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B1 noun 11 Min. Lesezeit

복제

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At the A1 level, '복제' (bok-je) is a bit advanced, but you can think of it as a special kind of 'copying'. Imagine you have a magic machine that makes an exact twin of your favorite toy. That is '복제'. While you usually use '복사' (bok-sa) for copying paper at school, '복제' is for bigger things like animals or movies. You might see this word in simple stories about robots or science. For now, just remember that '복제' means making a perfect twin of something. It is like having two of the exact same thing, even the parts you can't see! You won't use it every day, but it's a cool word to know when you talk about science or movies.

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At the A2 level, you can start to distinguish '복제' from the more common '복사'. You will see '복제' in news titles or on the back of your favorite K-pop albums. It often appears in the phrase '무단 복제 금지' which means 'No illegal copying'. This is a very important rule in Korea! You can also use it when talking about science in a simple way, like '복제 양 돌리' (Dolly the cloned sheep). Think of '복제' as 'technical copying'. If you use a computer to copy a whole hard drive or a movie, that is '복제'. If you use a machine to copy one page of homework, that is '복사'. Knowing this difference helps you sound more natural when talking about technology.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '복제' in sentences about science, technology, and law. You will understand that '복제하다' means 'to clone' or 'to replicate'. This is the level where you discuss social issues, and '인간 복제' (human cloning) is a common topic for debate. You should also recognize the word in the context of '불법 복제' (illegal piracy), which is often discussed in the news regarding webtoons or movies. You can now use the passive form '복제되다' to describe scientific processes, like how DNA is copied in the body. You are moving beyond simple 'copying' and into the world of 'replication' and 'cloning', which are key concepts for intermediate Korean learners.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the ethical and legal nuances of '복제'. You can discuss the '복제 기술' (cloning technology) and its impact on society. You should be comfortable using the word in academic contexts, such as describing '유전자 복제' (gene replication) in detail. You also understand that '복제' can refer to the high-quality reproduction of cultural heritage (복제본). At this level, you can compare '복제' with similar words like '모방' (imitation) or '위조' (forgery) and explain why '복제' is the correct choice in a scientific or digital context. You can participate in complex discussions about the rights of cloned beings in science fiction or the economic impact of illegal digital replication.

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At the C1 level, '복제' becomes a tool for precise expression in professional and academic fields. You understand its roots (複製) and how it differs from '모사' (artistic reproduction) or '재현' (reenactment/reproduction of results). You can write essays on the '윤리적 가이드라인' (ethical guidelines) for '배아 복제' (embryo cloning) or analyze the legal precedents of '저작권법' (copyright law) regarding digital '복제'. You are aware of the subtle connotations the word carries in different registers—how it sounds cold and clinical in a lab, but protective in a legal warning. You can use the word metaphorically or in complex compound structures to describe the replication of social systems or cultural phenomena.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '복제' and all its technical applications. You can navigate highly specialized texts in molecular biology, intellectual property law, and digital forensics where '복제' is a core term. You understand the philosophical implications of '복제' in postmodern theory—the idea of a copy without an original (simulacra). You can lead high-level debates on the future of '인공지능을 통한 의식 복제' (replicating consciousness through AI). Your usage is flawless, capturing the exact degree of technicality required for the audience. You can distinguish between the '복제' of a physical artifact and the '복제' of a digital identity with perfect linguistic precision.

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복제 in 30 Sekunden

복제 refers to creating an identical copy, primarily used in cloning (biology), digital piracy (technology), and high-quality physical replicas (art).
It is more technical and formal than '복사' (photocopying) and often implies a perfect or scientific duplication process.
Commonly paired with '기술' (technology) for '복제 기술' (cloning technology) or '무단' (unauthorized) for '무단 복제' (piracy).
Essential for intermediate learners to discuss science, law, ethics, and high-tech digital environments in Korean.

The Korean noun 복제 (bok-je) is a multifaceted term that translates most directly to 'cloning,' 'replication,' or 'duplication' in English. While it shares some semantic space with the common word for photocopying (복사), 복제 carries a much heavier scientific, legal, and technical weight. It is the primary word used when discussing the biological replication of organisms, the unauthorized copying of digital media, and the high-fidelity reproduction of historical artifacts. Understanding 복제 is essential for anyone looking to navigate Korean media, science reporting, or legal discussions regarding intellectual property.

Scientific Context: In biology, this refers to cloning. Whether it is '생물 복제' (organism cloning) or 'DNA 복제' (DNA replication), the term implies a perfect genetic match. This is the word used in headlines about the world's first cloned dog, Snuppy, created in South Korea.

과학자들은 멸종 위기 동물의 복제에 성공했습니다. (Scientists succeeded in the cloning of endangered animals.)

