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B1 noun #1,500 am häufigsten 6 Min. Lesezeit

模型

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Erklärung 模型 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '模型' (móxíng) is introduced as a simple noun for physical toys or objects. Imagine a child playing with a small plastic car or a plane; that is a '模型'. Students at this level should focus on the basic structure: '这是[Object]模型'. For example, '这是飞机模型' (This is a plane model). The concept is concrete and easy to visualize. You might see this word in a toy store or a classroom when looking at a globe (地球仪, which is a type of model). The focus is on identifying the object rather than understanding its scientific or abstract implications. It is a 'thing' you can touch.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to see '模型' used in slightly more structured contexts, such as describing hobbies or school projects. You might talk about '制作模型' (making a model) as a pastime. At this stage, you should also be able to use basic measure words like '个' (gè). You might encounter the word in simple descriptions of buildings or cars. For instance, '我哥哥喜欢收集汽车模型' (My older brother likes to collect car models). The word starts to bridge the gap between a simple toy and a representation of a real-world object. You might also see it in very basic science contexts, like a 'DNA模型' in a simplified textbook.
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At the B1 level, the word '模型' expands into the abstract and professional realm. This is the level where you encounter '数学模型' (mathematical model) or '经济模型' (economic model) in news articles or basic academic texts. You should understand that a model is a tool used to explain or predict something. You will also see it in business contexts, like '商业模型' (business model). At this level, you are expected to use verbs like '建立' (jiànlì - to establish) or '设计' (shèjì - to design) with '模型'. You can describe the purpose of a model: '我们用这个模型来预测未来的天气' (We use this model to predict future weather).
At the B2 level, '模型' is used in more complex technical and social discussions. You will frequently encounter it in the context of '人工智能' (AI) and '机器学习' (machine learning). Terms like '语言模型' (language model) and '深度学习模型' (deep learning model) become relevant. You should be able to discuss the '准确性' (accuracy) or '复杂度' (complexity) of a model. You will also see '模型' used in social sciences to describe theoretical frameworks. At this level, you should be able to distinguish '模型' from '模式' (móshì - pattern/mode) and '原型' (yuánxíng - prototype) in professional conversations and writing.
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At the C1 level, '模型' is a versatile tool for high-level analysis. You will use it to describe sophisticated simulations, philosophical frameworks, or complex scientific theories. You might discuss '模型驱动' (model-driven) approaches in engineering or '模型评估' (model evaluation) in data science. The word is used to critique how well a representation fits reality. You will encounter it in academic papers where '模型的局限性' (limitations of the model) are discussed in detail. You are expected to use the word with precision, understanding its nuances in different fields, from architecture to econometrics to cognitive psychology.
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At the C2 level, '模型' is used with complete native-like fluidity, often in highly specialized or metaphorical ways. You might discuss the '认识论模型' (epistemological models) of different cultures or the '范式' (paradigm) shifts that change scientific models. You can use it to describe the structure of an entire argument or a world-view. At this level, the distinction between the model and the reality it represents becomes a topic of nuanced debate. You can use the word in high-stakes professional environments, such as presenting a '风险模型' (risk model) to a board of directors, or in literary analysis to describe the '叙事模型' (narrative model) of a novel.
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模型 in 30 Sekunden

  • A '模型' (móxíng) is a representation of something, ranging from physical toys to complex scientific frameworks and AI algorithms.
  • Commonly used in hobbies (toy models), architecture (scale models), science (mathematical models), and technology (AI/language models).
  • Key verbs include '建立' (establish), '制作' (make), and '训练' (train), depending on whether the model is abstract or physical.
  • It is distinct from '模特' (human model) and '模式' (pattern/mode), requiring careful context-based usage.

The Chinese term 模型 (móxíng) is a foundational concept in both physical and abstract domains. At its core, it refers to a representation—often simplified—of a system, object, or phenomenon. Whether you are holding a plastic airplane in your hand or discussing the complex algorithms behind a Large Language Model, you are dealing with a 'móxíng'. The word is composed of '模' (mó), meaning a mold or pattern, and '型' (xíng), meaning a type or shape. Together, they describe something that serves as a standard or a structural replica.

