C1 · متقدم فصل 9

فن نقل الأخبار والتقارير: تحدث كالمحترفين بلغة راقية

7 القواعد الإجمالية
83 أمثلة
6 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying information and navigating rumors with confidence and professional flair.

  • Construct sophisticated passive sentences to report hearsay.
  • Convert direct inquiries into fluent reported questions.
  • Command and request information using precise reporting verbs.
Report with authority, speak with precision.

ما ستتعلمه

أهلاً بك يا بطل في مرحلة التمكين! هل وصلت لمرحلة تشعر فيها أن استخدام 'He said' و 'She said' لم يعد كافياً للتعبير عن مهاراتك؟ في هذا الفصل، سننتقل معاً إلى مستوى المحترفين (C1) لنتعلم فن نقل المعلومات بذكاء ورقي لغوي. ستتقن هنا هياكل الـ Passive Reporting المتقدمة مثل 'It is said that' و 'He is said to be'، وهي أدوات سحرية تجعلك تبدو موضوعياً وموثوقاً، تماماً كالمذيعين أو الخبراء في اجتماعات العمل، سواء كنت تنقل أخباراً رسمية أو تناقش إشاعات شائعة في بيئة احترافية. سنغوص أيضاً في تفاصيل تحويل الأسئلة المباشرة (Wh- questions) والطلبات إلى كلام منقول بأسلوب سلس باستخدام 'if' و 'whether'، مع ضبط دقيق للأزمنة وتغيير ترتيب الكلمات لتبدو طبيعية تماماً. تخيل أنك في اجتماع عمل دولي وتريد نقل استفسارات زملائك أو توجيهات المدير بلباقة دون تكرار الكلام نصياً؛ هذا الفصل هو بوابتك لتفعل ذلك بكل أناقة. بنهاية هذه الدروس، لن تكتفي بنقل المعلومة، بل ستصيغها بأسلوب يظهر مدى تمكنك من قواعد اللغة المعقدة، مما يجعل حديثك مؤثراً، دقيقاً، ومليئاً بالثقة.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: relay gossip or business news using advanced impersonal passive structures.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

As a C1 English learner, you're not just speaking English; you're mastering its nuances, ready to express complex ideas with sophistication. This chapter,
Reporting Information and Rumors,
is your gateway to sounding truly fluent and authoritative. It equips you with the tools to share news, relay conversations, and even distance yourself from claims, all while maintaining impeccable grammar.
We'll delve into structures that allow you to subtly convey reported information and rumors, moving beyond basic direct speech to a more objective and refined communication style.
This mastery is crucial for professional settings, academic discussions, and even nuanced social interactions where clarity and precision are paramount. You’ll learn how to transform direct questions into smooth, integrated statements using reported questions with question words or reported Yes/No questions with 'if' or 'whether'. Furthermore, we’ll explore advanced C1 English grammar techniques like using passive reporting verbs
It is said that...
or
He is said to be...
– to present information objectively, often hinting at its source without explicitly naming it.
Get ready to elevate your ability to report facts, claims, and even speculation with a confidence that truly reflects your advanced English proficiency.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

