उन्नत निष्क्रिय: अफवाहों और मान्यताओं की रिपोर्टिंग (उसे कहा जाता है कि वह...)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'He is said to be' to report rumors or general beliefs objectively without blaming a specific source.
- Move the subject of the rumor to the start: 'He is said...'
- Use a reporting verb in passive: 'is believed', 'is thought', 'is alleged'.
- Follow with an infinitive: 'to be', 'to have been', or 'to be doing'.
Overview
He is said to be... जैसे advanced passive reporting structures का इस्तेमाल करना इसी परिपक्वता (maturity) का प्रमाण है। जब तुम किसी अफ़वाह, आम धारणा, या किसी स्थापित तथ्य के बारे में बात करते हो, लेकिन तुम उस जानकारी का श्रेय किसी एक व्यक्ति को नहीं देना चाहते, तब यह structure तुम्हारे बहुत काम आता है।It is said that... का उपयोग करते हैं, जो कि ठीक है, लेकिन C1 level पर तुम्हें इससे एक कदम आगे बढ़कर 'Personal Passive' या 'Advanced Passive Reporting' सीखना होगा।People believe that the CEO is resigning. (लोग मानते हैं कि CEO इस्तीफा दे रहे हैं।)People सक्रिय विषय (active subject) है। लेकिन जब हम इसे advanced passive में बदलते हैं, तो हम 'that' क्लॉज़ के subject (the CEO) को उठाते हैं और उसे पूरे वाक्य का मुख्य subject बना देते हैं।- 1Subject का चुनाव: 'that' के बाद आने वाले व्यक्ति या वस्तु को मुख्य subject बनाओ। (
The CEO) - 2Reporting Verb को Passive बनाओ:
believeबन जाएगाis believed(Subject के अनुसार)। - 3Infinitive का उपयोग: बाकी बचे हुए हिस्से को
to+ verb की उचित form (infinitive) में बदल दो। (to be resigning)
The CEO is believed to be resigning.CEO को वाक्य के शुरू में लाकर उसे 'thematic importance' दे दी है। यह structure यह दर्शाता है कि यह केवल एक व्यक्ति की राय नहीं है, बल्कि एक व्यापक धारणा है।The suspect |be + Past Participle | is alleged |to + Verb form | to have fled the country |say→is said(कहा जाता है)believe→is believed(माना जाता है)think→is thought(सोचा जाता है)know→is known(जाना जाता है)report→is reported(खबर है कि)allege→is alleged(आरोप है कि)expect→is expected(उम्मीद है कि)understand→is understood(समझा जाता है)
- Simple Infinitive (
to+ verb /to be+ adj/noun): जब घटना वर्तमान की हो या सामान्य सत्य हो। - Example:
He is said to be very rich.(कहा जाता है कि वह बहुत अमीर है - अभी है।)
- Continuous Infinitive (
to be+ verb-ing): जब घटना अभी इसी वक्त चल रही हो। - Example:
The economy is reported to be growing fast.(खबर है कि अर्थव्यवस्था तेज़ी से बढ़ रही है।)
- Perfect Infinitive (
to have+ past participle): जब घटना रिपोर्ट करने से पहले ही खत्म हो चुकी हो। - Example:
She is thought to have left the city.(माना जाता है कि वह शहर छोड़ चुकी है - काम पहले हुआ।)
- Perfect Continuous Infinitive (
to have been+ verb-ing): जब कोई काम अतीत में शुरू हुआ और रिपोर्टिंग के समय तक चल रहा था या उसका गहरा असर था। - Example:
They are believed to have been hiding for weeks.(माना जाता है कि वे हफ्तों से छिप रहे थे।)
सर, मैं It is said that... क्यों नहीं इस्तेमाल कर सकता? बिल्कुल कर सकते हो! लेकिन He is said to be... का उपयोग इन विशेष स्थितियों में तुम्हारी भाषा को और अधिक 'professional' बनाता है:- 1Journalism और News Reporting में:
alleged का उपयोग करते हैं।The politician is alleged to have taken bribes.(राजनेता पर रिश्वत लेने का आरोप है।)
- 1Academic और Formal contexts में:
Yoga is known to improve mental health.(योग मानसिक स्वास्थ्य में सुधार के लिए जाना जाता है।)
- 1अफवाहों (Rumors) को हवा देने या दबाने के लिए:
The movie is said to be a masterpiece.(कहा जा रहा है कि फिल्म एक मास्टरपीस है।)
- 1अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से बात कहने के लिए (Distancing):
The new policy is expected to create more jobs.(उम्मीद है कि नई नीति अधिक नौकरियां पैदा करेगी।)
that क्लॉज़ का गलत मिश्रण- Incorrect:
He is said that he is a genius. - Correct:
He is said to be a genius. - Why? हिंदी में हम कहते हैं
कहा जाता है कि वह...
