रिपोर्ट किए गए आदेश और अनुरोध: दूसरों को क्या करना है बताना
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn direct orders into polite reports by using a reporting verb, an object, and a 'to-infinitive'.
- Use 'tell' for commands and 'ask' for requests: 'He told me to wait.'
- Always include the person being spoken to (the object): 'She asked HIM to help.'
- For negative commands, put 'not' before 'to': 'The doctor told me NOT to smoke.'
Overview
He said that he was tired), लेकिन जब हम किसी को कुछ करने का आदेश या निर्देश देते हैं, तो हम He told me to go जैसा स्ट्रक्चर इस्तेमाल करते हैं। हिंदी भाषी होने के नाते, हम अक्सर 'that' (कि) के मोह में पड़ जाते हैं और गलत वाक्य बना बैठते हैं जैसे: *He told that I should go। यह C1 लेवल पर एक बड़ी गलती मानी जाती है। यह स्ट्रक्चर न केवल औपचारिक (formal) बातचीत के लिए ज़रूरी है, बल्कि ऑफिस की मीटिंग्स, ईमेल और प्रोफेशनल ईमेल में अपनी बात को शालीनता से रखने का सबसे प्रभावी तरीका है।told, asked, ordered, advised) मुख्य भूमिका निभाता है।He told me to go है। यहाँ 'me' (object) का होना अनिवार्य है। यदि आप 'object' नहीं लगाएंगे, तो वाक्य अधूरा लगेगा। हिंदी में हम कभी-कभी बिना कर्ता के भी काम चला लेते हैं, जैसे «कहा गया है कि...», लेकिन अंग्रेजी में 'Reported Command' में यह बताना ज़रूरी है कि आदेश किसे दिया गया था।The boss |ordered |the staff |to |leave |- 1Direct:
Submit the report!The manager told me to submit the report. - 2Direct:
"Don't be late."-> Reported:She warned him not to be late.
Do this work!He asked me to do this work
- 1Professional Settings: ऑफिस में जब आप अपने बॉस का निर्देश किसी सहकर्मी को देते हैं:
The director has instructed us to complete the project by Friday.
- 2Advice giving: जब आप किसी को सलाह देते हैं:
The doctor advised him to stop smoking.
- 3Narrative/Storytelling: कहानियों में पात्रों की बातचीत को रिपोर्ट करने के लिए:
The king commanded the soldiers to capture the fort.
- 1Object को छोड़ देना: हिंदी भाषी अक्सर 'to' से पहले object लगाना भूल जाते हैं। जैसे:
*He told to go(गलत)। हिंदी में 'मुझे' या 'उसको' का लोप चल जाता है, अंग्रेजी में नहीं। सही:He told me to go. - 2'That' का अनावश्यक प्रयोग: हिंदी में 'कि' का प्रयोग हर जगह होता है। छात्र अक्सर लिखते हैं:
*He ordered that I should do it.यह C1 लेवल पर बहुत ही 'clunky' लगता है। सही स्ट्रक्चर है:He ordered me to do it. - 3'Not' की गलत जगह: छात्र अक्सर लिखते हैं:
*He told me to not go.यह गलत है। सही फॉर्म है:He told me not to go.यह 'split infinitive' से बचने का एक नियम है जो अंग्रेजी में मानक माना जाता है।
Verb + Object + to-infinitive | Verb + (that) + clause |He told me to wait. | He said that he was waiting. |I was told to go एक बहुत ही सामान्य और उपयोगी स्ट्रक्चर है।Structure of Reported Commands
| Subject | Reporting Verb | Object | Infinitive (to + verb) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
The teacher
|
told
|
the students
|
to open their books.
|
|
My friend
|
asked
|
me
|
to help him.
|
|
The boss
|
ordered
|
us
|
to finish the project.
|
|
She
|
warned
|
him
|
not to touch the wire.
|
|
I
|
begged
|
her
|
to stay.
|
|
The sign
|
instructs
|
visitors
|
to wait here.
|
Meanings
The grammatical structure used to relay instructions, orders, or requests made by someone else without using their exact words.
Direct Commands
Reporting a firm order or instruction where the speaker has authority.
“The officer ordered the suspect to put his hands up.”
“My boss told me to attend the meeting.”
Polite Requests
Reporting a request where the speaker is asking for a favor or cooperation.
“She asked the waiter to bring some water.”
“He requested the guests to remain seated.”
Urgent Advice or Warnings
Reporting a directive that functions as a warning or strong suggestion.
“The lifeguard warned us not to swim near the rocks.”
“The manual advises users to unplug the device before cleaning.”