At its heart, reporting information involves transforming someone else's words or a general belief into your own statement, often from a different time or perspective. The core principle is typically backshifting tenses (e.g., present simple becomes past simple) and adjusting pronouns and time expressions. For example,
I am busy today,
becomes
She said she was busy that day.
This foundational understanding then branches into more complex, C1-level structures designed for objectivity and nuance.
When you encounter reported questions, the key is to turn them into statements, losing the question mark and inverted word order. A direct question like
What is he doing?
becomes
She asked what he was doing.
Notice the subject-verb order after the question word. Similarly, for reported Yes/No questions, we use 'if' or 'whether' as a connector: Are you coming? transforms into
He wondered if/whether I was coming.
For reported commands and requests, direct imperatives like Clean your room! convert into an infinitive structure, often with a specific reporting verb:
She told me to clean my room.
Here, verbs like *tell*, *ask*, *order*, *advise*, or *warn* are crucial for conveying the original tone.
The truly C1-level structures involve passive reporting verbs like
It is said that...
or
He is said to be...
. These are powerful for distancing yourself from the information, presenting it as a generally accepted fact or widespread rumor without attribution. For instance, instead of "People say he's very talented, you can say, It is said that he is very talented,
or even more elegantly,
He is said to be very talented." This latter form (He is said to be...) is particularly advanced as it shifts the focus directly to the subject of the rumor or belief, creating a more concise and sophisticated report.
You'll also learn to integrate modals into these passive structures, allowing for precision even when reporting possibilities or obligations, like
He is thought to have been working late.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Forgetting to backshift tenses in reported speech.
✗ He said he *is* coming tomorrow.
✓ He said he *was* coming the next day.
*Explanation:* When reporting something that was said in the past, the tense often shifts backward.
  1. 1Maintaining question word order in reported questions.
✗ She asked what *was his name?*
✓ She asked what *his name was*.
*Explanation:* Reported questions become statements, so the subject comes before the verb.
  1. 1Confusing
    It is said that...
    with
    He is said to be...
✗ The company is said that *it* is launching a new product.
It is said that the company is launching a new product. (Correct, but less concise)
The company is said to be launching a new product. (More advanced, C1)
*Explanation:*
He/She/It is said to be...
is a more advanced and often more elegant way to report information about a specific subject, directly linking the subject to the reported action or state.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Did you hear about the new policy?
B

B

Oh, yes. It is rumored that the changes will be implemented by next month. The CEO is said to be announcing the full details on Friday.
A

A

I’m not sure if I should take on this extra project.
B

B

Well, the manager asked if you would be able to handle it. He also advised us to prioritize our current tasks before committing to new ones.
A

A

I wonder what the new client's expectations are.
B

B

I spoke with Sarah. She said she wasn't sure what their specific requirements were, but she did mention that they were hoping to finalize the contract soon.

أسئلة شائعة

Q

When should I use

It is said that...
versus
He/She is said to be...
?

It is said that...
is more general, like reporting common knowledge or rumors about a situation.
He/She is said to be...
focuses directly on a person or specific entity, making the sentence more concise and often more formal, emphasizing the subject as the focus of the reported information.

Q

Do I always have to backshift tenses in reported speech?

Not always. If the reported statement is still true in the present, or if it's a general truth, backshifting is optional. For example,

He said the Earth is round
is still correct, though
He said the Earth was round
is also acceptable. However, for specific events or past actions, backshifting is generally expected.

Q

Can 'if' and 'whether' be used interchangeably in reported Yes/No questions?

Often, yes. Both 'if' and 'whether' work for simple reported Yes/No questions. However, 'whether' is generally preferred in more formal contexts, or when reporting a choice between two alternatives (e.g.,

She asked whether I wanted coffee or tea
).

Q

Why is reporting commands with 'to-infinitive' better than just saying "He said, 'Do this!'"?

While direct speech is fine, using the 'to-infinitive' structure (

He told me to do this
) transforms the command into a grammatically integrated statement within your own sentence. This makes your speech flow more smoothly and demonstrates a higher level of syntactic control, essential for C1 English.

السياق الثقافي

Native English speakers use these structures to navigate social and professional discourse with precision. Passive reporting verbs like
It is believed that...
or
He is understood to be...
are particularly common in news reporting, academic papers, and business communications where objectivity, formality, and sometimes a degree of distance from the source are desired. In everyday conversation, using reported questions and commands is natural for relaying information efficiently.
There isn't significant regional variation in the grammar itself, but the *frequency* of using advanced passive structures might lean towards more formal environments. Mastering these allows you to sound less direct and more diplomatic when sharing sensitive or unconfirmed information, a valuable social skill.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

It is said that laughter is the best medicine.

يقال إن الضحك خير دواء.

أخبار وإشاعات: المبني للمجهول مع أفعال الإبلاغ (يقال أن...)
2

It was reported that the flight would be delayed by two hours.

أُفيد بأن الرحلة ستتأخر ساعتين.

أخبار وإشاعات: المبني للمجهول مع أفعال الإبلاغ (يقال أن...)
3

The celebrity is said to be filming a new movie in secret.

يقال إن المشهور يصور فيلماً جديداً سراً.