। इस 'कि' (that) के चक्कर में हम English में भीthatलगा देते हैं। याद रखो, अगर तुमHe is saidसे शुरू कर रहे हो, तो आगेtoआएगा,thatनहीं।
- Incorrect:
The thief is believed to escape last night. - Correct:
The thief is believed to have escaped last night. - Why? चोरी कल रात हुई (Past), लेकिन विश्वास आज (Present) किया जा रहा है। जब घटना रिपोर्टिंग से पहले की हो, तो हमेशा
to have + V3लगाओ।
- Incorrect:
He says to be a good doctor. - Correct:
He is said to be a good doctor. - Why?
He saysका मतलब है 'वह कहता है'। लेकिन हम कहना चाहते हैं 'उसके बारे में कहा जाता है'। इसलिएis said(passive) होना ज़रूरी है।
- Confused:
It is believed to be a miracle.(यह भी सही है, लेकिन अगर तुम किसी चीज़ के बारे में बात कर रहे हो, तोThe event is believed to be a miracleबेहतर है।) - Rule:
It is believed that...के बाद पूरा वाक्य आता है।Subject is believed to...के बाद सिर्फ infinitive आता है।
It is said that... और He is said to be... के बीच उलझ जाते हैं। नीचे दी गई टेबल से यह बिल्कुल साफ़ हो जाएगा:People say that... | Informal/Direct | People say that he is a hero. |It is said that... | Formal/Neutral | It is said that he is a hero. |Subject + is said to... | Highly Formal/Focused | He is said to be a hero. |supposed to का उपयोग करते हैं, तो उसके दो मतलब हो सकते हैं:- 1Expectation/Duty:
You are supposed to be here at 9.(तुम्हें 9 बजे यहाँ होना चाहिए - नियम है।) - 2Rumor (Advanced Passive):
This restaurant is supposed to be the best in town.(माना जाता है कि यह रेस्टोरेंट शहर में सबसे अच्छा है।)
is said to का उपयोग सभी क्रियाओं के साथ कर सकते हैं?believe, think, know, report, expect, allege, claim, understand आदि। तुम He is eaten to be... जैसा कुछ नहीं कह सकते क्योंकि eat कोई रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब नहीं है।The building was thought to be empty. (सोचा गया था कि इमारत खाली थी।) यहाँ was thought यह बताता है कि यह धारणा अतीत में थी।is said to be working: वह अभी काम कर रहा है, ऐसी खबर है।is said to have been working: वह पिछले कुछ समय से काम कर रहा था (अब शायद नहीं), ऐसी खबर है।
He is said to... और He is told to... एक ही हैं?He is said to be... का मतलब है 'उसके बारे में कहा जाता है'। He is told to... का मतलब है 'उसे (किसी काम को करने के लिए) कहा गया है' (Order/Instruction)।He is said to be quiet.(वह शांत स्वभाव का माना जाता है।)He is told to be quiet.(उसे शांत रहने के लिए कहा गया है।)
People say that... कहकर अपना काम चला सकते थे। लेकिन C1 पर, तुम्हें अपनी भाषा में वह 'authority' लानी होगी। जब तुम The artifact is believed to have been stolen कहते हो, तो तुम न केवल सही व्याकरण का उपयोग कर रहे हो, बल्कि तुम यह भी दिखा रहे हो कि तुम्हें समय के सूक्ष्म अंतर (nuances of time) और सूचना के प्रवाह (information flow) की गहरी समझ है।The pitch is expected to favor the spinners. वे यह नहीं कहते We expect that the pitch will favor... क्योंकि पिच ही उस समय का मुख्य विषय है।Formation of the Personal Passive
| Subject | Passive Reporting Verb | Infinitive Type | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
He
|
is said
|
Simple (to be)
|
He is said to be rich.
