Esta página en tu idioma

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

Inicio
Aprender
Hindi
Vocabulario
जिसके

B1 pronoun #37 más común 10 min de lectura

जिसके

jiske Top 37

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to describe people and things. 'Jiske' might seem a bit complicated because it changes based on the word that follows it. For now, think of 'Jiske' as a way to say 'who has' when you use the word 'paas' (near). For example, 'The boy who has a pen' is 'Woh ladka jiske paas pen hai.' You don't need to worry about all the complex grammar rules yet. Just remember that when you want to say someone 'has' something in a descriptive sentence, 'jiske paas' is the phrase to use. It's like saying 'the person near whom' something is. Focus on this one simple pattern, and you will be able to make much more interesting sentences than just 'I have a pen' or 'He has a pen.'

At the A2 level, you should start noticing that 'Jiske' is used when the thing being owned is plural. In Hindi, nouns have gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). If you are talking about 'the man whose sons are tall,' you use 'jiske' because 'sons' (bete) is masculine and plural. If it was just one son, you would use 'jiska'. You will also see 'jiske' used with common postpositions like 'saath' (with) or 'liye' (for). For example, 'The friend with whom I play' is 'Woh dost jiske saath main khelta hoon.' At this stage, practice switching between 'jiska', 'jiski', and 'jiske' based on the noun that comes after it. This will help you build a strong foundation for Hindi's agreement system.

At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'Jiske' more naturally in complex sentences. You should be comfortable with the 'Relative-Correlative' structure, where a sentence starts with 'Jiske' and is answered by 'Uske'. For example, 'Jiske paas himmat hai, uske paas sab kuch hai' (Whose-near courage is, his-near everything is). You should also understand the 'Oblique Case' rule: even if a noun is masculine singular, if it's followed by a word like 'mein' (in) or 'se' (from), 'jiska' becomes 'jiske'. For instance, 'The house in whose room...' becomes 'Woh ghar jiske kamre mein...'. This level is about moving beyond simple possession and using 'jiske' to create logical links and explanations in your speech and writing.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'Jiske' to express abstract ideas and formal relationships. You will encounter it in news articles, literature, and formal discussions. You should understand the honorific use of 'jiske'—using the plural form to show respect to a single person. For example, referring to a teacher or a parent as 'jiske' even if the following noun is singular. You should also be able to use 'jiske' in causative phrases like 'jiske kaaran' (because of which) or 'jiske dwara' (by means of which). At this stage, your focus should be on the nuances of register and ensuring that your use of 'jiske' matches the level of formality and respect required by the context.

At the C1 level, 'Jiske' should be a tool for sophisticated expression. You will use it in poetic or highly formal contexts, perhaps even encountering its Sanskrit roots in classical literature. You should be able to handle multiple nested clauses where 'jiske' provides the necessary link without losing the reader's or listener's attention. You should also be aware of the subtle differences between 'jiske' and its plural counterpart 'jinke', choosing the latter to emphasize a collective group or extreme respect. Your usage should be flawless, reflecting a deep understanding of Hindi's inflectional system and its ability to pack significant relational information into a single word.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'Jiske'. You can appreciate and use it in wordplay, complex legal definitions, and high-level philosophical arguments. You understand the historical evolution of the word from Old Indo-Aryan and how it functions within the broader landscape of South Asian linguistics. You can use 'jiske' to create rhythm and balance in your own creative writing, mirroring the structures found in the works of great Hindi poets like Tulsidas or Premchand. At this level, 'jiske' is not just a grammar point; it is a versatile instrument for precise, elegant, and culturally resonant communication.

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

जिसके en 30 segundos

Jiske is the Hindi equivalent of 'whose' or 'of which' for masculine plural or oblique nouns.
It is formed from the relative pronoun 'jis' and the postposition 'ke'.
It is commonly used in the 'Jiske... Uske' structure to link two related ideas.
It also serves as a respectful (honorific) singular form when referring to elders.

The Hindi word जिसके (jiske) is a cornerstone of Hindi grammar, serving as a relative pronoun in the possessive case. To understand it, one must first look at its root, जो (jo), which means 'who' or 'which'. In Hindi, when a pronoun is followed by a postposition (like 'of', 'to', 'in'), it changes into its oblique form. For जो, that oblique form is जिस (jis). When we add the possessive postposition के (ke), we get जिसके. This word translates most directly to 'whose' or 'of which' in English, but its usage is governed by the gender, number, and case of the noun that follows it, as well as the level of respect intended.

