متى تستخدم صيغة المجهول (الإبلاغ عن الأخبار والشائعات)
Objectivity و Formal.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the reported passive to share information without naming a specific source, common in news and gossip.
- Use 'It + is/was + past participle + that' for general claims (e.g., 'It is said that...').
- Use 'Subject + is/was + past participle + to-infinitive' for specific people (e.g., 'He is thought to be...').
- Common verbs include: say, think, believe, consider, report, know, and rumor.
نظرة عامة
The cake was eaten (أُكلت الكعكة)، بل يمتد ليشمل هياكل معقدة تُستخدم خصيصاً في الصحافة، التقارير الأكاديمية، وحتى في النقاشات اليومية حول الإشاعات. تخيل أنك جالس في «مجلس» وتتحدث عن مشروع جديد في المدينة؛ بدلاً من أن تقول «يقول الناس إن المشروع سيفشل»، ستستخدم صيغة تجعل الجملة تبدو أكثر رسمية واحترافية مثل «يُقال إن المشروع سيفشل».People say أو They think (وهي جمل صحيحة لكنها بسيطة جداً)، ستتعلم كيف تبني جملاً تركز على المعلومة نفسها أو على الشخص الذي تدور حوله المعلومة. هذا الدرس سيعلمك كيف تحول الأخبار من صيغة «القيل والقال» العادية إلى صيغة تقارير رصينة ومحترفة.say (يقول)، think (يفكر/يعتقد)، believe (يعتقد)، know (يعرف)، report (يبلغ/ينقل خبراً)، understand (يفهم/يصل لعلمه)، expect (يتوقع)، claim (يدعي)، و allege (يزعم - وتستخدم غالباً في الأمور القانونية).to be متبوعاً بالتصريف الثالث للفعل (V3).- 1النمط الأول: استخدام الفاعل الوهمي
It
It (التي تعمل هنا كفاعل شكلي لا يعود على شيء محدد، تماماً مثل «ضمير الشأن» في العربية)، ثم نضع فعل التقرير في صيغة المبني للمجهول، ثم نكمل الجملة بـ that متبوعة بجملة كاملة.- مثال:
It is said that the market is closing.(يُقالُ إنّ السوق سيغلق).
- 1النمط الثاني: التركيز على موضوع الخبر (Subject + Passive Verb + To-Infinitive)
It بل نبدأ بالشخص أو الشيء الذي نتحدث عنه، ثم نضع فعل التقرير في المبني للمجهول، ثم نستخدم صيغة to مع الفعل (Infinitive).- مثال:
The market is said to be closing.(يُقال عن السوق إنه سيغلق).
It + Passive Reporting Verb + that + ClauseIt + is/was/has been + Past Participle (V3) + that + (جملة كاملة: فاعل + فعل + مفعول).It is believed that... | It is believed that he is rich. | يُعتقدُ أنه غني. |It was reported that... | It was reported that the fire started at midnight. | أُفيدَ بأن الحريق بدأ في منتصف الليل. |It has been claimed that... | It has been claimed that the product is unsafe. | لُوحظ ادعاء بأن المنتج غير آمن. |Subject + Passive Reporting Verb + to + Infinitiveto يتغير حسب زمن الخبر الأصلي. المعادلة هي:is/was + Past Participle (V3) + to + (شكل المصدر المناسب).- 1المصدر البسيط (Simple Infinitive):
to + verb
He is said to live in Dubai.(يُقال إنه يعيش في دبي - الآن).
- 1المصدر المستمر (Continuous Infinitive):
to be + verb-ing
The team is thought to be training right now.(يُعتقد أن الفريق يتدرب الآن).
- 1المصدر التام (Perfect Infinitive):
to have + V3
The thief is believed to have escaped.(يُعتقد أن اللص قد هرب - هرب أولاً ثم جاء الاعتقاد).
- 1المصدر المجهول (Passive Infinitive):
to be + V3أوto have been + V3
The documents are expected to be signed tomorrow.(يُتوقع أن تُوقع الوثائق غداً).
- 1الاحترافية والموضوعية في العمل:
I think the project will fail (أعتقد أن المشروع سيفشل)، وهو ما قد يبدو رأياً شخصياً ضعيفاً، يمكنك قول It is expected that the project will face challenges (يُتوقع أن يواجه المشروع تحديات). هذا الأسلوب يعطي انطباعاً بأن هذا التوقع مبني على دراسة أو إجماع، وليس مجرد رأي فردي.- 1نقل الإشاعات والأخبار غير المؤكدة (Gossip & Rumors):
- مثال:
He is rumored to be getting married soon.(يُشاع أنه سيتزوج قريباً). هنا أنت نقلت الخبر وحميت مصدرك في نفس الوقت.