Beyond the laboratory, 복제 is a critical term in the digital age. It refers to the creation of identical copies of software, music, or films. When these copies are made without permission, it is called '불법 복제' (illegal duplication or piracy). This context is frequently encountered in warnings on DVDs, websites, and in news reports about copyright infringement. The nuance here is that 복제 implies an exact bit-for-bit copy, rather than a mere imitation.

Legal and Ethical Nuance: When used in legal documents, it refers to the act of reproducing copyrighted material. In ethical debates, it often centers on '인간 복제' (human cloning), a topic of significant controversy in Korean society following past scientific scandals.

저작권자의 허락 없는 무단 복제는 법으로 금지되어 있습니다. (Unauthorized duplication without the copyright holder's permission is prohibited by law.)

In the realm of art and history, 복제 is used when creating high-quality replicas of national treasures or museum pieces. For example, if a 1,000-year-old crown is too fragile to be displayed, a '복제본' (replicated version) might be put on display instead. This usage emphasizes the precision and intent to mirror the original as closely as possible, often using the same materials and techniques.

Artistic Replication: The term '복제품' (replicated product) is often used for high-quality museum replicas, distinguishing them from cheap '가짜' (fakes) or '모조품' (imitations).

박물관에는 정교하게 만들어진 유물 복제본이 전시되어 있다. (The museum has elaborately made replicas of artifacts on display.)

Lastly, in science fiction (SF), 복제 인간 (clone humans) is a staple trope. Movies like 'Seobok' or 'The Island' deal with the existential crises of beings created through 복제. In these stories, the word often carries a cold, industrial tone, suggesting that the clone is a product rather than a person. This cultural association makes the word sound more technical and perhaps slightly ominous compared to more everyday words for 'copying.'

그 영화는 복제 인간의 권리에 대해 질문을 던진다. (That movie raises questions about the rights of cloned humans.)

디지털 기술의 발달로 정보의 복제가 매우 쉬워졌다. (With the development of digital technology, the replication of information has become very easy.)

Using 복제 (bok-je) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. As a noun, it often functions as the object of a sentence, but it is most frequently encountered in its verbal form, 복제하다 (to clone/replicate) or its passive form, 복제되다 (to be cloned/replicated). Because it is a technical term, it usually appears in formal or neutral contexts rather than casual street slang.

The Verb Form: 복제하다: This is an active verb used when an agent (a scientist, a pirate, a machine) creates a copy. It takes an object marked by ~을/를.

범인들은 신용카드를 무단으로 복제하다가 경찰에 잡혔다. (The criminals were caught by the police while illegally cloning credit cards.)

In scientific writing, the passive 복제되다 is extremely common. It focuses on the subject that is being copied. For instance, in molecular biology, you might say that a DNA strand 'is replicated.' This highlights the process rather than the person performing it. This passive construction is essential for academic proficiency in Korean.

The Passive Form: 복제되다: Used when the focus is on the thing being copied. It is common in scientific descriptions or when discussing the results of piracy.

세포가 분열할 때 유전 정보가 복제된다. (Genetic information is replicated when cells divide.)

Another important usage is in the context of 'unauthorized duplication.' The phrase 무단 복제 (unauthorized replication) is a set expression you will see on almost every digital product in Korea. It is often followed by the verb '금지' (prohibition). Learning this as a chunk will help you recognize legal warnings instantly.

Compound Nouns: 복제 (Replication) + 본 (Version/Copy) = 복제본 (A replica).
복제 (Replication) + 기술 (Technology) = 복제 기술 (Cloning technology).

이 소프트웨어의 무단 복제를 금합니다. (Unauthorized duplication of this software is prohibited.)

When discussing ethics, you will often use the word with ~에 대한 (about/regarding) or ~의 (of). For example, '인간 복제에 대한 논란' (controversy regarding human cloning). This allows you to build complex sentences about societal issues, which is a key skill for B1 and B2 level learners.

동물 복제 기술의 발전은 많은 윤리적 문제를 야기했다. (The development of animal cloning technology has caused many ethical problems.)

원본과 똑같은 복제본을 만드는 것은 매우 어려운 작업이다. (Creating a replica that is identical to the original is a very difficult task.)

In everyday life in Korea, you might not hear 복제 (bok-je) while ordering coffee, but you will encounter it frequently in specific environments. One of the most common places is in the news. Korea has a significant history with biotechnology, and any breakthrough in genetic engineering will feature this word prominently. News anchors will speak about '배아 복제' (embryo cloning) or '세포 복제' (cell cloning) with a serious, professional tone.

The Evening News: Used in reports about scientific advancements, ethical debates, or legal crackdowns on counterfeit goods and pirated software.

오늘 뉴스에서 인간 복제의 위험성에 대한 토론이 있었다. (There was a debate on the dangers of human cloning on the news today.)

