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Negating the 'To Be' (Değil)

Locative Case (-de/-da)

Dative Case (-e/-a)

Locative vs Dative usage

Plural Suffix (-lar/-ler)

Turkish plurals use `-lar` or `-ler` based on the last vowel, but disappear when numbers are present.

• • Use -lar for bold vowels (a, ı, o, u).
• • Use -ler for light vowels (e, i, ö, ü).

Accusative Case for Definite Objects (-i/-ı/-u/-ü)

The Accusative Case marks specific direct objects, acting as the Turkish equivalent of the definite article 'the'.

• • Use -ı, -i, -u, -ü to mean 'the' for specific obje...
• • Add buffer 'y' if the word ends in a vowel (e.g.,...

Ablative Case for Origin or Separation (-den/-dan)

Attach -den/-dan to nouns to show origin, separation, cause, or to create comparisons in Turkish.

• • The ablative case (-den/-dan) means 'from', 'out o...
• • Use -dan/-den for soft endings and -tan/-ten for h...

Possessive Suffix: 3rd Person Plural (-leri)

Attach -ları or -leri to a noun to show it belongs to a group of people ('them').

• • Shows ownership by 'them' (3rd person plural).
• • Uses suffixes -ları or -leri based on vowel harmon...