الأوامر والطلبات المنقولة: إخبار الآخرين بما يجب فعله
polite، professional، clear.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn direct orders into polite reports by using a reporting verb, an object, and a 'to-infinitive'.
- Use 'tell' for commands and 'ask' for requests: 'He told me to wait.'
- Always include the person being spoken to (the object): 'She asked HIM to help.'
- For negative commands, put 'not' before 'to': 'The doctor told me NOT to smoke.'
نظرة عامة
- 1الفعل الناقل (Reporting Verb): مثل
tellأوaskأوorder. هذا الفعل هو الذي يحدد نبرة الكلام (هل هو أمر عسكري؟ أم طلب مهذب؟ أم نصيحة أخوية؟). - 2المفعول به (Object): الشخص الذي وُجه إليه الأمر أصلاً. في الإنجليزية، هذا الركن إلزامي في معظم الأفعال الناقلة للأوامر، وهو ما ينساه الكثير من الطلاب العرب تأثراً بالعربية التي قد تسمح بحذف المفعول به أحياناً.
- 3المصدر (to + base verb): وهو القلب النابض للجملة المنقولة.
He said, Open the window! (وهو أسلوب قد يبدو جافاً أو قصصياً أكثر من اللازم)، نستخدم الكلام المنقول لدمج الأمر في سياق الحديث بسلاسة: He asked me to open the window. هذا التغيير يجعل الكلام أكثر احترافية ويسمح لنا بالتلاعب بدرجة الإلحاح أو الرسمية.to تقوم بدور مشابه جداً، لكن تذكر دائماً أن الفعل الذي يليها يجب أن يكون في صورته المجردة (Base Form)، بغض النظر عن زمن الفعل الناقل. فإذا قلت He told me to go أو He tells me to go؛ يظل الفعل go ثابتاً لا يتغير.Subject + Reporting Verb + Object + (not) to + Base Verb- الأمر الإيجابي:
“Stay here,” the officer said.تصبح:The officer ordered us to stay there. - الأمر السلبي:
“Don't touch the exhibits,” the guide said.تصبح:The guide warned us not to touch the exhibits.
The Manager | الشخص الذي يروي لنا ما حدث. |instructed | اختر الفعل بعناية (أمر، طلب، نصح). |the employees | ضروري جداً؛ لا يمكن حذفه كما في بعض لهجاتنا. |to / not to | في حالة النهي، نضع not قبل to دائماً. |submit | فعل مجرد بدون أي إضافات (s, ed, ing). |tell و ask ليسا كافيين دائماً. إليك قائمة بأفعال ترفع من مستوى لغتك:- للأوامر القوية (Authoritative):
order: (أمر) - تستخدم في السياقات العسكرية أو الرسمية جداً.command: (أعطى أمراً) - قوية جداً وتوحي بسلطة مطلقة.direct: (وجه) - رسمية، تستخدم غالباً في سياق العمل والتعليمات.
- للطلبات والرجاء (Requests/Entreaties):
ask: (طلب) - الأكثر شيوعاً وحيادية.request: (تقدم بطلب) - رسمية جداً، تستخدم في المراسلات.implore/beg: (توسل/ناشد) - تعبر عن حاجة ماسة أو عاطفة قوية.
- للنصح والتحذير (Advice/Warning):
advise: (نصح) - رسمية ومهنية.urge: (حثّ) - تعبر عن تشجيع قوي للقيام بفعل ما.warn: (حذر) - تستخدم غالباً مع الصيغة المنفيةnot to.
Reported Commands علامة على النضج اللغوي.- 1في بيئة العمل (Professional Context):
The boss said: Finish the report (التي قد تبدو فظة بعض الشيء)، يفضل قول: The boss instructed us to finish the report by EOD. هنا، الفعل instructed يعطي انطباعاً بالاحترافية والتنظيم.- 1تلطيف الطلبات (Softening Requests):
- طلب مباشر:
“Could you please help me with this?” - نقل الطلب:
He asked me to help him with the task.
- 1في الرواية والقصص (Narrative):
The doctor advised the patient to rest, but the patient ignored him.- 1التلخيص (Summarizing):
The technician told me to restart the router and wait for five minutes.tell و order و ask (بمعنى طلب)، يجب ذكر المفعول به.- خطأ:
*He told to go. - صح:
He told me to go. - لماذا نقع في هذا الخطأ؟ لأننا نترجم ذهنياً «قال أن نذهب»، فنسقط المفعول به.
that بدلاً من المصدر (The 'That' Clause Trap):that) بكثرة: «طلب مني أن أساعده».- خطأ:
*He asked me that I help him. - صح:
He asked me to help him. - تنبيه: بالرغم من أن بعض الأفعال مثل
suggestأوinsistتقبلthatمع صيغة الـSubjunctive(مثل:He suggested that I help him)، إلا أن الأوامر والطلبات المباشرة تفضل دائماً صيغة الـto-infinitive.
