C1 · Avanzado
Capítulo 9
El arte de reportar: Rumores, noticias y precisión avanzada
7
Reglas totales
83
ejemplos
6
min
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of relaying information and navigating rumors with confidence and professional flair.
- Construct sophisticated passive sentences to report hearsay.
- Convert direct inquiries into fluent reported questions.
- Command and request information using precise reporting verbs.
Report with authority, speak with precision.
Lo que aprenderás
¿Alguna vez has querido compartir una noticia o un rumor con la elegancia y objetividad de un diplomático? En este capítulo, llevaremos tu inglés al siguiente nivel de sofisticación. Ya conoces lo básico, pero ahora aprenderás a dominar estructuras pasivas complejas como
It is said that...y la refinada
He is said to be..., ideales para reportar creencias generales o información corporativa con total autoridad. Imagina que estás en una reunión de trabajo y necesitas explicar la reputación de un competidor o lo que se comenta en el mercado sin sonar informal; estas herramientas serán tus mejores aliadas para proyectar profesionalismo. Exploraremos cómo transformar preguntas directas en declaraciones fluidas usando
if, whether y las palabras wh-, ajustando el orden de las palabras y los tiempos verbales como un experto. También perfeccionaremos la forma de transmitir órdenes y peticiones con matices de cortesía, y veremos cómo se comportan los verbos modales al reportar lo que otros dijeron. Al terminar este capítulo, serás capaz de navegar conversaciones complejas con una objetividad impecable, permitiéndote sonar matizado, seguro y verdaderamente avanzado en cualquier entorno formal o social.
-
Noticias y Rumores: Pasiva con Verbos de Reporte (Se dice que...)Dominar el 'It is said that...' sube el nivel de tu
reporting, dándole másformalidadyobjetividada tu inglés. -
Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)Domina esta estructura pasiva de nivel C1 para informar rumores y creencias con autoridad y sutileza, ¡sonando como un verdadero
pro! -
Estructuras de Información Pasiva (Se dice que él es...)Dominar estas estructuras hará que tu inglés suene
autoritarioypreciso, como un verdadero hablante C1. -
Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)Las preguntas indirectas con
wh-transforman las consultas en afirmaciones, ¡cambiando elorden de las palabras
y a menudoretrasando los tiempos verbales
! -
Preguntas reportadas de Sí/No (If/Whether)¡Domina las preguntas indirectas de Sí/No para comunicar consultas de forma fluida y profesional, elevando tus conversaciones en inglés C1! Tres claves: 'reportar preguntas', 'fluidez', 'profesionalismo'.
-
Órdenes y Peticiones Reportadas: Decir a otros qué hacerDomina los comandos y peticiones
reportedpara sonarpolite,professionalyclearal transmitir instrucciones. -
Estilo Indirecto con Modales y Reporte Pasivo (C1)¡Domina estos reportes avanzados para sonar
pulido,objetivoymatizadoen inglés C1!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: relay gossip or business news using advanced impersonal passive structures.
Guía del capítulo
Overview
As a C1 English learner, you're not just speaking English; you're mastering its nuances, ready to express complex ideas with sophistication. This chapter,
Reporting Information and Rumors,is your gateway to sounding truly fluent and authoritative. It equips you with the tools to share news, relay conversations, and even distance yourself from claims, all while maintaining impeccable grammar.
We'll delve into structures that allow you to subtly convey reported information and rumors, moving beyond basic direct speech to a more objective and refined communication style.
This mastery is crucial for professional settings, academic discussions, and even nuanced social interactions where clarity and precision are paramount. You’ll learn how to transform direct questions into smooth, integrated statements using reported questions with question words or reported Yes/No questions with 'if' or 'whether'. Furthermore, we’ll explore advanced C1 English grammar techniques like using passive reporting verbs –
It is said that...or
He is said to be...– to present information objectively, often hinting at its source without explicitly naming it.
Get ready to elevate your ability to report facts, claims, and even speculation with a confidence that truly reflects your advanced English proficiency.
How This Grammar Works
At its heart, reporting information involves transforming someone else's words or a general belief into your own statement, often from a different time or perspective. The core principle is typically backshifting tenses (e.g., present simple becomes past simple) and adjusting pronouns and time expressions. For example,
I am busy today,becomes
She said she was busy that day.This foundational understanding then branches into more complex, C1-level structures designed for objectivity and nuance.
