)
8

My Instagram story `might have been viewed` by my ex-boss, which is awkward.

Mi historia de Instagram podría haber sido vista por mi exjefe, lo cual es incómodo.

실수와 후회: 수동형 완료 조동사 (Must have been done)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

항상 'be'를 포함하세요

조동사와 과거 분사 사이에 'be'를 절대 잊지 마세요. 이 'be'가 문법적으로 정확한 구조를 만들어주는 핵심 연결고리예요.
The problem can be solved.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 조동사 수동태: 일이 처리되게 하기
🎯

‘역동적’ vs. ‘정적’으로 생각하기

어떤 행동이 주어에게 '일어나고' 있고 그 결과가 중요한 것처럼 느껴질 때는 (예: 다쳤다, 승진했다) get-passive를 쓰는 게 좋아요. 반대로 변하지 않는 사실이나 일반적인 진술일 때는 be-passive가 딱이죠. "If the passive action feels dynamic, like something is *happening* to the subject (often with a consequence), lean towards get-passive. If it's a static fact or a general statement, be-passive is your go-to."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Get-수동태 vs. Be-수동태: 적절한 분위기 선택하기
🎯

The 'By' Test

If you can add 'by someone' to the end of the phrase and it makes sense, you definitely need the passive gerund. 'I enjoy being helped (by my assistant).'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동 동명사: Being (행동을 받음)
🎯

The 'No-Blame' Strategy

Use 'should have been' in the workplace to point out errors without naming names. It sounds much more professional than 'You didn't do it'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 실수와 후회: 수동형 완료 조동사 (Must have been done)

핵심 어휘 (5)

delegation the act of assigning tasks nuance a subtle difference objective not influenced by personal feelings obligation a duty or commitment retrospective looking back on the past

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Project Management Meeting

Review Summary

  • Modal + be + V3
  • Modal + have been + V3

자주 하는 실수

You missed the passive auxiliary 'been'. Without 'been', the sentence implies the object did the action itself.

Wrong: It should have done.
정답: It should have been done.

You cannot combine 'get' and 'be'. 'Get' acts as the passive auxiliary here.

Wrong: I got be fired.
정답: I got fired.

Modals like 'must' are followed by the bare infinitive. Remove the 'to'.

Wrong: It must to be done.
정답: It must be done.

이 챕터의 규칙 (8)

1

조동사 수동태: 일이 처리되게 하기

C1
조동사 수동태를 잘 활용하면 '정확하고', '격식 있으며', '공손하게' 소통할 수 있어요. 동작 자체에 집중할 수 있게 해준답니다.
The email can be sent after review.
12 예문
2

Get-수동태 vs. Be-수동태: 적절한 분위기 선택하기

C1
격식 있는 상황에서는 be-passive를, 좀 더 역동적이고 개인적인 느낌을 주고 싶을 때는 get-passive를 선택하세요. 핵심은 formality와 dynamic touch예요.
The new policy `was announced` by the university p...
12 예문
3

수동 동명사: Being (행동을 받음)

C1
Master being + past participle to precisely express actions you've received with natural fluency.
She enjoys **being praised** for her hard work.
12 예문
4

실수와 후회: 수동형 완료 조동사 (Must have been done)

C1
Mastering passive perfect modals unlocks precise past speculation, regret, and hypothetical scenarios.
The email `must have been sent` to the wrong clien...
12 예문
5

완료 수동 분사 (되어져 온 것)

C1
완료 수동 동명사는 이미 끝난 수동적인 행동의 순서를 정확히 나타내서 고급 영어 실력을 보여줄 수 있는 강력한 도구예요. 마치 시간 여행을 하듯이, 과거의 '완료된 수동 행동'을 정확히 짚어주는 거죠. '순서', '완료', '수동' 이 세 가지 키워드를 기억하세요!
She appreciated **having been given** the opportun...
12 예문
6

Advanced Passives: A Complete C1 Review

C1
C1 passive mastery means combining passives with modals, infinitives, gerunds, reporting structures, and get-passives — not just the basic be + past participle formula.
5 예문
7

Passive Present Perfect: Has/Have Been Done

C1
The passive present perfect (has/have been + past participle) describes a completed action that is still relevant now — without specifying who did it. It is essential in professional and academic writing to focus on results rather than agents.
5 예문
8

Passive Modals of Obligation: Must, Should, Ought To Be Done

C1
Passive modal constructions (must be done, should be submitted, ought to be reviewed) combine the impersonal focus of the passive with the force of obligation or recommendation. They are essential in formal instructions, policy, and academic writing.
5 예문

Next Steps

You've done incredible work today. Keep practicing these structures in your professional emails to see immediate results!