|
|
She
|
is thought
|
Continuous (to be doing)
|
She is thought to be working.
|
|
They
|
are believed
|
Perfect (to have done)
|
They are believed to have left.
|
|
The car
|
is reported
|
Passive (to be done)
|
The car is reported to be stolen.
|
|
He
|
was alleged
|
Perfect Continuous
|
He was alleged to have been lying.
|
|
The project
|
is expected
|
Future-facing
|
The project is expected to fail.
|
Meanings
A formal structure used to report what people generally say, think, or believe about someone or something, often used in journalism to maintain objectivity.
General Reputation
Describing a person's current reputation or a widely held belief about them.
“He is said to be the most talented pianist of his generation.”
“The city is known to be quite dangerous at night.”
Legal/Journalistic Allegations
Reporting accusations or claims that have not yet been proven in court.
“The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.”
“The company is claimed to have ignored safety warnings.”
Historical/Past Beliefs
Reporting what was believed about someone in the past.
“The castle was believed to be haunted for centuries.”
“The Vikings were once thought to have reached America first.”
Reference Table
| मूल एक्टिव (Original Active) | पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग (It is said that...) | एडवांस्ड पैसिव (He is said to be...) |
|---|---|---|
|
People say he is rich.
|
It is said that he is rich.
|
He is said to be rich.
|
|
They believe she lives abroad.
|
It is believed that she lives abroad.
|
She is believed to be living abroad.
|
|
We know he stole the money.
|
It is known that he stole the money.
|
He is known to have stolen the money.
|
|
Experts consider the drug effective.
|
It is considered that the drug is effective.
|
The drug is considered to be effective.
|
|
They think he was cheating.
|
It is thought that he was cheating.
|
He is thought to have been cheating.
|
|
Everyone understood she had left.
|
It was understood that she had left.
|
She was understood to have left.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
The new device is rumored to feature a titanium frame. (Tech news)
The new iPhone is said to have a titanium frame. (Tech news)
They say the new iPhone is gonna be titanium. (Tech news)
Word is the new iPhone's got that titanium vibe. (Tech news)
एडवांस्ड पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग: 'टू बी' का प्रवाह
पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग क्रियाएँ
- is said वर्तमान अफवाह/मान्यता
- are believed वर्तमान सामान्य राय
- was known भूतकाल का स्थापित तथ्य
- were thought भूतकाल का सामान्य विचार
इन्फिनिटिव के रूप
- to be + Adj/Noun वर्तमान स्थिति/पहचान
- to be + -ing वर्तमान/जारी क्रिया
- to have + PP भूतकाल की पूरी हुई क्रिया
- to have been + -ing भूतकाल की जारी क्रिया
इसका उपयोग क्यों करें?
- Objectivity तटस्थ, तथ्यात्मक लगता है
- Conciseness 'It is said that' से छोटा
- Formality भाषा को उन्नत करता है
- Distance सीधे स्रोत से बचाता है
अपने इन्फिनिटिव का चुनाव: To Be बनाम To Have
'He is said to be...' बनाने का फ्लोचार्ट
किसके बारे में रिपोर्ट किया जा रहा है?
रिपोर्टिंग क्रिया क्या है (say, believe, know)?
क्या रिपोर्ट की गई क्रिया/स्थिति अभी हो रही है?
क्या रिपोर्ट की गई क्रिया भूतकाल में हुई थी?