Physical Dimension
In the physical world, a 模型 is a tangible object. This includes architectural miniatures used by urban planners to visualize a city's future, or scale models used by hobbyists. For example, a '建筑模型' (jiànzhù móxíng) allows a client to see a building before the first brick is laid.

这个模型完美地展示了未来城市的布局。 (This model perfectly demonstrates the layout of the future city.)

Conceptual Dimension
In science and mathematics, a 模型 is an abstract framework. It simplifies reality to make it computable or understandable. An '经济模型' (jīngjì móxíng) might predict market trends by ignoring minor variables to focus on core drivers like supply and demand.

科学家们建立了一个数学模型来预测气候变化。 (Scientists established a mathematical model to predict climate change.)

Understanding '模型' requires recognizing that it is never the 'thing' itself, but a tool for analysis or display. In modern Chinese, its usage has exploded with the rise of technology, moving from the toy store to the data center. It implies a level of structure and logic that '样子' (yàngzi - appearance) does not possess.

Using 模型 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and the specific verbs that accompany it. Because it can be both a physical object and a digital or conceptual one, the verbs you choose are crucial for clarity.

Common Verbs
1. 建立 (jiànlì) - To establish/build (conceptual models).
2. 制作 (zhìzuò) - To make/manufacture (physical models).
3. 训练 (xùnliàn) - To train (AI models).
4. 模拟 (mónǐ) - To simulate using a model.

我们需要训练一个新的语言模型。 (We need to train a new language model.)

Measure Words
The most common measure word is '个' (gè). However, for a set of models, use '套' (tào). For types or categories of models, use '种' (zhǒng).

这套模型是专门为教学设计的。 (This set of models is specifically designed for teaching.)

When describing a model, you can use adjectives like '精细' (jīngxì - fine/detailed), '粗糙' (cūcāo - rough), '复杂' (fùzá - complex), or '简化' (jiǎnhuà - simplified). In business contexts, '商业模型' (business model) is a standard term used to describe how a company creates value.

The word 模型 is ubiquitous in modern Chinese society, appearing in academic, professional, and recreational settings. Its frequency has increased significantly due to the tech boom in China.

In Technology & AI
You will hear this constantly in news about AI. Terms like '大模型' (dà móxíng - Large Model) refer to systems like GPT-4. Tech conferences in Beijing or Shenzhen are filled with discussions on '模型优化' (model optimization).

这个大模型拥有数千亿个参数。 (This large model has hundreds of billions of parameters.)

In Education & Science
Teachers use '模型' to explain complex concepts. A biology teacher might show a 'DNA模型', while a physics professor discusses a '原子模型' (atomic model).

他从小就喜欢收集各种飞机模型。 (He has liked collecting various airplane models since he was a child.)

In real estate, when you visit a '售楼处' (sales office), you will always see a '沙盘模型' (shāpán móxíng - sand table model) showing the entire housing complex. This is a crucial part of the Chinese home-buying experience.

While 模型 is a straightforward noun, learners often confuse it with other words that share similar meanings in English but have distinct usages in Chinese.

Confusion with 模特 (mótè)
In English, 'model' can refer to a person on a runway. In Chinese, this is ALWAYS '模特'. Never call a person a '模型', as it implies they are a plastic or inanimate object.

错误：她是一个著名的模型。
正确：她是一个著名的模特。 (She is a famous model.)

Confusion with 模式 (móshì)
'模式' refers to a pattern, mode, or method (e.g., 'business mode' or 'silent mode'). While '模型' is a representation of a system, '模式' is the way the system operates. For example, '商业模式' (business model/mode) is often used interchangeably with '商业模型', but '模式' is more common for the strategy itself.

我们需要改变现有的盈利模式。 (We need to change the existing profit model/mode.)

Another mistake is using '模型' when '样子' (yàngzi) is intended. '样子' refers to the outward appearance or look of something, whereas '模型' implies a structured representation. If you want to say 'I like the look of this car,' use '样子'. If you are talking about a toy version of the car, use '模型'.