Another place you will 'see' this word is on the back of books, inside CD covers, or at the beginning of movies. The phrase '무단 복제 금지' (Unauthorized duplication prohibited) is ubiquitous. It functions as a legal shield for creators. If you are a student or a professional in Korea, you will see this warning on textbooks and software licenses constantly, reminding you of the legal consequences of '불법 복제' (illegal copying).

Legal Warnings: Found on media products, software, and copyrighted documents to prevent piracy. It is often paired with '배포' (distribution).

이 영상의 무단 복제 및 배포를 금합니다. (Unauthorized duplication and distribution of this video is prohibited.)

In the Korean education system, especially in high school biology classes, 복제 is a key vocabulary word. Students learn about 'DNA 복제' as a fundamental process of life. Therefore, if you are talking to a Korean student about their studies, or if you are reading a Korean science textbook, this word will appear repeatedly. It is part of the 'academic vocabulary' that distinguishes a basic speaker from an intermediate one.

Educational Settings: Used in biology, computer science, and law classes. It is a 'must-know' word for the CSAT (Suneung) exam in the science section.

시험 문제에 DNA 복제 과정에 대한 내용이 나왔다. (A question about the DNA replication process appeared on the exam.)

Finally, Korean cinema and TV dramas (K-Dramas) often use 복제 in the sci-fi or thriller genres. Plotlines involving clones or 'doppelgängers' created through scientific means will use this word to explain the backstory. If a character discovers they are a clone, they might cry out, "내가 복제 인간이라고?" (You're saying I'm a cloned human?). This dramatic usage helps cement the word in the minds of viewers as something high-tech and life-altering.

그 드라마는 복제 기술로 죽은 아들을 되살리려는 아버지의 이야기다. (That drama is a story about a father trying to bring his dead son back to life using cloning technology.)

게임 서버에서 아이템 복제 버그가 발견되어 점검 중입니다. (An item duplication bug was found on the game server, so it is under maintenance.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 복제 (bok-je) is confusing it with its close relative, 복사 (bok-sa). While both mean 'copy,' their usage is strictly divided by context. 복사 is for everyday office tasks—photocopying a page, copying a file on your desktop (Ctrl+C), or duplicating a key. 복제 is for cloning a living thing, replicating a complex system, or illegal piracy. If you tell a coworker you are going to '복제' a report, they might look at you like you're a mad scientist trying to genetically engineer the paper.

복사 vs. 복제: 복사 (Bok-sa): Photocopying, digital 'copy-paste', simple duplication. Common and casual.
복제 (Bok-je): Cloning, high-tech replication, illegal piracy, museum replicas. Technical and serious.

Wrong: 이 문서를 복제해 주세요. (Please clone this document.)
Right: 이 문서를 복사해 주세요. (Please photocopy this document.)

Another error involves using 복제 when you actually mean 'imitation' or 'mimicry.' For these, Korean uses 모방 (mo-bang) or 흉내 (hyung-nae). 복제 implies an identical, often physical or digital, reproduction. 모방 is about following a style or behavior. If a student copies a famous painter's style, that is '모방,' but if they use a high-tech scanner to print an identical canvas, that is '복제.'

복제 vs. 모방: 복제: Identical reproduction (DNA, files, physical replicas).
모방: Imitation of style, behavior, or ideas. Learning by following an example.

예술가는 대가의 화풍을 모방하며 실력을 키웠다. (The artist improved their skills by imitating the master's painting style.)

Learners also sometimes confuse 복제 with 번식 (beon-sik), which means 'reproduction' in a biological sense (having babies). While cloning is a form of reproduction, 번식 is the general term for a species multiplying naturally. If you say a dog '복제'd, it sounds like it was done in a lab. If you say it '번식'd, it sounds like nature took its course.

복제 vs. 번식: 복제: Cloning (artificial, identical).
번식: Breeding/Reproduction (natural, biological increase in population).

토끼는 번식력이 매우 강한 동물이다. (Rabbits are animals with very strong reproductive power.)

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation. The 'ㅈ' in '제' is a plain sound, not aspirated. If you pronounce it too harshly, it might sound like another word. Keep the '복' short and the '제' clear. Practicing the transition between the 'k' sound in '복' and the 'j' sound in '제' is key to sounding natural.

그는 자신의 목소리를 복제하는 AI 기술을 개발했다. (He developed AI technology that replicates his own voice.)

To truly master 복제 (복제), you must understand the spectrum of 'copying' words in Korean. Depending on whether you are copying a file, a person's behavior, a piece of art, or a legal document, the word you choose will change. This nuance is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 speaker.