When you encounter reported questions, the key is to turn them into statements, losing the question mark and inverted word order. A direct question like
What is he doing?becomes
She asked what he was doing.Notice the subject-verb order after the question word. Similarly, for reported Yes/No questions, we use 'if' or 'whether' as a connector:
Are you coming? transforms into He wondered if/whether I was coming.
For reported commands and requests, direct imperatives like
Clean your room! convert into an infinitive structure, often with a specific reporting verb: She told me to clean my room.Here, verbs like *tell*, *ask*, *order*, *advise*, or *warn* are crucial for conveying the original tone.
The truly C1-level structures involve passive reporting verbs like
It is said that...or
He is said to be.... These are powerful for distancing yourself from the information, presenting it as a generally accepted fact or widespread rumor without attribution. For instance, instead of "People say he's very talented,
you can say, It is said that he is very talented,or even more elegantly,He is said to be very talented." This latter form (He is said to be...) is particularly advanced as it shifts the focus directly to the subject of the rumor or belief, creating a more concise and sophisticated report.
You'll also learn to integrate modals into these passive structures, allowing for precision even when reporting possibilities or obligations, like
He is thought to have been working late.
Common Mistakes
- 1Forgetting to backshift tenses in reported speech.
✗ He said he *is* coming tomorrow.
✓ He said he *was* coming the next day.
*Explanation:* When reporting something that was said in the past, the tense often shifts backward.
- 1Maintaining question word order in reported questions.
✗ She asked what *was his name?*
✓ She asked what *his name was*.
*Explanation:* Reported questions become statements, so the subject comes before the verb.
- 1Confusing
It is said that...
withHe is said to be...
✗ The company is said that *it* is launching a new product.
✓ It is said that the company is launching a new product. (Correct, but less concise)
✓ The company is said to be launching a new product. (More advanced, C1)
*Explanation:*
He/She/It is said to be...is a more advanced and often more elegant way to report information about a specific subject, directly linking the subject to the reported action or state.
Real Conversations
A
A
Did you hear about the new policy?
B
B
Oh, yes. It is rumored that the changes will be implemented by next month. The CEO is said to be announcing the full details on Friday.
A
A
I’m not sure if I should take on this extra project.
B
B
Well, the manager asked if you would be able to handle it. He also advised us to prioritize our current tasks before committing to new ones.
A
A
I wonder what the new client's expectations are.
B
B
I spoke with Sarah. She said she wasn't sure what their specific requirements were, but she did mention that they were hoping to finalize the contract soon.
Quick FAQ
Q
When should I use
It is said that...versus
He/She is said to be...?
It is said that...is more general, like reporting common knowledge or rumors about a situation.
He/She is said to be...focuses directly on a person or specific entity, making the sentence more concise and often more formal, emphasizing the subject as the focus of the reported information.
Q
Do I always have to backshift tenses in reported speech?
Not always. If the reported statement is still true in the present, or if it's a general truth, backshifting is optional. For example,
He said the Earth is roundis still correct, though
He said the Earth was roundis also acceptable. However, for specific events or past actions, backshifting is generally expected.
Q
Can 'if' and 'whether' be used interchangeably in reported Yes/No questions?
Often, yes. Both 'if' and 'whether' work for simple reported Yes/No questions. However, 'whether' is generally preferred in more formal contexts, or when reporting a choice between two alternatives (e.g.,
She asked whether I wanted coffee or tea).
Q
Why is reporting commands with 'to-infinitive' better than just saying "He said, 'Do this!'"?
While direct speech is fine, using the 'to-infinitive' structure (
He told me to do this) transforms the command into a grammatically integrated statement within your own sentence. This makes your speech flow more smoothly and demonstrates a higher level of syntactic control, essential for C1 English.
Cultural Context
Native English speakers use these structures to navigate social and professional discourse with precision. Passive reporting verbs like
It is believed that...or
He is understood to be...are particularly common in news reporting, academic papers, and business communications where objectivity, formality, and sometimes a degree of distance from the source are desired. In everyday conversation, using reported questions and commands is natural for relaying information efficiently.