To master 模型, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that dictates its use in professional or casual Chinese.

模型 vs. 原型 (yuánxíng)
'原型' means 'prototype'. A 模型 can be a representation of something that already exists or is planned, but a 原型 is the first functional version of a new product used for testing.

在量产之前，我们需要先制作一个原型。 (Before mass production, we need to make a prototype.)

模型 vs. 样板 (yàngbǎn)
'样板' refers to a template or a model example to be followed. It is often used in social or political contexts (e.g., '样板戏' - model opera) or in manufacturing to mean a master sample.

这个项目被树立为全省的样板。 (This project was set as a model example for the whole province.)

Finally, consider '标本' (biāoběn). While a 模型 is man-made, a 标本 is a specimen—a real biological sample preserved for study (like a butterfly specimen). Do not confuse a 'human body model' (人体模型) with a 'human specimen' (人体标本).

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Schreiben 3/5

Wichtige Grammatik

Measure words for objects (个, 套)

Compound nouns in Chinese

Using '基于' (based on) for abstract concepts

The '对...进行' structure for formal actions

Nominalization of verbs in technical contexts

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

这是一个小汽车模型。

This is a small car model.

Simple 'Subject + 是 + Object' structure.

2

我喜欢飞机模型。

I like airplane models.

The noun '模型' follows the specific type of object.

3

桌子上有一个模型。

There is a model on the table.

Using the existential '有' (yǒu) sentence.

4

这个模型很漂亮。

This model is very pretty.

Adjective '漂亮' describing the noun.

5

那是他的船模型。

That is his boat model.

Possessive '的' (de) used with '模型'.

6

你会做模型吗？

Can you make models?

Verb '做' (zuò) used for simple physical construction.

7

我买了一个新模型。

I bought a new model.

Measure word '个' (gè) used.

8

模型在箱子里。

The model is in the box.

Prepositional phrase '在...里'.

1

他收集了很多汽车模型。

He collected many car models.

Verb '收集' (shōují) commonly used with '模型'.

2

我们在课上做了一个地球模型。

We made a model of the Earth in class.

Context of school activities.

3

这个建筑模型非常精细。

This architectural model is very detailed.

Adjective '精细' (jīngxì) describing quality.

4

这套模型一共有五件。

This set of models has five pieces in total.

Measure word '套' (tào) for a set.

5

我想买一个遥控飞机模型。

I want to buy a remote-control airplane model.

Compound noun phrase.

6

他用纸做了一个飞机模型。

He made a plane model out of paper.

Using '用...做' (use... to make).

7

这个模型的颜色不对。

The color of this model is not right.

Negative '不对' (bùduì).

8

你看，这个模型会动！

Look, this model can move!

Verb '动' (dòng) describing functionality.

1

科学家们建立了一个数学模型。

Scientists established a mathematical model.

Verb '建立' (jiànlì) used for abstract models.

2

这个商业模型非常成功。

This business model is very successful.

Abstract usage in a professional context.

3

我们需要一个模型来解释这个现象。

We need a model to explain this phenomenon.

Purpose clause '来解释...'.

4

这个模型简化了复杂的过程。

This model simplified the complex process.

Verb '简化' (jiǎnhuà) - to simplify.

5

你可以从这个模型中看到未来的变化。

You can see future changes from this model.

Structure '从...中' (from within...).

6

这个气候模型预测明年会更热。

This climate model predicts it will be hotter next year.

Verb '预测' (yùcè) - to predict.

7

这个模型是基于真实数据建立的。

This model is built based on real data.

Structure '基于...建立的' (built based on...).

8

这种模型在经济学中很常见。

This kind of model is very common in economics.

Measure word '种' (zhǒng) for types.

1

这个语言模型可以生成自然语言。

This language model can generate natural language.

Technical term '语言模型'.

2

我们需要对模型进行优化。

We need to optimize the model.

Structure '对...进行' (to carry out... on...).

3

该模型在测试集上的表现很好。

The model performed well on the test set.