say و tell:say لا تأتي أبداً مع مفعول به مباشر متبوع بمصدر في هذا السياق.- خطأ:
*He said me to wait. - صح:
He told me to wait. - ملاحظة: إذا أصررت على استخدام
say(وهو أمر غير شائع في الأوامر)، يجب أن تقول:He said to me that I should wait.
not في المكان الخاطئ:not بعد to.- خطأ:
*She told him to not smoke. - صح:
She told him not to smoke. - نصيحة: تذكر دائماً القاعدة الذهبية:
notتسبقtoكما يسبق التحذير الفعل.
“Close the door!” | He told me to close the door. | Verb + Object + to-infinitive |“The door is closed.” | He said that the door was closed. | Verb + (that) + clause |“Let's close the door.” | He suggested closing the door. | Suggest + -ing OR Suggest + that... |He told me that I closed the door (جملة خبرية)، فأنت تخبرني بمعلومة حدثت بالفعل. أما إذا قلت He told me to close the door (أمر)، فأنت تنقل لي طلباً للقيام بفعل في المستقبل.ask للسؤال و ask للطلب:- سؤال:
He asked me where I was going.(نقل معلومة مجهولة). - طلب:
He asked me to go with him.(طلب القيام بفعل).
say لنقل الأوامر؟say تستخدم لنقل «الأقوال» وليس «الأوامر». إذا استخدمتها، ستتحول الجملة إلى جملة خبرية (Reported Statement) وليست أمراً منقولاً. الأفضل دائماً استخدام tell أو order لأنها مصممة خصيصاً لهذا الغرض وتأخذ مفعولاً به مباشراً.please؟please تختفي عند النقل، ونعوض عنها باختيار الفعل الناقل المناسب، وهو عادة ask.- الأصل:
“Please, don't tell anyone!” - المنقول:
She asked me not to tell anyone.(لاحظ أننا لم نضعpleaseلأن الفعلaskقام بالواجب).
here و now؟here تصبح there و now تصبح then أو at that time و tomorrow تصبح the following day.- مثال:
“Come here now!”تصبحHe ordered me to go there immediately.
threaten (هدد) أو offer (عرض) أو promise (وعد).- مثال:
“I'll kill you!”تصبحHe threatened to kill me.(هنا لا نحتاج لمفعول به بين الفعل والمصدر، رغم أنه أمر ضمني).
urge, remind, أو instruct.Structure of Reported Commands
| Subject | Reporting Verb | Object | Infinitive (to + verb) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
The teacher
|
told
|
the students
|
to open their books.
|
|
My friend
|
asked
|
me
|
to help him.
|
|
The boss
|
ordered
|
us
|
to finish the project.
|
|
She
|
warned
|
him
|
not to touch the wire.
|
|
I
|
begged
|
her
|
to stay.
|
|
The sign
|
instructs
|
visitors
|
to wait here.
|
Meanings
The grammatical structure used to relay instructions, orders, or requests made by someone else without using their exact words.
Direct Commands
Reporting a firm order or instruction where the speaker has authority.
“The officer ordered the suspect to put his hands up.”
“My boss told me to attend the meeting.”
Polite Requests
Reporting a request where the speaker is asking for a favor or cooperation.
“She asked the waiter to bring some water.”
“He requested the guests to remain seated.”
Urgent Advice or Warnings
Reporting a directive that functions as a warning or strong suggestion.
“The lifeguard warned us not to swim near the rocks.”
“The manual advises users to unplug the device before cleaning.”
Reference Table
| الأمر المباشر | فعل النقل | الأمر المنقول (إيجابي) | الأمر المنقول (سلبي) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
"Call me later!"
|
tell
|
She told me to call her later.
|
She told me not to call her later.
|
|
"Please help me."
|
ask
|
He asked me to help him.
|
He asked me not to bother him.
|
|
"Stop right there!"
|
order
|
The officer ordered them to stop.
|
The officer ordered them not to move.
|
|
"Study harder."
|
advise
|
My teacher advised me to study harder.
|
My teacher advised me not to procrastinate.
|
|
"Don't touch that."
|
warn
|
They warned us not to touch that.
|
They warned us not to go near the edge.
|
|
"Send the report."
|
request
|
The manager requested him to send the report.
|
The manager requested him not to delay the report.
|
طيف الرسمية
The chairperson requested that the observers vacate the chamber. (Evicting people from a space)
He asked everyone to leave the room. (Evicting people from a space)
He told us to get out. (Evicting people from a space)
He was like, 'Yo, clear out.' (Evicting people from a space)
خريطة المفاهيم: الأوامر والطلبات المنقولة
الهيكل الأساسي
- الفاعل Reporter
- فعل النقل tell, ask, order...