복사 (Bok-sa) - The Standard Copy: The most common word for copying. Used for photocopiers (복사기) and the 'copy' function in computer software. It is neutral and everyday.
모방 (Mo-bang) - Creative Imitation: Often used in the phrase '모방은 창조의 어머니' (Imitation is the mother of creation). It refers to following a model or style to learn or create something new.
모사 (Mo-sa) - Precise Reproduction of Art: Specifically used for copying paintings or calligraphy. It implies a high level of skill to make a copy that looks exactly like the original painting.

그는 유명한 화가의 그림을 똑같이 모사하는 데 천재적이다. (He is a genius at precisely reproducing the paintings of famous artists.)

When the intent is negative or illegal, the vocabulary shifts again. 위조 (wi-jo) refers to forgery, such as '위조 지폐' (counterfeit money) or '위조 여권' (fake passport). While 복제 can be illegal (piracy), 위조 specifically implies the intent to deceive someone into thinking the fake is the original.

위조 (Wi-jo) - Forgery/Counterfeiting: Used for documents, money, and signatures. It carries a strong criminal connotation.
모조 (Mo-jo) - Imitation/Fake: Often used for goods. '모조품' (imitation item) is a common way to describe fake designer bags or imitation jewelry.

이 가방은 진품이 아니라 정교하게 만들어진 모조품입니다. (This bag is not an original, but a sophisticatedly made imitation.)

In a technical or scientific context, you might also hear 재현 (jae-hyeon), which means 'reproduction' or 'reenactment.' This is used when you recreate an experiment's results or a historical event. While 복제 creates an identical object, 재현 recreates an experience or a state. For example, '실험 결과 재현' (reproduction of experimental results).

과학자들은 그 실험 결과를 재현하기 위해 노력하고 있다. (Scientists are working to reproduce the results of that experiment.)

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the most precise word for your situation. In Korean culture, precision in vocabulary is often seen as a sign of education and respect for the subject matter. By choosing 복제 over 복사 in a scientific discussion, you signal that you understand the complexity of the topic.

현대 기술은 인간의 뇌를 복제하는 수준까지 도달하지 못했다. (Modern technology has not reached the level of replicating the human brain.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

While the characters imply 'manufacturing a double,' in modern usage, it has evolved from 19th-century printing terms to 21st-century genetic engineering terms.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /puk.tse/

US /puk.tse/

Equal stress on both syllables, as is standard in Korean.

Reimt sich auf

숙제 (homework) 축제 (festival) 국제 (international) 경제 (economy) 결제 (payment) 형제 (brothers) 억제 (restraint) 삭제 (deletion)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '복' as 'bo-keu' (adding an extra vowel).
Aspirating the 'j' in 'je' so it sounds like 'che'.
Confusing the vowel 'e' in 'je' with 'ae'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Requires understanding of technical or legal contexts.

Schreiben 5/5

Differentiating from '복사' and using correct particles is tricky.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but usage is situational.

Hören 4/5

Often heard in news or scientific documentaries.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

복사 (copy) 똑같다 (to be the same) 만들다 (to make) 과학 (science) 기술 (technology)

Als Nächstes lernen

저작권 (copyright) 윤리 (ethics) 유전자 (gene) 이식 (transplant) 창조 (creation)

Fortgeschritten

배아 (embryo) 게놈 (genome) 시뮬라크르 (simulacrum) 무결성 (integrity) 전사 (transcription)

Wichtige Grammatik

Passive with -되다

복제하다 (active) -> 복제되다 (passive). '데이터가 복제되었다.'

Noun compounding

복제 + 기술 = 복제 기술 (cloning technology). No particle needed.

~에 대한 (Regarding)

인간 복제에 대한 논의 (Discussion regarding human cloning).

~을/를 통한 (Through)

복제 기술을 통한 멸종 위기종 보호 (Protecting endangered species through cloning technology).

~적 (Suffix for 'pertaining to')

복제는 윤리적(ethical) 문제를 일으킨다.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

이 인형은 복제예요.

This doll is a replica.

Simple noun + '예요' (to be) structure.

강아지를 복제하고 싶어요.

I want to clone my dog.

Verb '복제하다' + '~고 싶어요' (want to).

복제 로봇이 있어요.

There is a cloned robot.

Noun '복제' used as a modifier for '로봇'.

이것은 진짜가 아니고 복제예요.

This is not the real thing; it's a replica.

Contrast between '진짜' (real) and '복제' (replica).

똑같은 것을 복제해요.

I clone the same thing.

Present tense of '복제하다'.

복제는 신기해요.

Cloning is amazing.

Noun '복제' as the subject.

우리는 복제 인간을 봤어요.

We saw a cloned human.

Past tense '봤어요' (saw).

복제하지 마세요.

Please do not clone/copy.

'~지 마세요' (please do not).

You must not copy movie files without permission.

'~면 안 돼요' (must not).