Reference Table
| डायरेक्ट कमांड | रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब | रिपोर्टेड कमांड (पॉजिटिव) | रिपोर्टेड कमांड (नेगेटिव) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
"Call me later!"
|
tell
|
She told me to call her later.
|
She told me not to call her later.
|
|
"Please help me."
|
ask
|
He asked me to help him.
|
He asked me not to bother him.
|
|
"Stop right there!"
|
order
|
The officer ordered them to stop.
|
The officer ordered them not to move.
|
|
"Study harder."
|
advise
|
My teacher advised me to study harder.
|
My teacher advised me not to procrastinate.
|
|
"Don't touch that."
|
warn
|
They warned us not to touch that.
|
They warned us not to go near the edge.
|
|
"Send the report."
|
request
|
The manager requested him to send the report.
|
The manager requested him not to delay the report.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
The chairperson requested that the observers vacate the chamber. (Evicting people from a space)
He asked everyone to leave the room. (Evicting people from a space)
He told us to get out. (Evicting people from a space)
He was like, 'Yo, clear out.' (Evicting people from a space)
कमांड्स और रिक्वेस्ट्स को रिपोर्ट करना: दूसरों को बताना कि क्या करना है
मुख्य संरचना
- विषय Reporter
- रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब tell, ask, order...
- ऑब्जेक्ट Person addressed
- (not) to + Base Verb The command/request
मुख्य वर्ब्स
- tell Neutral instruction
- ask Polite request
- order Strong command
- advise Recommendation
- warn Caution
कब उपयोग करें
- विनम्रता Softening direct orders
- जानकारी देना Sharing instructions
- औपचारिक सेटिंग्स Professional communication
- सीधापन टालना Less confrontational
रिपोर्टेड कमांड्स बनाम रिपोर्टेड स्टेटमेंट्स
एक कमांड/रिक्वेस्ट को रिपोर्ट करना: एक त्वरित गाइड
क्या यह एक डायरेक्ट कमांड या रिक्वेस्ट (अनिवार्य) है?
क्या आपके पास रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब के लिए एक स्पष्ट 'ऑब्जेक्ट' (संबोधित व्यक्ति) है?
क्या मूल कमांड पॉजिटिव है या नेगेटिव?
क्या आपने 'to' के बाद वर्ब का बेस फॉर्म इस्तेमाल किया है?
रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब पावर-अप्स
न्यूट्रल निर्देश
- • tell me to...
- • remind them to...
- • instruct her to...
रिक्वेस्ट्स/सलाह
- • ask him to...
- • advise us to...
- • encourage me to...
मजबूत कमांड्स/चेतावनी
- • order them to...
- • warn us not to...
- • forbid her to...
मनाना/तत्काल
- • urge them to...
- • beg me to...
- • implore him to...
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
He told me to go.
He told me to go.
She asked me to help.
She asked me to help.
The teacher told us to listen.
The teacher told us to listen.
Mom told me to eat.
Mom told me to eat.
The doctor told him not to smoke.
The doctor told him not to smoke.
I asked her to open the window.
I asked her to open the window.
He told them to be quiet.
He told them to be quiet.
She asked me not to tell anyone.
She asked me not to tell anyone.
The police officer ordered the driver to stop.
The police officer ordered the driver to stop.
My boss warned me not to be late again.
My boss warned me not to be late again.
They begged us to stay for dinner.
They begged us to stay for dinner.
The sign instructed visitors to keep off the grass.
The sign instructed visitors to keep off the grass.
The coach encouraged the players to keep trying.
The coach encouraged the players to keep trying.
She forbade her children to watch that movie.
She forbade her children to watch that movie.
The guide urged the tourists to stay together.
The guide urged the tourists to stay together.
He reminded me to bring my passport.
He reminded me to bring my passport.
The diplomat implored the nations to seek a peaceful resolution.
The diplomat implored the nations to seek a peaceful resolution.
The court summoned the defendant to appear on Tuesday.
The court summoned the defendant to appear on Tuesday.
The board petitioned the CEO to reconsider the layoffs.
The board petitioned the CEO to reconsider the layoffs.
The general commanded the troops to retreat immediately.
The general commanded the troops to retreat immediately.
The priest adjured the witness to tell the absolute truth.
The priest adjured the witness to tell the absolute truth.
The treaty enjoined the signatories to uphold human rights.
The treaty enjoined the signatories to uphold human rights.
She was to be instructed to vacate the premises by dawn.
She was to be instructed to vacate the premises by dawn.
The king decreed his subjects to pay a new tax.
The king decreed his subjects to pay a new tax.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners often use 'say' with an object and infinitive, which is incorrect.
Learners try to use 'suggest' with an object + infinitive.
Confusing the verb 'advise' with the noun 'advice' in reported speech.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
He told to me go.
He told me to go.
She said me to wait.
She told me to wait.
He told me go.
He told me to go.
I asked him for help me.
I asked him to help me.
He told me to not smoke.
He told me not to smoke.
The teacher told that we sit down.
The teacher told us to sit down.
She asked to me to help.
She asked me to help.
He suggested me to go.
He suggested that I go.
They ordered to the soldiers to fire.
They ordered the soldiers to fire.
He demanded me to leave.
He demanded that I leave.
The law forbids to smoke here.