Grammatical Composition: It is the combination of the relative pronoun 'Jis' (oblique of 'Jo') and the masculine plural/oblique possessive marker 'Ke'.

Native speakers use जिसके in three primary scenarios. First, when the object being possessed is masculine and plural (e.g., 'the man whose sons...'). Second, when the object being possessed is masculine singular but is followed by another postposition (e.g., 'the man in whose house...'). Third, it is used as an honorific singular to show respect to the person being referred to (e.g., 'the teacher whose advice...'). This versatility makes it more complex than the English 'whose', which does not change based on the object possessed.

वह आदमी जिसके पास बहुत सारे विचार हैं। (The man who has many ideas / The man whose possession has many ideas).

In everyday conversation, you will hear this word when people are describing relationships, ownership, or characteristics. It is essential for creating complex sentences that link two ideas together. Without जिसके, Hindi speech would be limited to short, choppy sentences. For example, instead of saying 'I know the boy. His father is a doctor,' a Hindi speaker would say, 'I know the boy whose father is a doctor,' using जिसके to create a seamless flow. The word acts as a bridge, connecting the subject of the main clause to a detailed description in the subordinate clause.

Honorific Usage: In Hindi culture, respect is embedded in grammar. Even if a person has only one son, you would use 'jiske' instead of 'jiska' if that person is an elder or someone of high status.

Furthermore, जिसके is often paired with its correlative partner उसके (uske). This 'J-U' pairing (Jis... Us...) is a hallmark of Indo-Aryan languages. A common proverbial structure is 'Jiske paas X, uske paas Y' (He who has X, has Y). This structural symmetry is pleasing to the ear and is used extensively in Hindi poetry, song lyrics, and formal oratory. Understanding जिसके is not just about learning a word; it is about mastering the logic of how Hindi connects thoughts and expresses possession across different social and grammatical contexts.

जिसके सिर पर हाथ हो, उसे डर कैसा? (Whose head has a [protective] hand over it, why should they fear?)

Using जिसके (jiske) correctly requires a keen eye for the words that follow it. Unlike English, where 'whose' is static, Hindi possessive pronouns must agree with the 'possessed' object. जिसके is the masculine plural or oblique form. This means you use it when the thing being owned is a group of males, a mixed-gender group, or a single male entity that is being treated with respect or is followed by another postposition.

Rule 1: Masculine Plural Possession: Use 'jiske' when the possessed nouns are masculine plural. Example: 'The king whose palaces (mahal - masc. plural) are famous.'

One of the most common constructions involving जिसके is the phrase जिसके पास (jiske paas), which means 'who has' or 'in whose possession'. In Hindi, possession is often expressed as 'near someone'. So, 'The boy who has the keys' becomes 'The boy near whom the keys are' (वह लड़का जिसके पास चाबियाँ हैं). Here, जिसके is used because पास is a postposition that forces the preceding pronoun into the oblique-plural form.

वह पेड़ जिसके नीचे हम बैठे थे, बहुत पुराना है। (The tree under which we were sitting is very old).

Another crucial aspect is the 'Relative-Correlative' structure. In English, we might say 'Whose luck is good, wins.' In Hindi, we must complete the thought with a corresponding 'that person'. जिसके (Jiske) starts the first clause, and उसका/उसके/उसकी (uska/uske/uski) starts the second. For example: जिसके पास ज्ञान है, उसके पास शक्ति है (Whose-near knowledge is, his-near power is). This balanced structure is vital for sounding like a native speaker.

Rule 2: The Oblique Effect: If you are saying 'in whose house' (jis ke ghar mein), the 'mein' makes the 'jiska' turn into 'jiske'.

In more advanced usage, जिसके can be used to refer to abstract concepts or inanimate objects. For instance, 'A company whose employees are happy...' would use जिसके because 'employees' (कर्मचारी - karmachari) is masculine plural. It is also used in the phrase जिसके कारण (jiske kaaran), meaning 'because of which' or 'due to which'. This is frequently used in formal writing and news reports to explain causality. Mastering these patterns allows you to construct logical arguments and detailed descriptions in Hindi.

यह वही समस्या है जिसके बारे में मैंने बताया था। (This is the same problem about which I had told [you]).

The word जिसके (jiske) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking environments, ranging from the high-register Hindi of literature and news to the colloquial slang of Bollywood movies. In a formal setting, such as a political speech or a university lecture, जिसके is used to define parameters and conditions. You might hear a politician say, 'A nation whose youth are empowered...' (वह देश जिसके युवा सशक्त हैं...). Here, the word provides a necessary link to define the subject with precision.