क्या रिपोर्ट की गई क्रिया भूतकाल में जारी थी?
एडवांस्ड पैसिव रिपोर्टिंग के संदर्भ
औपचारिक समाचार
- • पत्रकारिता
- • आधिकारिक बयान
- • रिपोर्ट
अकादमिक लेखन
- • शोध पत्र
- • निबंध
- • प्रस्तुतियाँ
पेशेवर सेटिंग्स
- • व्यावसायिक रिपोर्ट
- • ईमेल
- • साक्षात्कार
सामाजिक और गपशप
- • अफवाहें (अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से)
- • सामान्य राय
- • ट्रेंडिंग विषय
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
People say he is a good doctor.
People say he is a good doctor.
They say the food is great here.
They say the food is great here.
My friends say she is very smart.
My friends say she is very smart.
Everyone says the movie is boring.
Everyone says the movie is boring.
I heard that he is very rich.
I heard that he is very rich.
It is said that the park is beautiful.
It is said that the park is beautiful.
People believe that he is the best.
People believe that he is the best.
They think that the test was easy.
They think that the test was easy.
It is believed that the climate is changing.
It is believed that the climate is changing.
It is thought that the company will close.
It is thought that the company will close.
It is reported that many people were injured.
It is reported that many people were injured.
It is known that exercise is good for you.
It is known that exercise is good for you.
He is said to be the richest man in town.
He is said to be the richest man in town.
The painting is thought to be a fake.
The painting is thought to be a fake.
They are believed to have left the country.
They are believed to have left the country.
The bridge is expected to be finished soon.
The bridge is expected to be finished soon.
The suspect is alleged to have been planning the heist for months.
The suspect is alleged to have been planning the heist for months.
The manuscript is reputed to have been written by Shakespeare himself.
The manuscript is reputed to have been written by Shakespeare himself.
The economy is projected to grow by 3% this year.
The economy is projected to grow by 3% this year.
The artifacts are understood to date back to the Bronze Age.
The artifacts are understood to date back to the Bronze Age.
The diplomat is rumored to have been acting as a double agent during the negotiations.
The diplomat is rumored to have been acting as a double agent during the negotiations.
The species was long presumed to have been extinct until its recent rediscovery.
The species was long presumed to have been extinct until its recent rediscovery.
The CEO is widely considered to have single-handedly saved the firm from bankruptcy.
The CEO is widely considered to have single-handedly saved the firm from bankruptcy.
The Prime Minister is reported to be considering an early election.
The Prime Minister is reported to be considering an early election.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use 'supposed to' for rumors, but it often implies an obligation.
Mixing the two structures into one.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
He is said that he is rich.
People say he is rich.
He said to be rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is said him to be rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He is said to win the race yesterday.
He is said to have won the race yesterday.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
[Person] is said to be ___.
[Object] is thought to have been ___.
Real World Usage
Local Man Reported to Have Won $100M Lottery.
The boss is said to be furious about the sales figures.
The ruins are thought to date back to the 4th century.
The suspect is alleged to have used a stolen vehicle.
This restaurant is reputed to serve the best pasta in Rome.
The movie is rumored to be 4 hours long! #filmnews
अपनी क्रियाओं में विविधता लाओ
The suspect is alleged to have been tampering with the evidence.
समय का ध्यान रखो
He is said to be rich.लेकिन अगर वह पहले अमीर था:
He is said to have been rich.
न्यूज़ हेडलाइन का साथी
Suspect believed to be hiding in the mountains.
सूक्ष्म दूरी बनाए रखना
She is believed to be one of the top researchers in her field.
पहले सरल करो, फिर एडवांस्ड बनाओ
Smart Tips
Swap 'People say' for 'It is reported that' or '[Subject] is reported to'.
Always check if you need 'to have'. If the action is finished, use 'to have + V3'.
Try to transform it into 'He is said to...' to practice your flexibility.
Use 'allegedly' or 'is alleged to' to avoid sounding like you are lying.