There isn't significant regional variation in the grammar itself, but the *frequency* of using advanced passive structures might lean towards more formal environments. Mastering these allows you to sound less direct and more diplomatic when sharing sensitive or unconfirmed information, a valuable social skill.
Ejemplos clave (8)
1
It is said that laughter is the best medicine.
Se dice que la risa es la mejor medicina.
Noticias y Rumores: Pasiva con Verbos de Reporte (Se dice que...)
2
It was reported that the flight would be delayed by two hours.
Se informó que el vuelo se retrasaría dos horas.
Noticias y Rumores: Pasiva con Verbos de Reporte (Se dice que...)
3
The celebrity is said to be filming a new movie in secret.
Se dice que la celebridad está filmando una nueva película en secreto.
Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)
4
She is believed to be one of the top researchers in her field.
Se cree que ella es una de las mejores investigadoras en su campo.
Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)
5
The project is expected to be finished by Friday.
El proyecto se espera que esté terminado para el viernes.
Estructuras de Información Pasiva (Se dice que él es...)
6
She is known to be a talented artist.
Se sabe que es una artista talentosa.
Estructuras de Información Pasiva (Se dice que él es...)
7
She asked `what my name was`.
Ella preguntó cuál era mi nombre.
Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)
8
I wondered `where the coffee shop was`.
Me pregunté dónde estaba la cafetería.
Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)Consejos y trucos (4)
💡
¡Varía tus verbos!
No te quedes solo con
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Noticias y Rumores: Pasiva con Verbos de Reporte (Se dice que...)
said. Prueba believed, known, reported, thought, expected o alleged para darle matices y precisión a tus reportes. Cada verbo tiene un pequeño giro de significado. It is alleged that the documents were forged.
💡
Varía tus verbos
¡No te quedes solo con 'said' y 'believed'! Anímate a usar 'known', 'thought', 'understood', 'alleged', 'expected' y 'considered' para darle más precisión y estilo a tus informes:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)
She is known to be a talented artist.
💡
¡Elige bien tu verbo!
La elección del verbo de reporte (say, believe, expect) cambia sutilmente el matiz de tu declaración.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estructuras de Información Pasiva (Se dice que él es...)
It is alleged implica algo más grave que It is said.
💡
Domina la Regla de "No Inversión"
Es muy fácil caer en la trampa y mantener el orden de pregunta. Siempre recuerda que las preguntas indirectas son oraciones afirmativas, así que el sujeto va ANTES del verbo, como en cualquier frase normal. Esta es la corrección número uno que harás: "It's easy to accidentally keep the question word order. Always remember that reported questions are statements, so the subject comes before the verb, just like in any normal sentence. This is the #1 fix you'll make."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)
Vocabulario clave (5)
Allege
to claim something is true without proof
Rumor
a currently circulating story of uncertain truth
Inquiry
an act of asking for information
Diplomatic
having the ability to deal with people in a sensitive way
Objective
not influenced by personal feelings
Real-World Preview
briefcase
Corporate Office Gossip
Review Summary
- It + be + verb(past participle) + that...
- Subject + be + verb(past participle) + to + infinitive
Errores comunes
You cannot use a 'that' clause after a personal subject in this passive structure. Use an infinitive instead.
Wrong:
He is said that he is rich.
Correcto:
He is said to be rich.
In reported questions, the word order must return to statement form (subject + verb).
Wrong:
He asked me what did I do.
Correcto:
He asked me what I did.
The verb 'tell' takes an object directly without the preposition 'to'.
Wrong:
She told to me to wait.
Correcto:
She told me to wait.
Reglas en este capítulo (7)
Next Steps
You have mastered the mechanics of professional reporting. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing to truly own them!
Listen to a news podcast and note down three examples of passive reporting structures.
Práctica rápida (10)
Elige la forma correcta para completar la frase.
The ancient city ___ to have existed for over 2,000 years.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is believed
La ciudad es un sujeto singular, por lo que
is believed es la forma pasiva correcta. El infinitivo to have existed muestra correctamente que la acción ocurrió en el pasado.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estructuras de Información Pasiva (Se dice que él es...)
Completa la pregunta indirecta con la forma correcta del verbo.
She wanted to know what I ___ (do) that evening.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was doing
La pregunta directa probablemente era 'What are you doing this evening?' (Presente Continuo), que cambia a Pasado Continuo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)
Encuentra y corrige el error en la frase.