In Bollywood Lyrics: Songs often use 'jiske' to describe a beloved's attributes. 'Jiske aane se...' (By whose arrival...) is a classic romantic trope.

In the realm of media and journalism, जिसके is a workhorse for reporting events. News anchors use it to link suspects to crimes, victims to incidents, or countries to treaties. For example, 'The country with which India signed the deal' would involve जिसके साथ. Because news reporting requires specific details about 'who' and 'what', this relative pronoun appears in almost every broadcast. It helps in building the narrative by adding layers of information to the primary subject.

वह फिल्म जिसके गाने सुपरहिट हुए। (The movie whose songs became superhits).

In religious and philosophical discourses, which are very common in India, जिसके is used to describe the attributes of the Divine or the nature of the soul. In the Bhagavad Gita or various Bhajans (devotional songs), you will find sentences like 'He whose mind is steady...' or 'The Lord in whose heart there is compassion.' The word lends itself to the rhythmic and repetitive nature of spiritual teaching, often appearing in the 'Jiske... Uske...' correlative format mentioned earlier.

Legal and Official Use: In Hindi legal documents, 'jiske' is used to specify parties in a contract, e.g., 'The person whose signature is below...'

Even in casual daily life, if you are asking about someone's family or belongings, you will use it. 'The person whose kids study with mine' or 'The shop whose sweets are famous.' It is a word that bridges the gap between simple identification and detailed storytelling. Whether you are watching a soap opera, reading a newspaper in Delhi, or listening to a grandmother's story in a village, जिसके is the grammatical glue that holds the descriptions together.

वह दोस्त जिसके साथ मैं स्कूल जाता था। (The friend with whom I used to go to school).

For English speakers learning Hindi, जिसके (jiske) presents several pitfalls due to the way Hindi handles gender and case. The most frequent mistake is using जिसका (jiska) when जिसके is required. Learners often think 'jiska' is the only word for 'whose'. However, if the possessed object is plural, जिसका is grammatically incorrect. For example, saying 'वह आदमी जिसका बेटे' is wrong; it must be 'वह आदमी जिसके बेटे' because 'sons' (bete) is plural.

The 'Paas' Error: Many learners say 'jis ka paas' (whose near). This is incorrect. The word 'paas' is a postposition that requires the oblique form 'jiske'.

Another common error is confusing जिसके (jiske) with किसके (kiske). While they sound similar, जिसके is a relative pronoun (used in statements) and किसके is an interrogative pronoun (used in questions). If you are asking 'Whose book is this?', you use किसके. If you are saying 'The boy whose book this is...', you use जिसके. Mixing these up can change a statement into a question or vice versa, leading to confusion in conversation.

Incorrect: वह आदमी किसके पास कार है।
Correct: वह आदमी जिसके पास कार है।

The 'Oblique Case' trap is also a major hurdle. Even if the possessed object is masculine singular, if it is followed by another postposition like में (mein - in), से (se - from), or को (ko - to), the word जिसका must change to जिसके. For example, 'The house in whose room...' becomes वह घर जिसके कमरे में.... Beginners often forget this shift and stick to the base possessive form, which sounds unnatural to native ears.

Agreement with Feminine Nouns: Never use 'jiske' for feminine nouns. If you are talking about 'whose daughter', it is always 'jiski beti', regardless of plurality or respect.

Lastly, failing to use the correlative उसके (uske) or उसका (uska) in the second half of a sentence is a stylistic error. While sometimes understood, leaving it out makes the sentence feel incomplete. A sentence starting with जिसके sets up an expectation in the listener's mind that a corresponding उस- word is coming. Practice the 'J-U' rhythm to avoid sounding like you've cut your sentence short.

Common Mistake: जिसका पास पैसे हैं, वह खुश है। (Wrong)
Correct: जिसके पास पैसे हैं, वह खुश है। (Right)

To truly master जिसके (jiske), one must understand its place within the family of Hindi relative pronouns. The most immediate relatives are जिसका (jiska) and जिसकी (jiski). All three mean 'whose', but they are not interchangeable. They function like adjectives, agreeing with the noun they modify. This 'inflection' is a key feature of Hindi that distinguishes it from English.

Jiska (जिसका): Used for masculine singular nouns. Example: 'The boy whose dog (kutta - masc. sing.) is black.'
Jiski (जिसकी): Used for feminine nouns (singular or plural). Example: 'The girl whose sister (behen - fem.) is a doctor.'