- 1تجنب المسؤولية (Distancing):
The minister stole the money فأنت قد تتعرض للمساءلة القانونية. لكن إذا قلت The minister is alleged to have stolen the money (يُزعم أن الوزير سرق الأموال)، فأنت تنقل الادعاء فقط ولا تؤكده كحقيقة مطلقة.- 1عندما يكون المصدر بديهياً أو غير مهم:
- مثال:
It is known that Arabic is a beautiful language.(من المعروف أن اللغة العربية لغة جميلة). لا نحتاج لقولPeople know...لأن الأمر بديهي.
- 1نسيان فعل المساعد
am/is/are/was/were:
He said to be clever. هذا خطأ فادح! الفعل said وحده يعني «هو قال». يجب أن تقول He IS said to be clever.to be.- 1الخلط بين
thatوto:
It is said to he is rich (خطأ) أو He is said that he is rich (خطأ).- إذا بدأت بـ
Itاستخدمthat+ جملة كاملة. - إذا بدأت بـ
Subject(فاعل حقيقي) استخدمto+ مصدر.
- 1استخدام زمن خاطئ للمصدر:
The pyramid is believed to build by aliens.The pyramid is believed to HAVE BEEN BUILT by aliens (لأن البناء حدث في الماضي وهو فعل مجهول).- 1ترجمة «يقولون» بـ
They sayفي السياقات الرسمية:
They say صحيحة قواعدياً، إلا أنها تبدو غير احترافية في الكتابة الرسمية. الطالب العربي يميل لاستخدامها لأنها تشبه «يقولون» في العامية. في المستوى B1، عليك الانتقال إلى It is said.People say that he is a hero. | التركيز على الناس الذين يتحدثون. صيغة عادية وغير رسمية. |It is said that he is a hero. | التركيز على «الخبر» نفسه. صيغة رسمية تستخدم في التقارير. |He is said to be a hero. | التركيز على «الشخص». هذه الصيغة هي الأكثر شيوعاً في الصحافة. |I think he is a hero. | رأي شخصي بحت، لا توجد فيه صفة «النقل» عن الآخرين. |- 1
It is said that the man is generous.(تركيز على القول). - 2
The man is said to be generous.(تركيز على الرجل).
eat أو run بهذه الطريقة. لا نقول He is eaten to... بل نقول He is thought to... أو It is reported that....was said بدلاً من is said؟was said (الماضي) إذا كان فعل «القول» نفسه قد حدث في الماضي وانتهى، أو إذا كنا ننقل تقريراً قديماً لم يعد متداولاً الآن. أما is said فهي للأخبار والإشاعات التي يتداولها الناس حالياً.It أم نمط Subject؟Subject + to-infinitive (مثل: The company is expected to grow) لأنه يجعل الجملة أقصر وأكثر مباشرة، وهو الأسلوب المفضل في الصحافة العالمية مثل BBC أو CNN.It's said to be very expensive (يُقال إنه غالٍ جداً). هذا يجعلك تبدو متحدثاً لبقاً يعرف كيف ينقل الكلام بدقة.Reporting Verb Structures
| Structure Type | Subject | Passive Reporting Verb | Connector/Infinitive | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Impersonal
|
It
|
is said / was believed
|
that + clause
|
It is said that he is kind.
|
|
Personal (Present)
|
He / She / They
|
is thought / are known
|
to + infinitive
|
He is thought to be kind.
|
|
Personal (Past)
|
The suspect
|
is alleged
|
to have + past participle
|
He is alleged to have stolen it.
|
|
Personal (Continuous)
|
The team
|
is reported
|
to be + -ing
|
They are reported to be winning.
|
|
Negative Impersonal
|
It
|
is not expected
|
that + clause
|
It is not expected that they win.
|
|
Question Personal
|
Is
|
he known
|
to be + adjective
|
Is he known to be reliable?
|
Meanings
A grammatical structure used to report opinions, rumors, or facts when the specific source of the information is unknown, unimportant, or needs to be distanced from the speaker.
Impersonal Reporting
Using 'It' as a dummy subject to introduce a general belief or news item.
“It is reported that the strike will end tomorrow.”
“It was thought that the earth was flat.”
Personal Subject Reporting
Focusing on a specific person or thing as the subject of the rumor or belief.
“The CEO is said to be resigning next month.”
“The painting is believed to be a forgery.”
Past Reporting
Reporting something that was believed in the past but may not be now.
“He was known to be a difficult boss.”
“It was alleged that he stole the money.”