Formal word '该' (gāi) instead of '这个'.

4

这个物理模型考虑了重力的影响。

This physical model took the influence of gravity into account.

Verb '考虑' (kǎolǜ) - to consider.

5

模型的结果需要进一步验证。

The results of the model need further verification.

Noun '结果' (jiéguǒ) and verb '验证' (yànzhèng).

6

这种训练模型的方法非常有效。

This method of training models is very effective.

Complex noun phrase '训练模型的方法'.

7

模型中存在一些不可忽略的误差。

There are some non-negligible errors in the model.

Formal term '不可忽略' (non-negligible).

8

他提出了一个新的理论模型。

He proposed a new theoretical model.

Verb '提出' (tíchū) - to propose.

1

这个模型揭示了市场波动的内在逻辑。

This model reveals the internal logic of market fluctuations.

High-level verb '揭示' (jiēshì) - to reveal.

2

我们需要评估模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力。

We need to evaluate the robustness and generalization ability of the model.

Technical terms '鲁棒性' and '泛化能力'.

3

该研究采用了一个多维度的分析模型。

The study adopted a multi-dimensional analytical model.

Formal verb '采用' (cǎiyòng) - to adopt.

4

模型的参数设置对最终结果至关重要。

The parameter settings of the model are crucial to the final result.

Idiom '至关重要' (zhìguān zhòngyào).

5

这个模型是对现实世界的高度抽象。

This model is a high-level abstraction of the real world.

Noun '抽象' (chōuxiàng) - abstraction.

6

通过模型仿真，我们可以预测极端情况。

Through model simulation, we can predict extreme cases.

Term '模型仿真' (model simulation).

7

该模型的局限性在于忽略了社会因素。

The limitation of this model lies in ignoring social factors.

Structure '局限性在于...' (limitation lies in...).

8

我们需要不断迭代模型以提高精度。

We need to constantly iterate the model to improve precision.

Verb '迭代' (diédài) - to iterate.

1

这种认识论模型构成了他哲学体系的基础。

This epistemological model forms the basis of his philosophical system.

Specialized term '认识论' (epistemology).

2

模型与现实之间的鸿沟始终难以逾越。

The chasm between the model and reality remains difficult to bridge.

Metaphorical usage with '鸿沟' (chasm).

3

该模型试图在复杂性与可解释性之间寻求平衡。

The model attempts to seek a balance between complexity and interpretability.

Formal phrasing '寻求平衡'.

4

在范式转移的过程中，旧的模型被逐渐抛弃。

In the process of paradigm shift, old models are gradually abandoned.

Term '范式转移' (paradigm shift).

5

该数学模型的优雅之处在于其简洁的公式。

The elegance of this mathematical model lies in its concise formula.

Abstract noun '优雅' (elegance).

6

我们需要警惕模型过度拟合的问题。

We need to be wary of the problem of model overfitting.

Technical term '过度拟合' (overfitting).

7

该模型为理解宏观经济提供了全新的视角。

The model provides a brand-new perspective for understanding the macroeconomy.

Structure '为...提供视角'.

8

模型的有效性取决于其底层假设的合理性。

The validity of the model depends on the rationality of its underlying assumptions.

Complex logic '取决于...的合理性'.

Synonyme

模式 模范 原型 样板

Gegenteile

实体 现实

Häufige Kollokationen

建立模型 (Establish a model)
制作模型 (Make a model)
训练模型 (Train a model)
数学模型 (Mathematical model)
物理模型 (Physical model)
语言模型 (Language model)
商业模型 (Business model)
建筑模型 (Architectural model)
模型预测 (Model prediction)
模型优化 (Model optimization)

Häufige Phrasen

大模型 (Large model - AI)
沙盘模型 (Sand table model)
飞机模型 (Airplane model)
人体模型 (Human body model)
理论模型 (Theoretical model)
数据模型 (Data model)
三维模型 (3D model)
比例模型 (Scale model)
心理模型 (Mental model)
风险模型 (Risk model)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

模型 vs 模特 (mótè)

模型 vs 模式 (móshì)