Another set of similar words are the plural forms जिनका (jinka), जिनके (jinke), and जिनकी (jinki). These are used when the 'owner' is plural. For example, if you are talking about 'the people whose house...', you would use जिनका. जिसके is specifically for a singular owner (or honorific singular). Using the plural forms जिन- adds a layer of formal pluralization that is common in respectful speech and writing.

Singular Owner: वह आदमी जिसके बच्चे... (The man whose children...)
Plural Owner: वे लोग जिनके बच्चे... (Those people whose children...)

In terms of alternatives, sometimes you can rephrase a sentence to avoid the possessive relative pronoun entirely. Instead of 'The man whose name is Ram', you could say 'The man who is named Ram' (वह आदमी जो राम नाम का है). However, this is often wordier and less natural than using जिसका/जिसके. In very formal or poetic Hindi, you might encounter the Sanskritized यस्य (yasya), but this is rare in modern spoken Hindi and is reserved for classical texts.

Lastly, don't confuse जिसके with जिसने (jisne). जिसने means 'who' (as an agent in the past tense, e.g., 'the man who did this'). While both start with जिस, their functions are entirely different—one shows possession (जिसके), and the other shows action (जिसने). Understanding these nuances is the difference between a beginner and an intermediate Hindi learner.

Summary Table

Word	Used For
Jiska	Masc. Sing. Object
Jiski	Fem. Object
Jiske	Masc. Plural / Oblique / Respect
Jinka	Plural Owner

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"वह नागरिक जिसके अधिकारों का हनन हुआ है।"

Neutral

"वह लड़का जिसके पास मेरी किताब है।"

Informal

"वो बंदा जिसके साथ मैं कल था।"

Child friendly

"वह हाथी जिसके कान बहुत बड़े हैं।"

Jerga

"वो भाई जिसके पास फुल पावर है।"

Dato curioso

The 'J' sound in Hindi relative pronouns (Jo, Jiska, Jiske) is a direct cognate to the 'Wh' sound in English (Who, Whose, Which) and the 'Qu' sound in Latin (Qui, Quod).

Guía de pronunciación

UK /dʒɪs.keː/

US /dʒɪs.keɪ/

The stress is evenly distributed, but a slight emphasis is placed on the first syllable 'Jis'.

Rima con

उसके (uske) किसके (kiske) जिसके (jiske) तिसके (tiske) बचके (bachke) हँसके (hanske) फँसके (fanske) कसके (kaske)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing 'ke' as 'key'. It should be 'kay'.
Making the 'j' sound too harsh like 'zh'.
Confusing the short 'i' in 'jis' with a long 'ee' sound.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

Easy to recognize in text but requires understanding of context.

Escritura 5/5

Difficult to remember to use 'jiske' instead of 'jiska' for plural/oblique cases.

Expresión oral 6/5

Hard to apply gender/number agreement rules in real-time speech.

Escucha 4/5

Usually clear, but can be confused with 'kiske' in fast speech.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

जो (Jo) जिस (Jis) का/के/की (Ka/Ke/Ki) पास (Paas) साथ (Saath)

Aprende después

जिनके (Jinke) जिसने (Jisne) जिसको (Jisko) जिससे (Jisse)

Avanzado

यद्यपि (Yadyapi) तथापि (Tathapi) यस्य (Yasya)

Gramática que debes saber

Relative-Correlative Agreement

Jiske paas X hai, uske paas Y hai.

Oblique Case Transformation

Jiska -> Jiske (before postpositions like 'mein', 'se').

Masculine Plural Concord

Jiske bete (Whose sons) vs Jiska beta (Whose son).

Honorific Plurality

Pitaji, jiske aashirwad se... (Father, by whose blessing...)

Postpositional Requirement

Words like 'paas', 'saath', 'liye' always require 'jiske'.

Ejemplos por nivel

वह लड़का जिसके पास गेंद है।

The boy who has the ball.

Used 'jiske' with 'paas' to show possession.

जिसके पास कलम है, वह लिखे।

Whoever has a pen, let them write.

Simple relative-correlative structure.

वह आदमी जिसके दो भाई हैं।

The man who has two brothers.

'Jiske' used because 'bhai' (brothers) is plural.

जिसके पास घर है, वह सुखी है।

He who has a house is happy.

General statement using 'jiske paas'.

वह बच्चा जिसके पास खिलौने हैं।

The child who has toys.

'Jiske' used because 'khilone' (toys) is plural.

जिसके पास समय है, वह आए।

Whoever has time, come.