Reference Table
| فعل التقرير | النمط 1: 'It is...' + that clause | النمط 2: 'Subject is...' + to + infinitive |
|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
`It is said that she's a genius.`
|
`She is said to be a genius.`
|
|
Believe
|
`It is believed that the plan will work.`
|
`The plan is believed to work.`
|
|
Think
|
`It is thought that he quit.`
|
`He is thought to have quit.`
|
|
Report
|
`It was reported that the road is closed.`
|
`The road was reported to be closed.`
|
|
Know
|
`It is known that dogs love walks.`
|
`Dogs are known to love walks.`
|
|
Expect
|
`It is expected that prices will rise.`
|
`Prices are expected to rise.`
|
|
Understand
|
`It is understood that she resigned.`
|
`She is understood to have resigned.`
|
|
Claim
|
`It is claimed that the product works.`
|
`The product is claimed to work.`
|
طيف الرسمية
It is widely considered that the company is facing insolvency. (Business discussion)
The company is thought to be failing. (Business discussion)
Word is the company is going under. (Business discussion)
People are saying the company is toast. (Business discussion)
صيغة التقرير للمجهول: متى نستخدمها؟
الأنماط الأساسية
- `It is said that...` General statements
- `Subject is believed to...` Focus on person/thing
ليه نستخدمها؟
- مصدر مجهول Who said it? Not important.
- أسلوب رسمي Objective, academic, news
- تجنب المسؤولية Sharing rumors, gossip
أشهر الأفعال
- `say` It is said
- `believe` is believed
- `report` was reported
مقارنة الأنماط: 'It is...' مقابل 'Subject is...'
كيف تختار صيغة التقرير الصحيحة؟
هل تريد نقل حقيقة عامة أو موقف؟
هل تريد التركيز على شخص أو شيء معين؟
هل الفعل يحدث الآن أو في المستقبل؟
أفعال التقرير واستخداماتها
رأي عام
- • `It is said...`
- • `It is believed...`
تقرير رسمي
- • `It is reported...`
- • `It is alleged...`
توقعات
- • `It is expected...`
- • `He is expected to...`
حقائق معروفة
- • `It is known...`
- • `She is known to...`
أمثلة حسب المستوى
People say he is rich.
People say he is rich.
They say it is a good movie.
They say it is a good movie.
Everyone says the food is great.
Everyone says the food is great.
My friends say she is nice.
My friends say she is nice.
It is said that he is a hero.
It is said that he is a hero.
It is known that the sun is hot.
It is known that the sun is hot.
It is thought that they are happy.
It is thought that they are happy.
Is it said that the party is at 8?
Is it said that the party is at 8?
The company is expected to grow this year.
The company is expected to grow this year.
It is reported that the road is closed.
It is reported that the road is closed.
He is believed to have stolen the car.
He is believed to have stolen the car.
The team is thought to be the best in the league.
The team is thought to be the best in the league.
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
It is widely assumed that the tax will increase.
It is widely assumed that the tax will increase.
The ruins are considered to be over 2,000 years old.
The ruins are considered to be over 2,000 years old.
She is understood to be working on a new book.
She is understood to be working on a new book.
The policy is rumored to be under review by the committee.
The policy is rumored to be under review by the committee.
It is contended that the data was misinterpreted.
It is contended that the data was misinterpreted.
He is reputed to have been the finest architect of his generation.
He is reputed to have been the finest architect of his generation.
The species was previously thought to have been extinct.
The species was previously thought to have been extinct.
The document is purported to be the original treaty.
The document is purported to be the original treaty.
It is held by many scholars that the text is a later addition.
It is held by many scholars that the text is a later addition.
The CEO is rumored to have been ousted in a boardroom coup.
The CEO is rumored to have been ousted in a boardroom coup.
The findings are expected to be met with significant skepticism.
The findings are expected to be met with significant skepticism.
سهل الخلط
Learners often use 'They say' when 'It is said' would be more appropriate for the formal context.
Mixing 'He is said that...' and 'It is said to...'.
Confusing 'He is said to have...' with 'He had his hair cut'.
أخطاء شائعة
He says that he is rich.
People say he is rich.
It says that it will rain.
It is said that it will rain.
He is said that he is a genius.
He is said to be a genius.
The thief is believed escaped.
The thief is believed to have escaped.
It is alleged him to be the killer.
He is alleged to be the killer.
أنماط الجُمل
It is ___ that ___.
___ is/are thought to ___.
___ is said to have ___.
It was once believed that ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the ceasefire has been signed.
She is rumored to be getting a promotion.
The theory is considered to be outdated.
The suspect is believed to be armed and dangerous.
The temple is said to have been built in a single night.
The new iPhone is expected to have a better camera.
ركز على المعلومة مش المصدر
It is said that the exam was easy.
انتبه للمصادر (Infinitives)!
to go أو مصدر تام للأحداث الماضية: He is believed to have left already.
سر الصحفيين والدردشة
It is claimed that the company is closing.
الرسمية في الإنجليزية
It is understood that the policy will change.