이 책에는 복제 금지 표시가 있어요.

This book has a 'no copying' mark.

Noun phrase '복제 금지' (copying prohibited).

과학자들이 양을 복제했어요.

Scientists cloned a sheep.

Subject '과학자들이' + Object '양을' + Verb '복제했어요'.

복제 기술이 정말 빨라요.

Cloning technology is really fast.

Noun '복제 기술' (cloning technology).

이것은 박물관에 있는 복제본이에요.

This is a replica in the museum.

Noun '복제본' (replica copy).

컴퓨터로 데이터를 복제하고 있어요.

I am replicating data with a computer.

Present progressive '~고 있어요'.

불법 복제는 나쁜 일이에요.

Illegal duplication is a bad thing.

'불법 복제' (illegal duplication).

그는 자기 자신을 복제했어요.

He cloned himself.

Reflexive '자기 자신' (himself).

DNA 복제는 생명 유지에 필수적입니다.

DNA replication is essential for sustaining life.

Formal ending '~습니다'.

인간 복제에 대한 윤리적 논란이 많습니다.

There are many ethical controversies regarding human cloning.

'~에 대한' (regarding).

소프트웨어를 무단으로 복제하는 행위는 처벌받을 수 있습니다.

The act of unauthorized software duplication can be punished.

'~ㄹ 수 있습니다' (can be).

이 유물은 너무 귀해서 복제본을 전시합니다.

This artifact is so precious that a replica is on display.

'~어서/아서' (because/so).

세포가 분열할 때 유전자가 복제됩니다.

Genes are replicated when cells divide.

Passive verb '복제되다'.

불법 복제물을 판매하는 사이트가 폐쇄되었습니다.

A site selling illegal pirated goods has been closed.

Passive past '폐쇄되었습니다'.

복제 인간이 사회에 미칠 영향은 무엇일까요?

What kind of impact would cloned humans have on society?

Future attributive '~ㄹ' + '영향' (impact).

그 영화는 복제 기술의 어두운 면을 보여줍니다.

That movie shows the dark side of cloning technology.

'어두운 면' (dark side).

생명 공학의 발달로 동물을 복제하는 것이 가능해졌습니다.

With the development of biotechnology, it has become possible to clone animals.

'~게 되다' (to become/come to be).

'~고 있다' (progressive/state).

멸종 위기종을 복제하여 개체 수를 늘리려는 시도가 있습니다.

There are attempts to increase the population of endangered species by cloning them.

'~으려다' (intending to).

디지털 시대에는 정보의 무한 복제가 가능합니다.

In the digital age, infinite replication of information is possible.

'무한 복제' (infinite replication).

그 회사는 타사의 기술을 복제했다는 의혹을 받고 있습니다.

The company is under suspicion of having replicated another company's technology.

'~었다는 의혹' (suspicion that...).

복제된 장기를 환자에게 이식하는 연구가 진행 중입니다.

Research on transplanting cloned organs into patients is underway.

Attributive '복제된' (cloned).

예술 작품의 복제와 원본의 가치에 대해 토론해 봅시다.

Let's discuss the replication of artworks and the value of the original.

'~에 대해' (about).

신용카드 복제 범죄가 지능화되고 있어 주의가 필요합니다.

Credit card cloning crimes are becoming more sophisticated, so caution is needed.

'지능화되다' (to become sophisticated).

체세포 복제 기술은 재생 의학 분야에서 획기적인 전기를 마련했습니다.

Somatic cell cloning technology has provided a groundbreaking turning point in the field of regenerative medicine.

Advanced vocabulary '획기적인 전기' (groundbreaking turning point).

문화재 복제는 원형 보존과 대중적 전시라는 두 마리 토끼를 잡는 전략입니다.

Cultural heritage replication is a strategy to kill two birds with one stone: preserving the original and public exhibition.

Idiom '두 마리 토끼를 잡다' (catch two rabbits/kill two birds with one stone).

인간의 자아마저 복제될 수 있는 미래에 인간다움이란 무엇인가?

In a future where even the human self can be replicated, what is 'human-ness'?

Rhetorical question structure.

Unauthorized duplication of content discourages creators and disrupts market order.

Advanced verbs '꺾다' (break/discourage) and '교란하다' (disrupt).

유전자 복제 과정에서 발생하는 돌연변이는 진화의 한 요인이 되기도 합니다.

Mutations that occur during the gene replication process also become a factor in evolution.

'~기도 하다' (also/sometimes does).

그 영화는 복제 인간의 실존적 고뇌를 심도 있게 다루고 있습니다.

The movie deals deeply with the existential anguish of a cloned human.

'심도 있게 다루다' (to deal with in depth).

디지털 워터마크 기술은 불법 복제를 방지하는 중요한 수단입니다.