Used to set a condition.

वह औरत जिसके पास चाबी है।

The woman who has the key.

Using 'jiske' with 'paas' for a singular owner.

जिसके पास किताब है, वह पढ़े।

Whoever has the book, read.

Imperative sentence with relative pronoun.

वह पेड़ जिसके पत्ते गिर रहे हैं।

The tree whose leaves are falling.

'Jiske' agrees with 'patte' (leaves, masc. plural).

वह दोस्त जिसके साथ मैं खेलता हूँ।

The friend with whom I play.

'Jiske' used because of the postposition 'saath'.

वह कमरा जिसके अंदर मेज़ है।

The room inside which there is a table.

'Jiske' used because of the postposition 'andar'.

वह राजा जिसके महल बड़े हैं।

The king whose palaces are big.

'Jiske' agrees with 'mahal' (palaces, masc. plural).

वह लड़का जिसके पिता डॉक्टर हैं।

The boy whose father is a doctor.

Honorific use or 'jiske' before 'pita' (father).

जिसके लिए मैंने यह खरीदा।

The one for whom I bought this.

'Jiske' used with postposition 'liye'.

वह गाँव जिसके लोग मेहनती हैं।

The village whose people are hardworking.

'Jiske' agrees with 'log' (people, masc. plural).

वह स्कूल जिसके कमरे साफ़ हैं।

The school whose rooms are clean.

'Jiske' agrees with 'kamre' (rooms, masc. plural).

जिसके पास ज्ञान है, उसके पास सब कुछ है।

Whose-near knowledge is, his-near everything is.

Classic relative-correlative (Jiske... Uske).

वह समस्या जिसके बारे में हम बात कर रहे थे।

The problem about which we were talking.

'Jiske' used with compound postposition 'baare mein'.

वह शहर जिसके बाज़ार बहुत प्रसिद्ध हैं।

The city whose markets are very famous.

'Jiske' agrees with 'baazaar' (markets, masc. plural).

जिसके कारण मुझे देर हो गई।

Because of which I got late.

'Jiske kaaran' is a common phrase for causality.

वह नेता जिसके भाषण प्रभावशाली होते हैं।

The leader whose speeches are influential.

'Jiske' agrees with 'bhashan' (speeches, masc. plural).

वह किताब जिसके पन्ने फटे हुए हैं।

The book whose pages are torn.

'Jiske' agrees with 'panne' (pages, masc. plural).

जिसके हाथ में मेहनत है, वही सफल होता है।

In whose hand there is hard work, only they succeed.

Metaphorical use of 'jiske'.

वह घर जिसके सामने एक बगीचा है।

The house in front of which there is a garden.

'Jiske' used with 'saamne' (in front of).

वह संविधान जिसके आधार पर देश चलता है।

The constitution on whose basis the country runs.

Formal usage in a political context.

जिसके व्यक्तित्व में गहराई हो, वही महान है।

Whose personality has depth, only they are great.

Abstract usage of 'jiske'.

वह योजना जिसके अंतर्गत गरीबों को घर मिलेंगे।

The scheme under which the poor will get houses.

Administrative Hindi using 'antargat' (under).

जिसके पास अनुभव है, उसे प्राथमिकता दी जाएगी।

Whose-near experience is, they will be given priority.

Professional/Formal usage.

वह लेखक जिसके विचारों ने समाज को बदल दिया।

The writer whose thoughts changed society.

'Jiske' refers to 'vichaar' (thoughts, masc. plural).

जिसके विरुद्ध शिकायत दर्ज की गई है।

Against whom the complaint has been filed.

Legal context using 'viruddh' (against).

वह संस्था जिसके सदस्य दुनिया भर में हैं।

The organization whose members are all over the world.

'Jiske' refers to 'sadasya' (members, masc. plural).

जिसके बिना यह काम अधूरा है।

Without which this work is incomplete.

Using 'jiske' with 'bina' (without).

वह दार्शनिक जिसके सिद्धांतों ने आधुनिक युग की नींव रखी।

The philosopher whose principles laid the foundation of the modern era.

High-register academic Hindi.

जिसके हृदय में करुणा का वास है, वही ईश्वर का प्रिय है।

In whose heart compassion resides, only they are dear to God.

Poetic/Spiritual register.

वह संधि जिसके माध्यम से शांति स्थापित हुई।

The treaty through which peace was established.

Diplomatic/Historical context.

जिसके तर्क में दम हो, उसकी बात सुनी जाती है।

Whose argument has strength, their word is heard.