Smart Tips
Start your sentences with 'It is reported that...' or 'It is understood that...'.
Use 'He is rumored to...' to share a secret without sounding like you are the one who started it.
Use 'It is widely considered that...' instead of 'Many people think...'.
Remember that 'to have' means the action happened *before* the rumor started.
النطق
Stress on the Reporting Verb
In the reported passive, the main stress usually falls on the past participle of the reporting verb (said, thought, believed).
The 'to' reduction
In the personal subject structure, the word 'to' is often reduced to a weak 'tuh' sound.
Falling intonation for facts
It is known that the earth is round. ↘
Conveys certainty and finality.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Remember 'IT' for 'Information Total' (It is said that...) and 'S' for 'Specific Subject' (She is said to...).
ربط بصري
Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. When they look at the camera and say 'It is reported...', they are talking to everyone. When they point to a photo of a celebrity and say 'He is rumored...', they are focusing on that person.
Rhyme
If you don't know who said the word, use the passive to be heard.
Story
A detective arrives at a crime scene. He doesn't know who the thief is. He tells the press, 'It is believed that the thief entered through the window.' Later, when they find a suspect, he says, 'The suspect is thought to have hidden the jewels.'
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write three rumors about your favorite celebrity using 'is said to', 'is rumored to', and 'is thought to'.
ملاحظات ثقافية
Journalists use 'alleged' or 'it is reported' to avoid lawsuits. If they say 'He is a thief' and it's not proven, they can be sued. If they say 'He is alleged to be a thief,' they are just reporting a claim.
British news (like the BBC) uses the reported passive very frequently to maintain a tone of 'impartiality' and 'stiff upper lip' objectivity.
In universities, using 'I think' is often discouraged. Students are taught to use 'It is argued that' or 'It is considered' to make their writing sound more scientific.
The use of the passive voice for distancing comes from Latin legal and academic traditions, which heavily influenced Middle English.
بدايات محادثة
What is a famous rumor about a celebrity that is said to be true?
It is reported that robots will take many jobs. What do you think?
Is there a place in your city that is thought to be haunted?
What are some things that were once believed to be true but are now known to be false?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
It ___ that the new student is from Canada.
It is believed that... هي الصح لنقل اعتقاد أو إشاعة حالية.Find and fix the mistake:
The app is said to being updated next week.
To be updated بتبين إن الفعل هيحصل في المستقبل للمجهول.Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Choose the correct sentence:
is reported هي المطلوبة هنا لنقل خبر عام.Score: /4
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesIt is _______ (believe) that the company will close next year.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The thief is thought to escaped through the window.
People say that he lives in New York. -> He _______.
1. People think she is rich. 2. People thought she was rich.
We can use the verb 'want' in the reported passive structure (e.g., 'It is wanted that...').
A: Did you hear about the CEO? B: Yes, she is rumored _______ resigning.
Verbs: say, eat, believe, run, report, sleep.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new restaurant ___ to open next month.
It is believed the ancient text existed for centuries.
Which sentence is correct?
ترجم للإنجليزي: 'يُذكر أن الحفل كان ناجحاً.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
وصل البدايات بالنهايات المناسبة:
The celebrity is understood ___ in secret for months.
Many students are expected to will attend the orientation.
Choose the correct sentence:
ترجم للإنجليزي: 'يُعتقد أنه كتب الكتاب الأكثر مبيعاً.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
وصل فعل التقرير بصيغة المصدر المناسبة:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
No, only verbs related to saying, thinking, or believing (e.g., `say`, `think`, `believe`, `report`, `know`). You can't say `It is eaten that...`.
They mean the same thing, but 'It is said that' focuses on the whole idea, while 'He is said to' focuses on the person.
It's more common in formal speaking (like news) or when sharing rumors. In casual talk, we usually say `I heard that...` or `They say...`.
Use `to have + past participle`. For example: `He is said to have left` means people say he left in the past.
To protect themselves legally. It shows they are reporting a claim, not stating a proven fact.
Yes! `It was said that...` means people used to say it, but maybe they don't anymore.
Yes, but `Rumor has it` is an idiomatic expression, while `It is rumored that` is a standard passive structure.
Mixing the two forms, like saying `He is said that he is...`. Remember: `It` + `that`, `He` + `to`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
Spanish lacks the personal subject + passive + to-infinitive structure.
On dit que...
French uses an active subject 'on' instead of a passive 'it'.
Man sagt, dass...
German uses 'man' or 'es wird' rather than personal subject passives.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese word order is different, but the logic of using a passive verb is very similar.
Yuqālu 'anna...
Arabic usually keeps the verb at the start of the sentence.
Jùshuō (据说)
Chinese doesn't use a 'passive' verb form because Chinese verbs don't conjugate for voice.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
Related Grammar Rules
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