Digital watermarking technology is an important means of preventing illegal duplication.

Noun + '방지' (prevention).

복제 기술의 상업적 이용에 대한 엄격한 규제가 필요하다는 목소리가 높습니다.

There are growing calls for strict regulations on the commercial use of cloning technology.

'~다는 목소리가 높다' (voices are high that.../growing calls).

장 보드리야르는 현대 사회를 원본 없는 복제, 즉 시뮬라크르의 세계로 규정했다.

Jean Baudrillard defined modern society as a world of replication without an original, that is, a world of simulacra.

Highly academic '규정하다' (define/prescribe).

생명 윤리법은 인간 개체 복제를 목적으로 하는 배아의 생성을 엄격히 금하고 있다.

The Bioethics Act strictly prohibits the creation of embryos for the purpose of cloning human individuals.

Legal terminology '엄격히 금하다' (strictly prohibit).

데이터 복제 기술의 무결성은 클라우드 컴퓨팅 시스템의 신뢰도를 결정짓는 핵심 요소이다.

The integrity of data replication technology is a key factor that determines the reliability of cloud computing systems.

'결정짓는 핵심 요소' (key factor that determines).

포스트모더니즘 예술은 복제 가능성을 통해 예술의 아우라와 유일성에 의문을 제기한다.

Postmodern art questions the aura and uniqueness of art through its reproducibility.

'의문을 제기하다' (to raise a question).

복제된 신경망 모델을 통해 인간의 뇌 기능을 시뮬레이션하려는 시도가 이어지고 있다.

Attempts to simulate human brain functions through replicated neural network models are continuing.

'시도가 이어지고 있다' (attempts are continuing).

지식 재산권의 국제적 보호를 위해 복제 방지 협약의 이행이 필수적이다.

The implementation of anti-duplication conventions is essential for the international protection of intellectual property rights.

Formal noun-heavy structure.

기술적 복제 시대의 예술 작품은 대중에게 더 가까이 다가갔으나 본연의 신비로움은 희석되었다.

Artworks in the age of technical reproduction have come closer to the public, but their inherent mystery has been diluted.

Contrastive '~으나' (but).

인간의 기억을 디지털로 복제하여 영생을 누리려는 트랜스휴머니즘적 발상은 논란의 여지가 많다.

The transhumanist idea of attaining eternal life by digitally replicating human memories is highly controversial.

'논란의 여지가 많다' (there is much room for controversy).

Synonyme

모사 복사 재현 복사본

Gegenteile

창조 창작

Häufige Kollokationen

불법 복제

인간 복제

DNA 복제

복제 기술

복제 인간

복제 성공

카드 복제

데이터 복제

유물 복제

Häufige Phrasen

— Unauthorized duplication and distribution prohibited. Standard legal warning.

복제 방지 기술

— Anti-copying/DRM technology. Used to prevent piracy.

최신 게임에는 강력한 복제 방지 기술이 적용되었다.

복제 양 돌리

— Dolly the cloned sheep. The most famous example of biological cloning.

복제 양 돌리는 과학 역사에 큰 획을 그었다.

복제품 주의

— Beware of replicas/counterfeits. Used in shopping contexts.

온라인 쇼핑 시 저렴한 복제품을 주의해야 한다.

세포 복제

— Cell cloning. A basic biological process.

세포 복제 연구가 질병 치료에 도움을 줄 것이다.

복제본을 만들다

— To create a replica or a copy.

중요한 파일은 항상 복제본을 만들어 두어야 한다.

불법 복제 근절

— Eradication of illegal piracy.

정부는 불법 복제 근절 캠페인을 벌이고 있다.

정밀 복제

— Precision replication. Used for high-quality copies.

이 시계는 정밀 복제된 제품입니다.

복제 가능성

— Reproducibility or the possibility of being cloned.

이 실험은 복제 가능성이 낮아서 비판을 받았다.

복제 전문가

— A cloning expert or a specialist in making replicas.

그는 세계적인 유물 복제 전문가이다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

복제 vs 복사

Photocopying paper or copy-pasting digital files. '복제' is for cloning or high-level replication.

복제 vs 번식

Biological reproduction (natural). '복제' is artificial or technical.

복제 vs 모방

Imitation of style or behavior. '복제' is making an identical physical/digital copy.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"붕어빵이다"

— To be exactly alike (like a fish-shaped bun from the same mold). While not using the word '복제', this is the idiomatic way to say two things look like clones.

아빠와 아들이 정말 붕어빵이네요.

Informal

"판에 박은 듯하다"

— To be like something pressed from a mold; identical and unoriginal.

그의 행동은 판에 박은 듯 항상 똑같다.

Neutral

"빼다 박다"

— To look exactly like someone (usually a parent).

너는 엄마를 아주 빼다 박았구나.