उच्चारण
Reduction of 'to'
In the phrase 'is said to be', the 'to' is often reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Stress on the reporting verb
He is THOUGHT to be... (but we aren't sure)
Emphasizing the uncertainty of the rumor.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Remember 'S.T.A.R.': Said, Thought, Alleged, Reported. These are the stars of the reported passive!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a news anchor pointing at a person on a screen. The anchor doesn't say 'I think...', they say 'The man is reported to be...'. The focus is entirely on the person on the screen.
Rhyme
When rumors fly and sources hide, put the subject on the outside; 'He is said to' is the way, to tell the world what people say.
Story
A detective is investigating a mysterious man. Instead of saying 'I heard he is a thief,' the detective writes in his notebook: 'The suspect is alleged to have stolen the diamond.' This keeps the detective safe from making false accusations.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write three sentences about a famous person using 'is said to be', 'is thought to have', and 'is rumored to be doing'.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
The BBC and broadsheet newspapers use this constantly to maintain a 'neutral' stance and avoid being sued for libel.
Used to discuss theories without attributing them to a single person, making the claim sound like a general scientific consensus.
Police and news outlets use 'alleged' to protect the 'innocent until proven guilty' principle.
This construction mirrors the Latin 'dicitur' (it is said) which could take a nominative and infinitive structure.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
What is your city said to be famous for?
Which celebrity is rumored to be the most difficult to work with?
In your country, what are students expected to do after they graduate?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
The athlete ___ to have trained intensely for months before the competition.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is believed earning a significant salary.
Translate into English: 'Se sabe que el edificio fue construido hace cien años.'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /3
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesPeople say that he is a genius.
The thief is believed ___ the country last night.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is thought that she is living in London.
The defendant is ___ to have stolen the documents.
expected / the / is / to / arrive / train / soon
It is said to be raining.
1. People say he is rich. 2. They believe she left.
Is the new CEO good? Well, he ___ very strict.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesसही वाक्य चुनें:
The ancient city ___ to have been founded by a legendary king.
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करें:
Many local residents were understood have supported the initiative.
रिपोर्टिंग क्रिया रूपों को उस इन्फिनिटिव से मिलाएं जो रिपोर्ट किए गए समय को सबसे अच्छी तरह व्यक्त करता है:
Translate into English: 'Se cree que los documentos fueron filtrados por un ex empleado.'
The new CEO ___ to be implementing radical changes to the company structure.
कौन सा वाक्य सही है?
The software is understand to be very user-friendly.
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करें:
एक्टिव टुकड़ों को उनके पैसिव समकक्षों से मिलाएं:
Score: /11
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
The passive version is more formal and objective. It focuses on the person being discussed rather than the people talking, which is preferred in news and academic writing.
No, it only works with 'reporting verbs' like `say, think, believe, know, report, allege, expect, consider, understand, rumor`.
Use `to be` for present rumors ('He is said to be rich now'). Use `to have been` for past rumors ('He is said to have been rich in the 90s').
Sometimes, but `supposed to` often implies an obligation or a failed expectation (e.g., 'It was supposed to rain, but it didn't'). `Said to` is purely about reputation.
Yes. 'He is said *not* to be very friendly.' Note that 'not' comes before 'to'.
Yes, but usually in more formal or serious conversations, like discussing news, business, or someone's reputation. In casual chat, we usually say 'I heard that...'.
It's the version starting with 'It', like `It is said that he is rich`. It's even more formal than the personal passive.
Yes, usually with verbs like 'expect' or 'project'. 'The price is expected to rise next year.'
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In Other Languages
Se dice que / Se cree que
Spanish prefers 'It is said that' over 'He is said to'.
soll ... sein
German uses a modal verb instead of a passive construction.
On dit que / est censé
French 'censé' is closer to 'supposed to' than 'said to'.
〜と言われている (to iwarete iru)
The structure is very similar to the English 'is said to'.
يُقال أن (Yuqal 'anna)
Arabic almost always uses the impersonal 'It is said that' form.
据说 (Jùshuō)
Chinese does not use verb conjugation or a passive voice marker for this.
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