الماضي البسيط المبني للمجهول: ماذا حدث له؟
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Shift the focus from 'who did it' to 'what happened' using 'was' or 'were' plus the third verb form.
- Use 'was' for singular subjects and 'were' for plural subjects. Example: 'The car was fixed.'
- Always use the Past Participle (V3) of the main verb. Example: 'The letters were written.'
- Add 'by' only if the person who did the action is actually important. Example: 'It was painted by Da Vinci.'
نظرة عامة
Your milk was stolen. أنت لسه مستخدم الـ Past Simple Passive!The evidence was discovered in a dumpster،فأنت سمعت هالقاعدة في بيئتها الطبيعية. والموضوع مش بس للمحققين؛ هيك بنحكي عن التاريخ، والتكنولوجيا، وكل إشعارات الـ
package delivered المزعجة اللي بتوصلك على موبايلك.Twitter was bought by Elon Musk.هاد هو الـ Passive Voice. تحديداً، الـ Past Simple Passive بيركز على أفعال اكتملت في الماضي حيث أن *النتيجة* أو *المفعول به* أهم من الشخص اللي قام بالفعل. فكر فيها كأنها عدسة كاميرا: في الـ active voice، الكاميرا موجهة على الممثل.
The vase was broken(المزهرية انكسرت) بتبين إنك أقل ذنباً بكتير من
I broke the vase(أنا كسرت المزهرية)، صح؟
كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة
by) أو بينزل من الباص تماماً. بعدين الفعل بياخد شكل جديد باستخدام فعل 'to be' في الماضي والـ 'past participle' (هاد هو العمود الثالث في قائمة الأفعال عندك). الموضوع زي التفاعل الكيميائي: Object + was/were + V3.This hidden gem was found in London،فصانع المحتوى عم يستخدم الـ passive لأن *العثور* على المكان هو المهم، مش الشخص المعين اللي لقاه بالصدفة. الموضوع عن الاكتشاف، الحدث، والتاريخ.
نمط التكوين
pizza ، الـ email ، الـ stolen heart).
was للفاعل المفرد (I, he, she, it) واستخدم were للفاعل الجمع (you, we, they).
Eaten ، broken ، written ، sent.
Conjugation Table
| الصيغة | مثال | الترجمة |
|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- |
| Singular (I/He/She/It) | The photo was posted. |
Das Foto wurde gepostet. |
| Plural (You/We/They) | The tickets were sold. |
Die Tickets wurden verkauft. |
| Negative | The app was not updated. |
Die App wurde nicht aktualisiert. |
| Question | Was the car fixed? |
Wurده das Auto repariert? |
متى نستخدمها
- The Mystery Man: لما ما يكون عندك أي فكرة مين عمل الفعل.
My bike
(لو كنت بعرف مين اللي سرقها، كنت حكون عند بيتهم، مش عم أستخدم الـ passive voice).was stolen. - Captain Obvious: لما يكون واضح جداً مين اللي عمل الفعل لدرجة إن ذكره بصير زيادة حكي.
The thief
(بنفترض إن الشرطة هي اللي اعتقلته، مش باريستا بالصدفة).was arrested. - The Wallflower: لما يكون الشخص اللي عمل الفعل مش مهم.
The road
(إحنا بهمنا الطريق المرصوف، مش عمال البناء المعينين).was pavedlast year. - The Professional: في الكتابة الرسمية أو الأخبار.
The law
هاد بيعطي نوع من الحيادية الموضوعية اللي بتبين إنك «كبير وبالغ».was passedby parliament.
This title was added recently. حسابك على أمازون بيقول: Your package was delivered. حتى الـ Instagram story تاعت الشخص اللي معجب فيه ممكن تقول: This moment was captured by a friend. هادي لغة النتائج وتحديثات الحالة.
الأخطاء الشائعة
- The Missing 'To Be': الناس غالباً بتقول
The letter written yesterday.
لا! محتاج الـwas.The letter
waswritten yesterday. - Wrong Participle: استخدام الـ past simple بدل الـ participle.
The cake was
(آخ). لازم تكونate.The cake was
eaten. - Subject-Verb Disagreement: استخدام
wasللجمع.The files
لأ طبعاً.wasdeleted.The files
weredeleted. - Overusing It: لو استخدمت الـ passive في كل شي، حتبين زي الروبوت أو كتاب مدرسي ممل جداً.
The coffee was drunk by me
جملة غريبة. ببساطة قولI drank the coffee.
- Confusing 'By' and 'With': استخدم
byللأشخاص/الفاعلين واستخدمwithللأدوات.The window was broken
bya thiefwitha brick.