- المفعول به Person addressed
- (not) to + الفعل الأصلي The command/request
أفعال رئيسية
- tell تعليمات محايدة
- ask طلب مهذب
- order أمر قوي
- advise توصية
- warn تحذير
متى تستخدم
- التهذيب تخفيف حدة الأوامر المباشرة
- نقل المعلومات مشاركة التعليمات
- الإعدادات الرسمية التواصل المهني
- تجنب المباشرة أقل مواجهة
مقارنة: الأوامر المنقولة مقابل الجمل الخبرية المنقولة
مخطط انسيابي: دليل سريع لنقل أمر/طلب
هل هو أمر مباشر أو طلب (صيغة أمر)؟
هل لديك 'مفعول به' صريح (الشخص المخاطب) لفعل النقل؟
هل الأمر الأصلي إيجابي أم سلبي؟
هل استخدمت الشكل الأساسي للفعل بعد 'to'؟
شبكة فئات: تعزيز أفعال النقل
تعليمات محايدة
- • tell me to...
- • remind them to...
- • instruct her to...
طلبات/نصائح
- • ask him to...
- • advise us to...
- • encourage me to...
أوامر/تحذيرات قوية
- • order them to...
- • warn us not to...
- • forbid her to...
إقناع/إلحاح
- • urge them to...
- • beg me to...
- • implore him to...
أمثلة حسب المستوى
He told me to go.
He told me to go.
She asked me to help.
She asked me to help.
The teacher told us to listen.
The teacher told us to listen.
Mom told me to eat.
Mom told me to eat.
The doctor told him not to smoke.
The doctor told him not to smoke.
I asked her to open the window.
I asked her to open the window.
He told them to be quiet.
He told them to be quiet.
She asked me not to tell anyone.
She asked me not to tell anyone.
The police officer ordered the driver to stop.
The police officer ordered the driver to stop.
My boss warned me not to be late again.
My boss warned me not to be late again.
They begged us to stay for dinner.
They begged us to stay for dinner.
The sign instructed visitors to keep off the grass.
The sign instructed visitors to keep off the grass.
The coach encouraged the players to keep trying.
The coach encouraged the players to keep trying.
She forbade her children to watch that movie.
She forbade her children to watch that movie.
The guide urged the tourists to stay together.
The guide urged the tourists to stay together.
He reminded me to bring my passport.
He reminded me to bring my passport.
The diplomat implored the nations to seek a peaceful resolution.
The diplomat implored the nations to seek a peaceful resolution.
The court summoned the defendant to appear on Tuesday.
The court summoned the defendant to appear on Tuesday.
The board petitioned the CEO to reconsider the layoffs.
The board petitioned the CEO to reconsider the layoffs.
The general commanded the troops to retreat immediately.
The general commanded the troops to retreat immediately.
The priest adjured the witness to tell the absolute truth.
The priest adjured the witness to tell the absolute truth.
The treaty enjoined the signatories to uphold human rights.
The treaty enjoined the signatories to uphold human rights.
She was to be instructed to vacate the premises by dawn.
She was to be instructed to vacate the premises by dawn.
The king decreed his subjects to pay a new tax.
The king decreed his subjects to pay a new tax.
سهل الخلط
Learners often use 'say' with an object and infinitive, which is incorrect.
Learners try to use 'suggest' with an object + infinitive.
Confusing the verb 'advise' with the noun 'advice' in reported speech.
أخطاء شائعة
He told to me go.
He told me to go.
She said me to wait.
She told me to wait.
He told me go.
He told me to go.
I asked him for help me.
I asked him to help me.
He told me to not smoke.
He told me not to smoke.
The teacher told that we sit down.
The teacher told us to sit down.
She asked to me to help.
She asked me to help.
He suggested me to go.
He suggested that I go.
They ordered to the soldiers to fire.
They ordered the soldiers to fire.
He demanded me to leave.
He demanded that I leave.
The law forbids to smoke here.
The law forbids smoking here / forbids people to smoke here.
أنماط الجُمل
My boss ___ me to ___.
The doctor ___ him not to ___.
The authorities ___ the public to ___.
Real World Usage
Sarah told me to tell you to bring the snacks.
My previous supervisor encouraged me to take the lead on the project.
The specialist advised me not to lift anything heavy for a week.
The crew requested all passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
The officer ordered the driver to step out of the vehicle.
And then she literally asked me to delete the photo!
اختر فعلك بحكمة
The reporting verb (ask, tell, order, advise, warn) carries significant meaning. Pick one that accurately reflects the original tone and intention of the command or request.