Nuanced use of 'jiske' in intellectual discourse.

वह घटना जिसके दूरगामी परिणाम होंगे।

The event which will have far-reaching consequences.

Analytical/Predictive usage.

जिसके साये में हम सुरक्षित महसूस करते हैं।

In whose shadow we feel safe.

Metaphorical/Literary usage.

वह परंपरा जिसके मूल प्राचीन काल में हैं।

The tradition whose roots are in ancient times.

'Jiske' refers to 'mool' (roots, masc. plural).

जिसके अभाव में जीवन नीरस हो जाता है।

In the absence of which life becomes dull.

Abstract/Philosophical context.

वह कालजयी रचना जिसके नायक का संघर्ष सार्वभौमिक है।

That timeless creation whose hero's struggle is universal.

Literary criticism register.

जिसके आभामंडल से सारा वातावरण आलोकित हो उठा।

By whose aura the entire environment became illuminated.

Highly Sanskritized/Poetic Hindi.

वह विसंगति जिसके समाधान हेतु गहन शोध की आवश्यकता है।

The anomaly for whose resolution deep research is required.

Scientific/Technical register.

जिसके अंतर्मन की गहराइयों को नापना असंभव है।

The depths of whose inner mind are impossible to measure.

Psychological/Philosophical register.

वह साम्राज्य जिसके पतन के कारणों पर इतिहासकार मौन हैं।

The empire about the causes of whose fall historians are silent.

Historiographical register.

जिसके सान्निध्य में समय का बोध ही नहीं रहता।

In whose proximity one loses the sense of time.

Elegant, classical vocabulary ('saannidhya').

वह विधान जिसके प्रावधानों को चुनौती दी गई है।

The legislation whose provisions have been challenged.

Legal/Constitutional register.

जिसके कृतित्व ने कला के प्रतिमानों को पुनर्परिभाषित किया।

Whose body of work redefined the standards of art.

Artistic/Critical register.

Colocaciones comunes

जिसके पास

जिसके कारण

जिसके साथ

जिसके लिए

जिसके बारे में

जिसके बिना

जिसके विरुद्ध

जिसके अनुसार

जिसके ऊपर

जिसके द्वारा

Frases Comunes

जिसके पास लाठी, उसकी भैंस

जिसके मन में खोट

जिसके सिर पर

जिसके भाग्य में

जिसके चलते

जिसके नाम पर

जिसके दम पर

जिसके बदले में

जिसके सहारे

जिसके हाथ में

Se confunde a menudo con

जिसके vs किसके (Kiske)

Kiske is for questions (Whose?), Jiske is for statements (The one whose...).

जिसके vs जिसका (Jiska)

Jiska is for masculine singular objects, Jiske is for plural/oblique/respect.

जिसके vs जिसने (Jisne)

Jisne means 'who' (subject), Jiske means 'whose' (possessive).

Modismos y expresiones

"जिसके घर शीशे के हों"

Those who live in glass houses (shouldn't throw stones).

जिसके घर शीशे के हों, उन्हें दूसरों पर पत्थर नहीं फेंकने चाहिए।

Literary/Proverbial

"जिसके पाँव न फटी बिवाई"

One who has never suffered doesn't know the pain of others.

जिसके पाँव न फटी बिवाई, वो क्या जाने पीर पराई।

Folk/Poetic

"जिसके सिर सेहरा"

The one who gets the credit for a success.

जीत का सेहरा उसी के सिर बंधेगा जिसके नेतृत्व में टीम खेली।

Metaphorical

"जिसके पेट में दाढ़ी"

Someone who is wise beyond their years (often used for children).

वह छोटा बच्चा है पर जिसके पेट में दाढ़ी है।

Colloquial

"जिसके राम सहायक"

One who is protected by God.

जिसके राम सहायक, उसे कोई नहीं मार सकता।

Religious

"जिसके हाथ पीले करना"

To get a girl married (literally 'to make hands yellow' with turmeric).

वह गरीब पिता है जिसके हाथ पीले करने की चिंता उसे खाए जा रही है।

Cultural

"जिसके गले की फाँस"

Something that becomes a constant nuisance or burden.

यह प्रोजेक्ट मेरे लिए जिसके गले की फाँस बन गया है।

Informal

"जिसके सिर पर भूत सवार हो"

Someone who is obsessed with something.

जिसके सिर पर कामयाबी का भूत सवार हो, वह दिन-रात मेहनत करता है।

Colloquial

"जिसके आँचल में"

Under the care or protection of (usually a mother).