مقارنة مع أنماط مشابهة
لا تلخبط بين الـ Past Simple Passive وأقاربه:
The cat caught the mouse.(التركيز على مهارات الصيد عند القطة).
The mouse was caught by the cat. (التركيز على سوء حظ الفأر).The mail is delivered every day. (عادة أو حقيقة عامة).The house was being painted when I arrived. (حدث كان مستمراً في الماضي).فكر في الـ Past Simple Passive زي صورة بولارويد (Polaroid) مطبوعة. هي لقطة لشيء صار وانتهى تماماً. فصل وانغلق.
The email was sent. خلصنا. ما في داعي للتوتر بخصوصه بعد اليوم.
أسئلة شائعة
هل بقدر أستخدم الـ passive مع أي فعل؟
لأ! بس الأفعال المتعدية (transitive verbs - الأفعال اللي بتاخد مفعول به) هي اللي بتقدر تكون passive. ما بتقدر تقول I was slept.
هل من قلة الذوق استخدام الـ passive voice؟
أبداً، بس ممكن يكون فيه نوع من «التملص». السياسيين بيحبوا يقولوا
Mistakes were made (أخطاء ارتُكبت) عشان يهربوا من قول «أنا غلطت».
كيف أعرف إذا كانت الكلمة V3 أو مجرد ماضي بسيط؟
بالنسبة للأفعال المنتظمة (regular verbs)، بكونوا نفس الشيء (played/played). أما للأفعال الشاذة، بكونوا مختلفين (saw/seen). لازم تحفظهم! للأسف ما في طرق مختصرة هون.
هل كل جملة passive محتاجة 'by'؟
لأ! في الحقيقة، معظم جمل الـ passive بتستغني عنها لأن الـ «مين» مش هو الهدف.
حيلة للتذكر
تذكر قاعدة الـ W.W.P. وهي: Was/Were + Participle. تخيل Passive Panda (باندا كسلان) وهو كسلان جداً إنه يعمل أي شي، فكل الأشياء بس *بتصير* معه.
The bamboo was eaten by the panda. هو ما «عمل» الفعل؛ هو بس استمتع بالنتيجة!
محادثات حقيقية
Alex: «يا زميلي، وين سيارتك؟»
Sam:
لقد was towed (سُحبت) اليوم الصبح. ركنتها في منطقة تحميل بضائع بالخطأ.
Alex:
يا ساتر، شي بيضايق. وهلwasمخالفةgiven(أُعطيت) لك كمان؟
Sarah: «حبيت صورة بروفايلك الجديدة!»
Maya:
شكراً! لقد was taken (التُقطت) بواسطة أختي خلال رحلتنا لبالي.
Sarah:
الإضاءة خرافية. هلwasهيedited(عُدلت) ببرنامج معين؟
Maya: «شوية بس!»
تمارين تدريجية
ابدأ ببساطة: حول
I wrote the textلـ
The text was written.
ضيف الفاعل:
The movie was directed by Spielberg.
جرب النفي:
The invite was not sent.
اسأل أسئلة:
Werethe resultspublished؟
نوع في الموضوع: جرب تستخدم أفعال شاذة زي thrown و caught و brought في قصة عن مباراة بيسبول سيئة.
Past Simple Passive Formation
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I / He / She / It
|
was
|
cleaned
|
It was cleaned.
|
|
You / We / They
|
were
|
cleaned
|
They were cleaned.
|
|
I / He / She / It (Neg)
|
wasn't
|
cleaned
|
She wasn't cleaned.
|
|
You / We / They (Neg)
|
weren't
|
cleaned
|
We weren't cleaned.
|
|
Question (Singular)
|
Was [subject]
|
cleaned?
|
Was it cleaned?
|
|
Question (Plural)
|
Were [subject]
|
cleaned?
|
Were they cleaned?
|
Contractions in the Past Passive
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
was not
|
wasn't
|
Common in speech/informal writing
|
|
were not
|
weren't
|
Common in speech/informal writing
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction used to describe an action that happened in the past where the receiver of the action becomes the subject of the sentence.
Unknown or Unimportant Actor
Used when we don't know who performed the action or it doesn't matter.
“My bike was stolen yesterday.”
“The windows were cleaned last week.”
Formal or Academic Reporting
Used in news reports, history books, or scientific papers to sound objective.
“The treaty was signed by both leaders.”
“The experiment was conducted under strict conditions.”
Emphasizing the Result
Used when the result of the action is the most interesting part of the story.
“The gold medal was won by a teenager.”
“The cake was eaten before the party even started!”