Informal

"똑같이 베끼다"

— To copy something exactly (often implying cheating or lack of effort).

친구의 숙제를 똑같이 베끼면 안 된다.

Informal

"그대로 옮겨 놓다"

— To replicate something exactly in a different place (like a scene).

이 카페는 파리의 거리를 그대로 옮겨 놓은 것 같다.

Neutral

"한 배에서 나온 것 같다"

— To look like they came from the same womb (very similar).

두 사람은 형제처럼 한 배에서 나온 것 같다.

Informal

"거울을 보는 것 같다"

— It's like looking in a mirror (when seeing someone identical).

너를 보면 꼭 거울을 보는 것 같아.

Informal

"쌍둥이 같다"

— To be like twins.

우리는 옷을 똑같이 입어서 쌍둥이 같다.

Informal

"틀에 찍어내다"

— To mass-produce something identical (often used negatively for education or art).

아이들을 틀에 찍어내듯 교육해서는 안 된다.

Neutral

"그 나물에 그 밥"

— The same old thing (implies a lack of variety or original change).

새로운 정책이라고 하지만 결국 그 나물에 그 밥이다.

Informal

Leicht verwechselbar

복제 vs 복사

Both mean 'copy' in English.

복사 is for office/home use (paper/files). 복제 is for science/law (clones/piracy).

숙제 복사해 줘 (Copy my homework) vs. 인간 복제 (Human cloning).

복제 vs 위조

Both involve making a non-original copy.

위조 implies intent to deceive (fake money/passport). 복제 is a technical term for the copy itself.

위조 지폐 (Counterfeit money) vs. 복제본 (A replica).

복제 vs 모사

Both mean reproducing an original.

모사 is specifically for art/painting/handwriting. 복제 is more general/technical.

그림 모사 (Painting reproduction) vs. DNA 복제 (DNA replication).

복제 vs 흉내

Both involve doing what another does.

흉내 is mimicking a sound or action. 복제 is making an identical object.

성대모사/흉내 (Voice mimicry) vs. 복제 인간 (Cloned human).

복제 vs 재현

Both involve bringing back an original state.

재현 is about events or results. 복제 is about the physical/genetic entity.

범행 재현 (Reenactment of crime) vs. 복제견 (Cloned dog).

Satzmuster

이것은 [Noun] 복제예요.

이것은 인형 복제예요.

[Noun]을/를 복제하지 마세요.

[Noun] 복제에 대한 [Noun]이/가 있다.

인간 복제에 대한 논란이 있다.

[Noun]의 발달로 [Noun] 복제가 가능해졌다.

과학의 발달로 동물 복제가 가능해졌다.

[Noun] 복제는 [Noun] 측면에서 [Adjective]하다.

문화재 복제는 교육적 측면에서 유익하다.

[Noun]은/는 [Noun] 없는 복제의 세계를 [Verb]했다.

그는 현대 사회를 원본 없는 복제의 세계로 정의했다.

Mixed

[Noun]이/가 복제되는 과정.

DNA가 복제되는 과정.

Mixed

Wortfamilie

Substantive

복제본 (replica/copy)

복제품 (replicated product)

복제자 (replicator/cloner)

복제물 (replicated material)

Verben

복제하다 (to replicate/clone)

복제되다 (to be replicated/cloned)

Adjektive

복제된 (replicated/cloned - participial adjective)

Verwandt

복사 (copy)

재현 (reproduction)

모방 (imitation)

유전 (heredity)

생명공학 (biotechnology)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in specialized news, legal warnings, and science fiction, but rare in casual daily conversation.

Häufige Fehler

Asking for '복제' at a copy shop. → Asking for '복사'.
'복제' is for cloning or piracy, not for making a 10-cent photocopy of your ID.
Using '복제' to mean 'imitating someone's voice'. → Using '성대모사' or '흉내'.
'복제' is for creating an identical entity, not for mimicking sounds.
Confusing '복제' with '번식'. → Using '번식' for natural animal breeding.
If a dog has puppies, it's '번식'. If a dog is created in a lab from a cell, it's '복제'.
Using '복제' for fake money. → Using '위조 지폐'.
'위조' specifically means forgery with intent to deceive, which is the standard term for fake currency.
Forgetting the particle in '복제를 하다'. → Using '복제하다' or '복제를 하다'.
While '복제하다' is a single verb, in formal contexts, the object particle '를' is often added for emphasis.

Tipps

Document Copying

Never use '복제' for copying documents at work. Use '복사' instead. '복제' sounds like you are performing a scientific experiment on the paper.

Science Terms

When reading about biology, '복제' almost always means 'cloning' or 'replication'. It's a key word for understanding Korean science news.

Piracy Awareness

The term '불법 복제' is very important in Korea's digital economy. Using it correctly shows you understand intellectual property issues.