वह बच्चा जिसके आँचल में सुकून पाता है।

Poetic

"जिसके खून में"

Something that is in someone's nature or heritage.

देशभक्ति जिसके खून में है, वह कभी गद्दारी नहीं करेगा।

Common

Fácil de confundir

जिसके vs जिसका

Both mean 'whose'.

Jiska is for masculine singular objects. Jiske is for masculine plural, oblique cases, or respect.

Jiska ghar (one house) vs Jiske ghar mein (in whose house).

जिसके vs जिसकी

Both mean 'whose'.

Jiski is strictly for feminine objects, regardless of number.

Jiski beti (whose daughter) vs Jiske bete (whose sons).

जिसके vs जिनके

Both mean 'whose'.

Jinke is used when the owners are plural. Jiske is for a singular owner.

Woh aadmi jiske (that man whose) vs Ve log jinke (those people whose).

जिसके vs किसके

Sound similar.

Kiske is interrogative (Whose?). Jiske is relative (The one whose...).

Kiske paas? (Who has?) vs Jiske paas (The one who has).

जिसके vs तिसके

Old correlative form.

Tiske is archaic; modern Hindi uses 'uske' as the correlative to 'jiske'.

Jiske... uske (Modern) vs Jiske... tiske (Ancient).

Patrones de oraciones

वह [Noun] जिसके पास [Object] है।

वह लड़का जिसके पास कुत्ता है।

वह [Noun] जिसके [Masc. Plural Noun] [Adjective] हैं।

वह राजा जिसके महल सुंदर हैं।

जिसके पास [Abstract Noun] है, उसके पास [Result] है।

जिसके पास धैर्य है, उसके पास सफलता है।

वह [Noun] जिसके बारे में [Sentence].

वह बात जिसके बारे में मैंने सुना था।

वह [Noun] जिसके कारण [Consequence].

वह बारिश जिसके कारण मैच रद्द हुआ।

जिसके [Body Part] में [Quality] का वास है।

जिसके हृदय में दया का वास है।

वह [Concept] जिसके माध्यम से [Process].

वह तकनीक जिसके माध्यम से हम जुड़े हैं।

जिसके [Abstract Noun] को [Verb] करना [Adjective] है।

जिसके व्यक्तित्व को समझना कठिन है।

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

Cómo usarlo

frequency

Extremely high in both spoken and written Hindi.

Errores comunes

वह आदमी जिसका पास कार है। → वह आदमी जिसके पास कार है।
'Paas' requires the oblique form 'jiske'.
वह लड़का जिसका दोस्त यहाँ हैं। → वह लड़का जिसके दोस्त यहाँ हैं।
'Dost' is plural here (indicated by 'hain'), so 'jiske' is needed.
किसके पास पैसे हैं, वह खुश है। → जिसके पास पैसे हैं, वह खुश है।
'Kiske' is for questions; 'jiske' is for statements.
वह घर जिसका कमरों में... → वह घर जिसके कमरों में...
The postposition 'mein' makes the preceding possessive oblique.
वह औरत जिसके बेटी डॉक्टर है। → वह औरत जिसकी बेटी डॉक्टर है।
'Beti' is feminine, so 'jiski' must be used.

Consejos

The Postposition Rule

Always use 'jiske' if the next word is a postposition like 'paas', 'saath', 'liye', 'baare mein', or 'kaaran'.

Respect Matters

When talking about someone older or in a high position, always use 'jiske' instead of 'jiska' to sound polite.

Pairing

Try to pair 'jiske' with 'uske' in the next clause to make your Hindi sound more balanced and native.

Avoid 'Kiske'

Be careful not to use 'kiske' when you mean 'jiske'. 'Kiske' is only for asking questions.

Complex Sentences

Use 'jiske' to turn two simple sentences into one. It makes your writing look more advanced.

Context Clues

If you hear 'jiske', expect a description or a condition to follow immediately.

The 'J' Rule

Remember that almost all Hindi relative pronouns start with 'J' (Jo, Jiska, Jiske, Jinke).

Abstract Use

Don't just use 'jiske' for people. Use it for 'the company whose', 'the country whose', etc.

Plural Check

If the noun after 'whose' is plural (like kids, houses, books), 'jiske' is almost always the right choice.

Causality

Learn the phrase 'jiske kaaran' (due to which). It is incredibly useful for explaining things.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'Jis' as 'This person' and 'Ke' as 's' (apostrophe s). So 'Jiske' is 'This person's' in a relative sense.