المبني للمجهول المتقدم: الإبلاغ عن الشائعات والمعتقدات (يقال إنه...)
4

She is believed to be one of the top researchers in her field.

يُعتقد أنها واحدة من كبار الباحثين في مجالها.

المبني للمجهول المتقدم: الإبلاغ عن الشائعات والمعتقدات (يقال إنه...)
5

The project is expected to be finished by Friday.

El proyecto se espera que esté terminado para el viernes.

هياكل الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول (يقال إنه...)
6

She is known to be a talented artist.

Se sabe que es una artista talentosa.

هياكل الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول (يقال إنه...)
8

I wondered `where the coffee shop was`.

تساءلت أين كان المقهى.

الأسئلة المنقولة بكلمات الاستفهام (من، ماذا، لماذا)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

نوع أفعالك

تخيل أنك تكتب مقالًا وتريد أن تبدو محترفًا. لا تلتزم فقط بـ 'said'. جرب 'believed,' 'known,' 'reported,' 'thought,' 'expected,' أو 'alleged' لإضافة دقة وتنوع لمعلوماتك. كل فعل يحمل معنى مختلفًا قليلًا.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أخبار وإشاعات: المبني للمجهول مع أفعال الإبلاغ (يقال أن...)
💡

نوّع أفعالك

تخيل إنك بتكتب تقرير مهم وعايز تتجنب التكرار. لا تلتزم فقط بـ 'said' و 'believed'! جرّب تستخدم 'known', 'thought', 'understood', 'alleged', 'expected', و 'considered' عشان تضيف دقة وجمال لتقريرك. مثلاً، بدل ما تقول 'He is said to be smart'، ممكن تقول:
He is known to be intelligent.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول المتقدم: الإبلاغ عن الشائعات والمعتقدات (يقال إنه...)
🎯

Use for Objectivity

In essays, use 'It is often claimed that...' to introduce an argument you disagree with. It makes you sound more academic and less aggressive.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هياكل الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول (يقال إنه...)
💡

تذكر: لا قلب للفعل والفاعل!

يا صديقي، هذا هو الخطأ الشائع رقم واحد! تذكر دائماً أن الأسئلة المنقولة هي جمل خبرية، يعني الفاعل يجي قبل الفعل. مثلاً، لو سألك أحدهم: 'What are you doing?'، لما تنقل السؤال تقول: 'He asked what I was doing.' وليس 'what was I doing?'، فهمت؟
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأسئلة المنقولة بكلمات الاستفهام (من، ماذا، لماذا)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

Allege to claim something is true without proof Rumor a currently circulating story of uncertain truth Inquiry an act of asking for information Diplomatic having the ability to deal with people in a sensitive way Objective not influenced by personal feelings

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Corporate Office Gossip

Review Summary

  • It + be + verb(past participle) + that...
  • Subject + be + verb(past participle) + to + infinitive

أخطاء شائعة

You cannot use a 'that' clause after a personal subject in this passive structure. Use an infinitive instead.

Wrong: He is said that he is rich.
صحيح: He is said to be rich.

In reported questions, the word order must return to statement form (subject + verb).

Wrong: He asked me what did I do.
صحيح: He asked me what I did.

The verb 'tell' takes an object directly without the preposition 'to'.

Wrong: She told to me to wait.
صحيح: She told me to wait.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (7)

Next Steps

You have mastered the mechanics of professional reporting. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing to truly own them!

Listen to a news podcast and note down three examples of passive reporting structures.

تدريب سريع (10)

Choose the correct modal shift for: 'I can help you tomorrow,' he said.

He said he ___ help me the next day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: could
'Can' shifts to 'could' in reported speech.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الكلام المنقول مع الأفعال الناقصة والتبليغ المبني للمجهول (C1)

اختر صيغة فعل التبليغ الصحيحة.

It ___ that the new policy will improve efficiency.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is expected
التركيب المبني للمجهول يتطلب 'It + be + اسم المفعول'. 'Is expected' يشكل المبني للمجهول المضارع بشكل صحيح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أخبار وإشاعات: المبني للمجهول مع أفعال الإبلاغ (يقال أن...)