Find and fix the mistake:
He is said to stole the ancient artifact.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He is said to have stolen the ancient artifact.
Para el reporte pasivo de una acción pasada, usamos la estructura 'to have + past participle'. 'Stole' es el pasado simple, no el participio pasado.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo Indirecto con Modales y Reporte Pasivo (C1)
Encuentra y corrige el error en la oración.
Find and fix the mistake:
My mom told don't stay out late.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My mom told me not to stay out late.
El comando reportado necesita un objeto ('me') después de 'told' y el infinitivo negativo 'not to stay'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Órdenes y Peticiones Reportadas: Decir a otros qué hacer
Elige la forma correcta para completar la pregunta indirecta.
My friend wanted to know ___ I had finished the report.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: if
Para preguntas indirectas Sí/No, usamos 'if' o 'whether' para introducir la cláusula reportada, no 'what' (que es para preguntas con 'wh-') ni 'that' (que es para declaraciones reportadas).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preguntas reportadas de Sí/No (If/Whether)
Encuentra y corrige el error en la pregunta indirecta.
Find and fix the mistake:
He asked me why did I leave early.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked me why I had left early.
En las preguntas indirectas, 'did' se elimina y el verbo cambia de tiempo verbal. 'Why did you leave?' (Pasado Simple) se convierte en 'why I had left' (Pasado Perfecto). El orden invertido de las palabras ('did I') también se corrige a 'I had'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preguntas reportadas con palabras de interrogación (Quién, Qué, Por qué)
Encuentra y corrige el error en la oración.
Find and fix the mistake:
She asked if was he coming to the meeting.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked if he was coming to the meeting.
En preguntas indirectas, el orden de las palabras después de 'if' o 'whether' debe ser sujeto + verbo, no el orden de pregunta. Además, el tiempo verbal necesita ser 'backshifted' ('is coming' -> 'was coming').
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preguntas reportadas de Sí/No (If/Whether)
Encuentra y corrige el error en la oración.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is believed earning a significant salary.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is believed to earn a significant salary.
El verbo de reporte pasivo 'is believed' debe ir seguido de un infinitivo. 'To earn' o 'to be earning' son correctos, dependiendo de si la acción es un estado general o está actualmente en curso.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)
Elige la forma correcta para completar la oración.
The athlete ___ to have trained intensely for months before the competition.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said
La estructura de reporte pasivo requiere 'is/are' + participio pasado del verbo de reporte, seguido de un infinitivo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pasiva Avanzada: Reportando Rumores y Creencias (Se dice que él es...)
Elige la forma correcta para completar el discurso indirecto.
The weather forecast said it ___ rain tomorrow.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: might
El modal 'may' cambia a 'might' cuando se reporta en pasado. 'Can' cambiaría a 'could', y 'will' a 'would'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Estilo Indirecto con Modales y Reporte Pasivo (C1)
Score: /10
Preguntas frecuentes (6)
La estructura básica es
It + be (en el tiempo verbal correcto) + un verbo de reporte en participio pasado (ej., said, believed, reported) + that + una cláusula. Por ejemplo,
It is believed that the meeting starts at ten.
Usar
It is said that...hace tu afirmación más formal, objetiva y general, enfocándose en la información en sí misma, no en quién la dice.
People say that... es más directo e informal.Es una forma de reportar lo que la gente generalmente dice, piensa o cree sobre alguien o algo sin mencionar quién lo dijo específicamente. Hace que tu afirmación suene más objetiva, como
He is said to be a genius.
Ambas son formas de reporte pasivo, pero
He is said to be a geniussuele ser más concisa y pone el foco directamente en la persona de la que se habla.
It is said that...usa 'it' como un sujeto de relleno.
Se usa para reportar lo que la gente generalmente dice, piensa o cree, sin nombrar directamente la fuente. Añade una capa de objetividad y a menudo implica que la información es de conocimiento común o un rumor, e.g.,
The ancient city is said to be built on gold.
La forma activa enfatiza a la gente como sujeto, mientras que
He is said to be richcambia el foco hacia él, haciendo que la declaración sobre él sea más central. También es más formal y concisa, e.g.,
People say the boss is busyse convierte en
The boss is said to be busy.
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