Reference Table
| صيغة المبني للمعلوم | صيغة المبني للمجهول | التركيز على الفاعل |
|---|---|---|
|
They built it.
|
It was built.
|
Action
|
|
Someone broke the window.
|
The window was broken.
|
Result
|
|
The company made mistakes.
|
Mistakes were made.
|
Objectivity
|
|
She interviewed him.
|
He was interviewed by her.
|
Recipient
|
|
Kids ate the cookies.
|
The cookies were eaten.
|
Item affected
|
|
The staff cleaned the room.
|
The room was cleaned.
|
State
|
طيف الرسمية
The bicycle was forcibly removed from the premises. (Reporting a theft)
My bike was stolen. (Reporting a theft)
My bike got nicked. (Reporting a theft)
My whip was boosted. (Reporting a theft)
الماضي البسيط المبني للمجهول: خريطة المفاهيم الأساسية
التكوين
- Was/Were فعل مساعد
- Past Participle الفعل الرئيسي (التصريف الثالث)
الاستخدامات الرئيسية
- Unknown Agent الفاعل غير معروف
- Unimportant Agent الفاعل غير مهم
- Focus on Action التركيز على الفعل
- Formal Context سياق رسمي
مقارنة: المبني للمعلوم مقابل المبني للمجهول (الماضي البسيط)
هل يجب أن أستخدم الماضي البسيط المبني للمجهول؟
هل حدث الفعل في الماضي؟
هل فاعل جملتك يتلقى الفعل، وليس يقوم به؟
هل الفاعل (agent) غير معروف، غير مهم، أو واضح؟
الماضي البسيط المبني للمجهول: متى نستخدمه
فاعل غير معروف
- • My keys were found.
- • The window was broken.
فاعل غير مهم
- • The new road was opened.
- • Mistakes were made.
تقارير رسمية
- • The decision was announced.
- • Research was conducted.
التركيز على النتيجة
- • The project was completed.
- • My phone was fixed.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
The door was closed.
The door was closed.
The car was washed.
The car was washed.
The apples were eaten.
The apples were eaten.
The book was lost.
The book was lost.
The letter was sent yesterday.
The letter was sent yesterday.
The windows were not cleaned.
The windows were not cleaned.
Was the pizza delivered?
Was the pizza delivered?
The toys were broken by the kids.
The toys were broken by the kids.
The bridge was built in 1850.
The bridge was built in 1850.
My phone was stolen while I was on the bus.
My phone was stolen while I was on the bus.
The results were published in a medical journal.
The results were published in a medical journal.
Were you told about the meeting change?
Were you told about the meeting change?
The suspect was seen leaving the building at midnight.
The suspect was seen leaving the building at midnight.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The data was analyzed using a new software tool.
The data was analyzed using a new software tool.
The employees were given a bonus for their hard work.
The employees were given a bonus for their hard work.
The city was utterly devastated by the earthquake.
The city was utterly devastated by the earthquake.
It was widely believed that the king had been poisoned.
It was widely believed that the king had been poisoned.
The proposal was rejected on the grounds of being too costly.
The proposal was rejected on the grounds of being too costly.
No fewer than ten houses were destroyed in the blaze.
No fewer than ten houses were destroyed in the blaze.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored over several decades.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored over several decades.
The initiative was all but forgotten until the recent discovery of the files.
The initiative was all but forgotten until the recent discovery of the files.
The decision was reached after exhaustive deliberation by the board.
The decision was reached after exhaustive deliberation by the board.
The landscape was transformed beyond recognition by the industrial revolution.
The landscape was transformed beyond recognition by the industrial revolution.
سهل الخلط
Learners often use the active voice when they don't know the subject, leading to vague sentences.
Learners mix up 'was built' (finished) with 'was being built' (in progress).
Confusing a state (adjective) with an action (passive).
أخطاء شائعة
The car fixed yesterday.
The car was fixed yesterday.
The windows were clean.
The windows were cleaned.
I was eat the cake.
The cake was eaten.
They was invited.
They were invited.
The book was wrote by him.
The book was written by him.
Was the letters sent?
Were the letters sent?
The house was build in 1990.
The house was built in 1990.
The thief was arrested from the police.
The thief was arrested by the police.
It was happened last night.
It happened last night.
The dinner was being cooked when I arrived.
The dinner was cooked.
The bed was not slept in it.
The bed was not slept in.
أنماط الجُمل
The ___ was ___ in ___.
I was ___ to ___ by ___.
___ were not ___ until ___.
Was the ___ ___ by ___?
Real World Usage
Local shop was robbed last night.
I was promoted after six months.
I was stuck in traffic, sorry!
The war was ended by a treaty.
Was this dish made with nuts?
This photo was taken in Bali.
انتبه لـ 'Was/Were'
The email was sent.
ركز على التصريف الثالث (V3)
The window was broken.
التركيز على المتلقي
The cake was eaten.