模型 vs 原型 (yuánxíng)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"模棱两可 (Ambiguous - shares 'mó')"
"一模一样 (Exactly the same - shares 'mó')"
"模式化 (Stereotyped/Patterned)"
"型男 (Stylish man - shares 'xíng')"
"刻舟求剑 (Metaphorically related to rigid models)"
"按图索骥 (Following a model/map strictly)"
"照猫画虎 (Copying a model superficially)"
"因循守旧 (Following old models blindly)"
"别具一格 (Having a unique style/model)"
"独树一帜 (Setting a new model/style)"

Leicht verwechselbar

模型 vs

模型 vs

模型 vs

模型 vs

模型 vs

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

Professionalism

In business, '商业模型' is slightly more formal than '商业模式'.

Abstract vs Physical

The word covers both, but the accompanying verbs change.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 模型 for human fashion models.
  • Confusing 模型 (representation) with 模式 (method/pattern).
  • Using the verb '做' for complex mathematical models (use '建立' instead).
  • Forgetting the measure word '个' or '套'.
  • Confusing 模型 with 标本 (biological specimen).

Tipps

Measure Words

Remember to use '套' for a collection of models, like a set of toy soldiers.

Real Estate

In China, looking at the '沙盘模型' is the first step in buying a house.

AI Buzzword

If you follow Chinese tech news, you will see '大模型' every single day.

Tones

Both syllables are second tone (rising). Practice saying 'mó... xíng...'.

Formal Verbs

Use '构建' (gòujiàn) in academic papers for a more professional tone.

DIY

The verb for assembling a model kit is '拼' (pīn), as in '拼模型'.

People

Never call your favorite fashion model a '模型'; they are a '模特'.

Simplification

A model is always a simplification. Use '简化' to describe this process.

Mental Models

The term '心理模型' is used in psychology to describe how we understand the world.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

MOre XINGs (shapes) can be made from one MOXING (model).

Wortherkunft

Ancient Chinese. '模' originally referred to a wooden mold for casting, and '型' referred to an earthen mold. Together, they signify the standard or shape-giving tool.

Kultureller Kontext

The 'War of Large Models' (百模大战) refers to the competition between Chinese tech giants in AI.

Gundam and military modeling are popular subcultures in urban China.

Sand table models are essential for selling apartments in China.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"你喜欢收集模型吗？ (Do you like collecting models?)"

"你觉得这个商业模型可行吗？ (Do you think this business model is feasible?)"

"这个建筑模型是谁做的？ (Who made this architectural model?)"

"你听说过最近很火的AI大模型吗？ (Have you heard about the recent popular AI large models?)"

"我们需要建立一个什么样的模型？ (What kind of model do we need to establish?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

描述一个你曾经制作过的模型。 (Describe a model you once made.)

如果你可以建立一个预测未来的模型，你最想预测什么？ (If you could build a model to predict the future, what would you most want to predict?)

讨论人工智能模型对你生活的影响。 (Discuss the impact of AI models on your life.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, you must use '模特' (mótè) for people. '模型' is only for objects or concepts.

'模型' is a representation (like a map or a toy), while '模式' is a way of doing things (like a business mode or a behavior pattern).

For physical models, use '制作模型'. For abstract or digital models, use '建立模型' or '构建模型'.

It refers to Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT, which are trained on massive amounts of data.

Yes, a globe is a '地球模型' (model of the Earth), though it has its own specific name '地球仪'.

No, it is a noun. To express the action, use '建模' (jiànmó - to model).

Usually '个' (gè). Use '套' (tào) for a set of models.

No, a real preserved biological sample is a '标本' (biāoběn).

Yes, '数学模型' (mathematical model) is a very common term.

It means 'model optimization,' usually referring to improving an AI or mathematical model's performance.

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Teste dich selbst 98 Fragen

writing

Write 'This is a car model' in Chinese.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write 'He likes to collect airplane models' in Chinese.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Describe what a 'business model' is in Chinese.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to: '我买了一套新模型。' What did the person buy?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

/ 98 correct

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