Formation of Futur II (Biti + Past Participle)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Futur II describes an action that will be completed before another future action or point in time.
- Use the perfective form of 'biti' (budem, budeš...) + l-participle.
- It is almost always used in subordinate clauses starting with 'ako', 'kad', or 'dok'.
- It expresses a future action that must finish before the main action starts.
Conjugation of 'Biti' for Futur II
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
1st
|
budem
|
budemo
|
|
2nd
|
budeš
|
budete
|
|
3rd
|
bude
|
budu
|
Meanings
Futur II is used to express an action that will be completed in the future before another future event. It is primarily used in dependent clauses.
Future completion
Action finished before another future action.
“Kad budem kupio kruh, doći ću.”
“Ako budeš učio, položit ćeš.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
budem + l-participle
|
Kad budem radio...
|
|
Negative
|
ne budem + l-participle
|
Ako ne budem radio...
|
|
Question
|
budem li + l-participle
|
Budem li radio...?
|
|
Short Answer
|
budem / ne budem
|
Hoćeš li? - Budem.
|
طیف رسمیت
Kada budem završio, nazvat ću Vas. (Professional vs. casual)
Kad budem završio, nazvat ću te. (Professional vs. casual)
Kad završim, zovem. (Professional vs. casual)
Kad riješim, zovem. (Professional vs. casual)
Futur II Usage
Triggers
- kad when
- ako if
- dok while/until
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Kad budem gotov, idem.
When I am finished, I go.
Ako budem imao vremena, doći ću.
If I have time, I will come.
Kad budemo stigli u Zagreb, nazvat ćemo vas.
When we have arrived in Zagreb, we will call you.
Dok ne budem pročitao knjigu, neću je vratiti.
Until I have read the book, I won't return it.
Budem li završio projekt na vrijeme, dobit ću bonus.
If I finish the project on time, I will get a bonus.
Čim budemo bili obaviješteni o ishodu, postupit ćemo prema protokolu.
As soon as we have been informed of the outcome, we will act according to protocol.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use Futur I in subordinate clauses where Futur II is required.
Present tense is often used for future, making Futur II seem redundant.
Mixing 'bi' with 'budem'.
اشتباهات رایج
Kad ću doći, zovem.
Kad budem došao, zovem.
Ako ću imati...
Ako budem imao...
Budem radim.
Budem radio.
Kad budem raditi.
Kad budem radio.
Dok budem ću raditi.
Dok budem radio.
Ako budeš kupiš.
Ako budeš kupio.
Kad budem stigao, ću te zvati.
Kad budem stigao, zvat ću te.
Kad budem bio radio.
Kad budem radio.
Ako bi bio radio.
Ako budem radio.
Kad budem završiti.
Kad budem završio.
Kad budemo bili završili.
Kad budemo završili.
Budem li bio uradio.
Budem li uradio.
Ako budem imao bio.
Ako budem imao.
Kad budem bio došao.
Kad budem došao.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Kad ___ ___, nazvat ću te.
Ako ___ ___, bit će super.
Dok ___ ___, neću ići.
___ li ___, javi mi.
Real World Usage
Kad budem stigao u hotel, javit ću se.
Ako budem završio izvještaj, poslat ću ga.
Kad budem gotov, vidimo se.
Kad budem platio, dostavit će hranu.
Ako budem primljen, radit ću naporno.
Kad budem objavio sliku, vidjet ćete.
Focus on 'Kad'
Avoid Futur I
Perfective verbs
Spoken vs Written
Smart Tips
Use 'kad' + Futur II.
Use 'ako' + Futur II.
Use 'dok' + Futur II.
Use 'Budem li'.
تلفظ
Stress
The stress remains on the l-participle.
Rising
Budem li radio?
Questioning tone
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think 'BU-DEM' (I will be) + the action. It's the 'I will be done' tense.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a finish line. You are running toward it. 'Budem' is the flag waving once you cross it.
Rhyme
Kad budem stigao, sve ću ti ispričao.
Story
Marko is planning a trip. He says: 'When I have packed (kad budem spakirao), I will leave. If I have bought (ako budem kupio) the ticket, I will go.' He uses Futur II for every step before the trip.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 3 sentences about what you will have done by tomorrow evening using 'kad'.
نکات فرهنگی
Futur II is standard in all formal writing and educated speech.
Often simplified to present tense in very casual speech.
Uses Futur II correctly but often uses 'kad' + present for simple future.
Derived from the auxiliary verb 'biti' (to be) in the future tense combined with the l-participle.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Što ćeš raditi kad budem došao?
Ako budem imao vremena, hoćeš li ići sa mnom?
Što ćeš napraviti čim budemo završili sastanak?
Budem li ti pomogao, hoćeš li biti sretan?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
Kad ___ (biti) stigao, nazovi me.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ako ću kupiti kruh, doći ću.
Kad kupim kruh, doći ću.
A: Hoćeš li doći? B: ___.
budem / kad / stigao / nazovi / me
Which is Futur II?
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesKad ___ (biti) stigao, nazovi me.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ako ću kupiti kruh, doći ću.
Kad kupim kruh, doći ću.
A: Hoćeš li doći? B: ___.
budem / kad / stigao / nazovi / me
Which is Futur II?
Kad budem...
Score: /8
سوالات متداول (8)
No, it is almost exclusively used in subordinate clauses.
Yes, it usually requires perfective verbs to show completion.
It will sound like you are using the wrong tense, though people will understand you.
It is standard, but some dialects prefer simpler forms.
Put 'ne' before 'budem'.
Yes, especially when making plans.
Yes, 'dok ne budem' is very common.
The formation is easy, but the usage requires practice.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Futur II
Croatian is more restricted to subordinate clauses.
Futur Antérieur
French uses it in more contexts than Croatian.
Futuro Compuesto
Spanish is less common in daily speech.
Future Perfect
Grammatical structure is entirely different.
Future Perfect
Arabic is highly synthetic.
Future Perfect
No conjugation in Chinese.