Sci-Fi Content

Many Korean SF movies and dramas use '복제' as a central theme. Learning this word will help you enjoy genres like 'Seobok' or 'Circle'.

Passive Voice

In academic writing, '복제되다' is preferred over '복제하다' to maintain a neutral, objective tone.

Remembering Bok-je

Associate 'Bok' with 'Body' and 'Je' with 'Generation'. Generating a body = Cloning.

Clear Syllables

Ensure the 'k' in '복' is a clear stop. Don't let it slide into the next syllable.

Art vs Science

Use '모사' for artistic hand-copying and '복제' for technical/mechanical replication.

Formal Essays

When writing about ethics, pair '복제' with '윤리' (ethics) to form '복제 윤리' (cloning ethics).

Replica Goods

While '짝퉁' is slang, '복제품' is the polite way to refer to a replica or imitation product in a store.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Bok' (book) and 'Je' (jets). Imagine a scientist making a second, identical 'Bok' by flying it through two 'Je'ts that act like a 3D cloner.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a DNA strand being unzipped and a mirror image appearing next to it, or a 'C' with a circle around it (copyright) being shattered by a pirate.

Word Web

DNA Cloning Piracy Replica Software Ethics Biology Copyright

Herausforderung

Try to explain the difference between '복사' and '복제' to a friend in three sentences using only Korean.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Hanja (Sino-Korean characters) 複製.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 複 (bok) means 'double', 'multiple', or 'repeat'. 製 (je) means 'to make', 'to manufacture', or 'system'. Together, it means 'to make a double'.

Sino-Korean

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when using '복제' in scientific circles in Korea; due to past scandals, accuracy and ethics are highly emphasized.

English speakers often use 'cloning' for biology and 'piracy' or 'duplication' for media. Korean uses '복제' for both, which can be surprising.

Dolly the Sheep (복제 양 돌리) Snuppy the cloned dog (세계 최초의 복제 개 스너피) The movie 'Seobok' (서복) about a human clone.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Science Lab

세포를 복제하다
DNA 복제 과정
복제 실험
유전 정보 복제

Legal/Copyright

무단 복제 금지
저작권 침해
불법 복제물
법적 처벌

Museum/Art

정교한 복제본
유물 복제
모사 작업
전시용 복제품

IT/Computing

데이터 복제
하드 복제
시스템 복제
미러링 복제

Sci-Fi Movies

복제 인간
기억 복제
복제 기술의 저주
진짜와 복제

Gesprächseinstiege

"인간 복제에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about human cloning?)"

"영화 '서복' 같은 복제 인간 이야기를 좋아하세요? (Do you like stories about cloned humans like the movie 'Seobok'?)"

"불법 복제 문제를 해결하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요? (What should be done to solve the problem of illegal piracy?)"

"박물관에서 복제본을 전시하는 것에 대해 찬성하시나요? (Are you in favor of displaying replicas in museums?)"

"만약 당신을 복제할 수 있다면, 복제하시겠습니까? (If you could clone yourself, would you?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

내가 만약 복제 인간이라면 어떤 기분일지 써 보세요. (Write about how you would feel if you were a cloned human.)

복제 기술이 미래 사회를 어떻게 바꿀지 상상해 보세요. (Imagine how cloning technology will change future society.)

과학의 발전과 윤리적 책임 사이의 관계를 복제 기술을 예로 들어 설명해 보세요. (Explain the relationship between scientific advancement and ethical responsibility using cloning technology as an example.)

내가 복제하고 싶은 단 한 가지가 있다면 무엇인지와 그 이유를 써 보세요. (Write about the one thing you would want to clone and why.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, that would sound very unnatural. For a photocopy, always use '복사' (bok-sa). '복제' (bok-je) is reserved for cloning, high-fidelity replication, or piracy.

It means 'illegal duplication' or 'piracy'. It's the term used for illegal downloads of movies, music, or software.

Yes, '복제 인간' literally means 'cloned human'. While the loanword '클론' (keul-lon) is used, '복제 인간' is the standard Korean term.

You say 'DNA 복제' (DNA bok-je). It's a standard term in biology classes.

It means 'Unauthorized duplication prohibited'. You will see this on books, CDs, and at the start of videos.

Yes, but usually for high-quality replicas (복제본). For the act of painting a copy, '모사' is more common.

The verb form is '복제하다' (to replicate/clone) and the passive is '복제되다' (to be replicated/cloned).

It's common in news, science, and law, but you won't hear it much in daily casual conversation unless discussing those topics.

A '복제본' is a noun meaning 'a replica' or 'a cloned copy' of an original item.

The '복' (複) is different. In '복제', it means double. In '복습', it's '복' (復) meaning to return or repeat.

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