Asociación visual

Imagine a bridge (Jiske) connecting a person on one side to their many belongings (plural) on the other side.

Word Web

Jo (Root) Jis (Oblique) Jiska (Singular) Jiski (Feminine) Jiske (Plural/Respect) Uske (Correlative) Kiske (Question) Jinke (Plural Owner)

Desafío

Try to write three sentences about your best friend using 'jiske saath' (with whom), 'jiske liye' (for whom), and 'jiske paas' (who has).

Origen de la palabra

Derived from the Sanskrit relative pronoun 'यस्य' (yasya), which is the genitive singular of 'यद्' (yad). Over centuries, through Prakrit and Apabhramsha, the 'y' sound shifted to 'j' in many Indo-Aryan languages.

Significado original: The original meaning in Sanskrit was 'of whom' or 'of which', serving the exact same relative possessive function as the modern Hindi word.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Indo-Aryan -> Central Zone -> Hindi-Urdu.

Contexto cultural

Always use 'jiske' for elders to avoid sounding disrespectful. Using 'jiska' for your father is a major social faux pas.

English speakers often struggle with 'jiske' because English uses 'whose' for everything. In Hindi, you must always check the gender and number of the 'owned' object.

The song 'Jiske aane se rangon mein' from the movie Diljale. The proverb 'Jiske paas lathi, uski bhains' used in countless political debates. Kabir's dohas (couplets) often use relative pronouns to describe the attributes of a true seeker.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Describing people

जिसके बाल (whose hair)
जिसके पिता (whose father)
जिसके दोस्त (whose friends)
जिसके पास (who has)

Explaining reasons

जिसके कारण (due to which)
जिसके चलते (because of which)
जिसके पीछे (behind which)
जिसके आधार पर (on the basis of which)

Socializing

जिसके साथ (with whom)
जिसके लिए (for whom)
जिसके बारे में (about whom)
जिसके घर (at whose house)

Academic/Formal

जिसके अंतर्गत (under which)
जिसके द्वारा (by which)
जिसके विरुद्ध (against which)
जिसके माध्यम से (through which)

Proverbs/Wisdom

जिसके पास (whoever has)
जिसके मन में (in whose mind)
जिसके भाग्य में (in whose fate)
जिसके सिर पर (on whose head)

Inicios de conversación

"क्या आप उस आदमी को जानते हैं जिसके पास नीली कार है?"

"वह फिल्म कौन सी है जिसके गाने आपको पसंद हैं?"

"उस शहर का नाम क्या है जिसके बाज़ार बहुत बड़े हैं?"

"क्या आपके पास वह किताब है जिसके बारे में सब बात कर रहे हैं?"

"वह कौन सा दोस्त है जिसके साथ आप सबसे ज़्यादा समय बिताते हैं?"

Temas para diario

उस व्यक्ति के बारे में लिखें जिसके विचारों ने आपको सबसे ज़्यादा प्रभावित किया है।

एक ऐसी जगह का वर्णन करें जिसके नज़ारे आपको आज भी याद हैं।

उस घटना के बारे में लिखें जिसके कारण आपकी ज़िंदगी बदल गई।

एक ऐसे दोस्त के बारे में लिखें जिसके साथ आपने बचपन बिताया।

उस किताब का ज़िक्र करें जिसके पन्ने आपने बार-बार पढ़े हैं।

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Only if you are using a postposition like 'paas' or 'saath'. If you are saying 'whose daughter', you must use 'jiski beti'. If you are saying 'the woman who has a car', you say 'voh aurat jiske paas car hai'.

'Jiske' refers to one owner (singular), while 'jinke' refers to multiple owners (plural). For example, 'the man whose sons' (jiske) vs 'the men whose sons' (jinke).

In Hindi, the word 'paas' is a postposition. Postpositions always force the preceding possessive pronoun into the oblique form, which for 'jiska' is 'jiske'.

Yes, it can mean 'of which'. For example, 'the tree whose leaves' is 'voh ped jiske patte'.

Even if a person has only one son, you would say 'jiske bete' if that person is an elder, like a grandfather, to show honorific respect.

Mostly, but 'jiske' is more specific about the gender and number of the object being owned, whereas 'whose' is the same for everything.

Yes, especially in proverbs or relative clauses. 'Jiske paas dhan hai...' (He who has wealth...).

It means 'due to which' or 'because of which'. It is used to link a cause to an effect.

Yes, it is very common in formal, legal, and academic Hindi to define relationships and conditions.

The correlative is usually 'uske' (his/its) or 'unke' (their/respectful his).