رسمي وعادي
My phone was stolen!
الفاعل اختياري
The painting was bought by a collector.
Smart Tips
Switch to the passive voice to make your writing sound more professional and varied.
Check the V3 form. Many learners accidentally use the V2 form (e.g., 'was took' instead of 'was taken').
Use the passive voice to focus on the mistake rather than the person who made it.
Use the passive to keep the focus on the product.
النطق
Weak form of 'was'
In the passive voice, 'was' is usually unstressed and sounds like /wəz/.
Linking 'were'
If the next word starts with a vowel, the 'r' in 'were' is pronounced.
Focus on the Participle
The cake was EATEN.
Emphasizes the action itself.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
W.W.P: Was/Were + Participle. Think of it as 'What Was Performed'.
ربط بصري
Imagine a crime scene where the criminal is invisible. You can only see the broken window and the stolen jewelry. You describe what you see: 'The window was broken,' 'The jewelry was stolen.'
Rhyme
If the doer is unknown or you just don't care, use 'was' or 'were' with a V3 pair!
Story
A famous painting was stolen from a museum. The guards were questioned, the tapes were watched, but the thief was never found. Every sentence focuses on the mystery, not the person.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Look around your room. Find three things and say when they were made or bought using the passive voice. (e.g., 'This lamp was bought in 2021.')
ملاحظات ثقافية
The 'get-passive' (e.g., 'I got sacked') is extremely common in informal British English to describe negative events.
In scientific English, the passive is used to maintain 'objectivity', though modern journals are starting to allow 'we' more often.
Passive voice is used in legal contexts to focus on the crime or the law rather than the individual.
The English passive voice evolved from Old English, which used the verbs 'weorthan' (to become) and 'beon' (to be) with a past participle.
بدايات محادثة
Tell me about a time something of yours was stolen or lost.
What is a famous building in your city? When was it built?
Think of your favorite movie. Where was it filmed?
Were you ever given a very special gift?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
The old house ___ last year.
Find and fix the mistake:
The books was read by many students.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesThe letter ___ (write) by my grandfather in 1945.
Select the correct passive sentence.
Find and fix the mistake:
The windows was cleaned yesterday.
The police arrested the thief.
1. He found the keys. 2. They built the bridge.
You can use the passive voice with the verb 'to arrive'.
A: Why are you late? B: My car ___ (hit) by another driver.
Sort: Build, Clean, Write, Play
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe bridge ___ in the storm last night.
The old car ___ (repair) by the mechanic yesterday.
Important historical documents ___ (safeguard) in the museum vault.
The new rules was announced to everyone.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'El edificio fue construido en 1900.'
Translate into English: 'Ella fue vista en la cafetería anoche.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
Score: /10
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Use `by` only if the person who did the action is important or surprising. For example, 'The book was written by a 10-year-old.' If it's obvious, like 'The thief was arrested by the police,' you can leave it out.
No! Overusing the passive voice can make your writing sound boring or evasive. Use it only when the object is truly more important than the subject.
`Was broken` is neutral and standard. `Got broken` is informal and often used for accidents or negative events in spoken English.
Not always. It can be an adjective describing the state of the window. If you mean 'Someone broke it,' it's passive. If you mean 'It was in a broken state,' it's an adjective.
Because in science, the experiment is what matters, not the scientist. 'The chemicals were mixed' sounds more objective than 'I mixed the chemicals.'
Put `was` or `were` at the beginning. 'Was the email sent?' or 'Were the cookies eaten?'
Common ones include: `done`, `seen`, `made`, `built`, `written`, `broken`, `stolen`, and `taken`.
No, 'they' is plural and always requires `were`. 'They were found,' never 'They was found.'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Voz pasiva (ser + participio) or Pasiva refleja (se)
English uses the passive voice much more frequently than the formal Spanish 'ser' passive.
La voix passive (être + participe passé)
French participles must agree in gender and number with the subject, unlike English.
Vorgangspassiv (werden + Partizip II)
The auxiliary verb is different ('become' vs 'be').
受身 (ukemi)
English passive is a sentence structure; Japanese passive is a verb conjugation.
المبني للمجهول (al-mabni lil-majhul)
Arabic does not use an auxiliary verb like 'was' or 'were'.
被字句 (bèi zì jù)
Chinese verbs don't change form (no V3), and the passive often implies a negative result.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
06:16 How Kodak invented the “snapshot”
06:27 Was Alexander the Great really that great? - Stephanie Honchell Smith
05:40 Japan's most famous ghost story - Jeffrey Angles
PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step
Arnel's Everyday English
Passive Voice | English Grammar Lessons For Beginners | Spoken English For Beginners
WOW English
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