Rewrite a news article using only passive voice.

Continue to: Reporting Information and Rumors

빠른 연습 (10)

문장을 완성하기 위해 올바른 형태를 선택하세요.

She regretted ___ the important email.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: not having sent
후회는 그녀가 이메일을 보내지 않은 행동에 대한 것입니다. 이것은 그녀가 발신자였으므로 능동 완료 동명사입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완료 수동 분사 (되어져 온 것)

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

The books was read by the students.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: books was
Subject-verb agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passives: A Complete C1 Review

Fill in the correct passive form.

The report ___ (finish) yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was finished
Past simple passive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passives: A Complete C1 Review

어떤 문장이 완료 수동 동명사를 올바르게 사용했나요?

올바른 문장을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She was annoyed at having been interrupted during her presentation.
짜증은 (발표 중) 특정하고 완료된 방해 때문에 발생합니다. 'Being interrupted'는 일반적인 상태를 의미하며, 짜증을 유발하는 특정 과거 사건이 아닙니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완료 수동 분사 (되어져 온 것)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

After being informed of the cancellation, he left.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: After having been informed of the cancellation, he left.
'알려주는' 행동이 그가 떠나기 *전에* 그에게 완료되었습니다. 'Having been informed'는 이 선행 완료를 정확하게 강조합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 완료 수동 분사 (되어져 온 것)

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

She complained about not being tell the truth.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tell
The past participle of 'tell' is 'told'. It should be 'not being told'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동 동명사: Being (행동을 받음)

Fill in the blank.

The report ___ (finish) by the team.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has been finished
Passive present perfect singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Present Perfect: Has/Have Been Done

Choose the best passive sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cake was eaten.
Be + V3.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passives: A Complete C1 Review

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

The work must done now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The work must be done now.
Missing 'be'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Modals of Obligation: Must, Should, Ought To Be Done

올바른 수동태 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She was promoted because of her hard work.
둘 다 'get promoted'와 'be promoted'가 가능합니다. 하지만 'got promoted by her hard work'는 약간 어색하게 들려요. 'because of'가 더 좋습니다. 'Is promoted'는 과거 사건에 대해 올바르지 않습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Get-수동태 vs. Be-수동태: 적절한 분위기 선택하기

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

기본 구조는 Modal Verb + be + Past Participle (V3)입니다. 예를 들어,
The task must be completed
또는
The email can be sent
와 같이 쓸 수 있어요.
조동사 (can, should, must 등) 뒤에는 항상 동사 원형이 와야 해요. 이 경우 'be'가 동사 원형이기 때문에 'is'나 'are'가 아닌 'be'를 쓰는 거죠. 조동사가 이미 시제와 분위기를 나타내기 때문에 그래요.
Be-passive (was done)는 일반적으로 더 격식 있고 행동이나 결과 자체에 초점을 맞추며, 주어의 경험을 강조하지 않는 경우가 많아요. Get-passive (got done)는 더 비격식적이며, 주어가 행동을 경험하는 것에 초점을 맞추고, 종종 상태 변화, 예상치 못한 사건 또는 개인적인 관련성을 암시하죠. 예를 들어, 'The window was broken'은 창문이 깨졌다는 사실에 중립적으로 초점을 맞추지만, 'The window got broken'은 창문이 깨진 것이 주어에게 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지(예: 짜증 나게 했다)를 더 강조해요.
아니요, 전혀 그렇지 않아요! get-passive가 종종 불운한 사건들(get stuck, get lost)에 사용되지만, 긍정적인 결과(get promoted, get invited, get paid)를 묘사할 때도 쓸 수 있어요. 단지 주어가 그 결과를 경험하는 것을 강조할 뿐이죠. 예를 들어, 'I got invited to the party!'는 긍정적인 경험을 나타내요.
Yes, but that's not a passive gerund. 'I like being happy' is just the gerund of the verb 'to be' followed by an adjective. A passive gerund must have a past participle (V3) like being helped.
The first is the present passive gerund (general/now), and the second is the perfect passive gerund (completed past). Use having been done when the timing of the past action is important.
이전 챕터
Clarifying and Expanding Ideas
다음 챕터
Reporting Information and Rumors
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