The law forbids smoking here / forbids people to smoke here.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
My boss ___ me to ___.
The doctor ___ him not to ___.
The authorities ___ the public to ___.
Real World Usage
Sarah told me to tell you to bring the snacks.
My previous supervisor encouraged me to take the lead on the project.
The specialist advised me not to lift anything heavy for a week.
The crew requested all passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
The officer ordered the driver to step out of the vehicle.
And then she literally asked me to delete the photo!
अपना वर्ब समझदारी से चुनें
The manager asked him to complete the task.
ऑब्जेक्ट को छोड़ें नहीं!
She told *me* to wait.
इनडायरेक्ट फीडबैक के लिए परफेक्ट
He advised his team to review the plan.
इंग्लिश में विनम्रता
Could you please ask him to call me back?
नेगेटिव कमांड्स में महारत हासिल करें
She told me not to forgetजब तक यह स्वाभाविक न लगने लगे।
The teacher told us not to cheat.
Smart Tips
Default to 'tell' for orders and 'ask' for requests. They are never wrong in neutral contexts.
Think of 'not to' as a single unit that cannot be separated.
Never use 'suggested me to'. Use 'suggested that I' or 'suggested -ing'.
Use 'instruct' or 'direct' to sound professional in emails.
उच्चारण
Stress on the Reporting Verb
The reporting verb (told, asked, warned) usually carries the most stress to emphasize the intent.
Reduction of 'to'
In natural speech, 'to' is often reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Falling intonation on the command
He told me to ↘wait.
Conveys the finality of the instruction.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Remember 'T.O.T': Tell + Object + To. It's the 'tot'al way to report a command!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a puppet master (the speaker) pulling strings (the reporting verb) to make a puppet (the object) perform an action (the to-infinitive).
Rhyme
When they say 'Go!', you say 'He told me to go.' / When they say 'No!', you say 'He told me not to go.'
Story
A king (Subject) gave a scroll (Reporting Verb) to a messenger (Object) with a map (to-infinitive) showing where to go. The messenger told the villagers to follow the map.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look at three signs in your neighborhood (e.g., 'No Parking', 'Push', 'Wait here') and report them out loud using different verbs.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
British speakers often use 'shall' or 'should' in reported directives to sound more polite or formal, e.g., 'He said that I should wait.'
American English frequently uses the mandative subjunctive for formal commands, especially with 'insist' or 'demand'.
In modern tech companies, direct commands are often reported as 'suggestions' or 'asks' to sound less hierarchical.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, where the infinitive was used to express purpose or result after verbs of bidding or commanding.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
What did your parents always tell you to do when you were a kid?
If you were a king or queen for a day, what would you order your subjects to do?
Tell me about a time a boss or teacher urged you to do something difficult.
What have the authorities recently instructed citizens to do regarding the environment?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
The coach advised the players ___ warm up before the game.
Find and fix the mistake:
My mom told don't stay out late.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesShe warned me ___ ___ ___ the stove.
Choose the best option:
Find and fix the mistake:
The boss suggested me to work late.
He told me...
1. 'Get out!' 2. 'Could you help?' 3. 'Don't go there, it's dangerous.'
A: What did the doctor say? B: He ___ me ___ more water.
Sort the verbs:
not / the / to / told / teacher / us / talk
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesThe librarian ___ me to keep quiet in the reading room.
The teacher told students to studying harder for the final.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'El jefe me dijo que enviara el email.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the direct commands with the start of their reported forms:
The sign ___ drivers ___ (slow) down.
Which of these sentences contains a grammatical error?
Choose the most polite option:
Translate into English: 'Nos aconsejó que no bebiéramos el agua.'
Rearrange the words to make a meaningful sentence:
Score: /11
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Not directly with an infinitive. You can't say `He said me to go`. You must use `tell` or use a 'that' clause with `say`, like `He said that I should go`.
It's a 'split infinitive'. While common in casual English, it's technically better to say `not to go` in formal writing and exams.
Yes, for verbs like `tell`, `ask`, `order`, and `warn`, the person being spoken to must be mentioned.
`Ask` is neutral and common. `Request` is formal and often used in business or official contexts.
Use a plural object like `them` or `us`. Example: `The coach told them to run`.
Yes. `She forbade him to leave`. Note that `forbid` is quite formal and the past tense is `forbade`.
You can use a general object like `people` or `everyone`, or use a passive structure: `Visitors are instructed to wait`.
Yes. If you are reporting a past command, use `told`. If you are reporting a general rule, you can use `tells` or `instructs`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
decir que + subjunctive
English uses an infinitive; Spanish uses the subjunctive.
dire de + infinitive
French requires the preposition 'de' before the infinitive.
sagen + zu + infinitive
German places the infinitive at the very end of the sentence.
youni iu
Japanese uses a completely different particle-based structure.
amara bi + infinitive / an + subjunctive
Arabic often requires a specific preposition depending on the reporting verb.
rang / jiao
Chinese has no 'to' particle and no tense changes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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