اختر الجملة التي تنقل السؤال 'Where is the nearest ATM?' بشكل صحيح.

اختر الجملة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked where the nearest ATM was.
السؤال المنقول الصحيح يتطلب ترتيب فاعل-فعل ('the nearest ATM was') ويتم إرجاع 'is' إلى 'was' لأن السؤال طُرح في الماضي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأسئلة المنقولة بكلمات الاستفهام (من، ماذا، لماذا)

Identify the error in the following sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

He is thought that he is the best player in the team.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He is thought to be
You cannot use a 'that' clause immediately after 'He is thought'. You must use a 'to' infinitive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: هياكل الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول (يقال إنه...)

أكمل السؤال المنقول بالشكل الصحيح للفعل.

She wanted to know what I ___ (do) that evening.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was doing
السؤال المباشر كان على الأرجح 'What are you doing this evening?' (مضارع مستمر)، والذي يتم إرجاعه إلى الماضي المستمر.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأسئلة المنقولة بكلمات الاستفهام (من، ماذا، لماذا)

اختر الكلمة الصحيحة لإكمال السؤال المنقول.

My friend wanted to know ___ I had finished the report.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: if
للأسئلة المنقولة من نوع (نعم/لا)، نستخدم 'if' أو 'whether'. كلمة 'what' للأسئلة الاستفهامية، و 'that' للجمل الخبرية.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأسئلة المنقولة بنعم/لا (إذا/سواء)

Complete the sentence using the correct form of the verb 'to have'.

The suspect is believed ___ (flee) the country last week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to have fled
We use the perfect infinitive 'to have + past participle' for past actions in passive reporting.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الكلام المنقول مع الأفعال الناقصة والتبليغ المبني للمجهول (C1)

Find the error in this sentence: 'It is thought him to be the best player.'

Find and fix the mistake:

It is thought him to be the best player.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change 'It' to 'He'
The 'Subject + to-infinitive' structure requires the person (He) as the subject, not 'It'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الكلام المنقول مع الأفعال الناقصة والتبليغ المبني للمجهول (C1)

اختر الشكل الصحيح لإكمال الجملة.

The athlete ___ to have trained intensely for months before the competition.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is said
تركيبة الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول بتتطلب 'is/are' + اسم المفعول من فعل الإبلاغ، يليه مصدر.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول المتقدم: الإبلاغ عن الشائعات والمعتقدات (يقال إنه...)

ابحث عن الخطأ في السؤال المنقول وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

He asked me why did I leave early.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked me why I had left early.
في الأسئلة المنقولة، يتم حذف 'did' ويتم إرجاع زمن الفعل. 'Why did you leave?' (ماضي بسيط) تصبح 'why I had left' (ماضي تام). كما يتم تصحيح ترتيب الكلمات المعكوس ('did I') إلى 'I had'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأسئلة المنقولة بكلمات الاستفهام (من، ماذا، لماذا)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

التركيب الأساسي هو It + be (بالزمن الصحيح) + فعل تبليغ في صيغة اسم المفعول (مثل said, believed, reported) + that + جملة. على سبيل المثال، It is believed that the meeting starts at ten.
استخدام It is said that... يجعل عبارتك أكثر رسمية وموضوعية وعمومية، ويركز على المعلومة نفسها بدلاً من الأشخاص الذين يقولونها. People say that... أكثر مباشرة وغير رسمية.
هي طريقة عشان تنقل اللي الناس بتقوله أو بتفكر فيه أو بتعتقده بشكل عام عن شخص أو شيء، من غير ما تذكر مين اللي قال ده تحديداً. بتخلي كلامك يبان أكتر موضوعية، زي: He is said to be a genius.
الاثنين صيغ إبلاغ مبنية للمجهول، بس 'He is said to be a genius' غالباً بتكون أكتر إيجازاً وبتركز مباشرة على الشخص اللي بنتكلم عنه. أما 'It is said that...' فبتستخدم 'it' كفاعل وهمي.
No, only 'reporting verbs' like say, think, believe, claim, allege, report, understand, and expect work.
The meaning is the same, but 'He is said' focuses on the person, while 'It is said' focuses on the whole situation. 'He is said' is generally considered more advanced.