لا تنسَ المفعول به!
مثالي للملاحظات غير المباشرة
Use reported commands when giving feedback or relaying instructions from someone else. It softens the message and makes you sound diplomatic, especially in tricky work or group project situations.
التهذيب في الإنجليزية
In many English-speaking cultures, direct commands can be perceived as impolite, especially to strangers or superiors. Using reported commands is a great way to soften your language and sound more respectful.
أتقن الأوامر السلبية
Smart Tips
Default to 'tell' for orders and 'ask' for requests. They are never wrong in neutral contexts.
Think of 'not to' as a single unit that cannot be separated.
Never use 'suggested me to'. Use 'suggested that I' or 'suggested -ing'.
Use 'instruct' or 'direct' to sound professional in emails.
النطق
Stress on the Reporting Verb
The reporting verb (told, asked, warned) usually carries the most stress to emphasize the intent.
Reduction of 'to'
In natural speech, 'to' is often reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Falling intonation on the command
He told me to ↘wait.
Conveys the finality of the instruction.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Remember 'T.O.T': Tell + Object + To. It's the 'tot'al way to report a command!
ربط بصري
Imagine a puppet master (the speaker) pulling strings (the reporting verb) to make a puppet (the object) perform an action (the to-infinitive).
Rhyme
When they say 'Go!', you say 'He told me to go.' / When they say 'No!', you say 'He told me not to go.'
Story
A king (Subject) gave a scroll (Reporting Verb) to a messenger (Object) with a map (to-infinitive) showing where to go. The messenger told the villagers to follow the map.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Look at three signs in your neighborhood (e.g., 'No Parking', 'Push', 'Wait here') and report them out loud using different verbs.
ملاحظات ثقافية
British speakers often use 'shall' or 'should' in reported directives to sound more polite or formal, e.g., 'He said that I should wait.'
American English frequently uses the mandative subjunctive for formal commands, especially with 'insist' or 'demand'.
In modern tech companies, direct commands are often reported as 'suggestions' or 'asks' to sound less hierarchical.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, where the infinitive was used to express purpose or result after verbs of bidding or commanding.
بدايات محادثة
What did your parents always tell you to do when you were a kid?
If you were a king or queen for a day, what would you order your subjects to do?
Tell me about a time a boss or teacher urged you to do something difficult.
What have the authorities recently instructed citizens to do regarding the environment?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
The coach advised the players ___ warm up before the game.
Find and fix the mistake:
My mom told don't stay out late.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesShe warned me ___ ___ ___ the stove.
Choose the best option:
Find and fix the mistake:
The boss suggested me to work late.
He told me...
1. 'Get out!' 2. 'Could you help?' 3. 'Don't go there, it's dangerous.'
A: What did the doctor say? B: He ___ me ___ more water.
Sort the verbs:
not / the / to / told / teacher / us / talk
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesThe librarian ___ me to keep quiet in the reading room.
The teacher told students to studying harder for the final.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'El jefe me dijo que enviara el email.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the direct commands with the start of their reported forms:
The sign ___ drivers ___ (slow) down.
Which of these sentences contains a grammatical error?
Choose the most polite option:
Translate into English: 'Nos aconsejó que no bebiéramos el agua.'
Rearrange the words to make a meaningful sentence:
Score: /11
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Not directly with an infinitive. You can't say `He said me to go`. You must use `tell` or use a 'that' clause with `say`, like `He said that I should go`.
It's a 'split infinitive'. While common in casual English, it's technically better to say `not to go` in formal writing and exams.
Yes, for verbs like `tell`, `ask`, `order`, and `warn`, the person being spoken to must be mentioned.
`Ask` is neutral and common. `Request` is formal and often used in business or official contexts.
Use a plural object like `them` or `us`. Example: `The coach told them to run`.
Yes. `She forbade him to leave`. Note that `forbid` is quite formal and the past tense is `forbade`.
You can use a general object like `people` or `everyone`, or use a passive structure: `Visitors are instructed to wait`.
Yes. If you are reporting a past command, use `told`. If you are reporting a general rule, you can use `tells` or `instructs`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
decir que + subjunctive
English uses an infinitive; Spanish uses the subjunctive.
dire de + infinitive
French requires the preposition 'de' before the infinitive.
sagen + zu + infinitive
German places the infinitive at the very end of the sentence.
youni iu
Japanese uses a completely different particle-based structure.
amara bi + infinitive / an + subjunctive
Arabic often requires a specific preposition depending on the reporting verb.
rang / jiao
Chinese has no 'to' particle and no tense changes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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REPORTED SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH | DIRECT SPEECH - statements, questions, commands
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