شاد
شاد en 30 secondes
- Shād is a common Persian adjective meaning 'happy' or 'joyful'.
- It is used for people, music, colors, and general atmospheres.
- While similar to 'khosh-hāl', it often carries a more radiant or formal tone.
- It is a key word in Persian celebrations, poetry, and daily well-wishes.
The Persian word شاد (shād) is a foundational adjective in the Persian language, primarily used to describe a state of happiness, joy, or cheerfulness. Rooted in Middle Persian and Old Persian, it carries a sense of lightness and positive emotional energy. Unlike some other words for happiness that might imply a temporary state of excitement, 'shād' often refers to a more profound or radiant sense of well-being. It is the root for many other important words, such as 'shādi' (happiness/joy) and 'shādmān' (joyful). In the context of Persian culture, being 'shād' is not just a personal feeling but often a social expectation during celebrations, festivals like Nowruz, and family gatherings. It is a word that resonates with the poetic tradition of Iran, where the contrast between 'shād' (happy) and 'ghamgin' (sad) forms a central theme of human existence.
- Core Definition
- A state of feeling or showing pleasure or contentment; joyful and vibrant in spirit.
امروز من خیلی شاد هستم چون دوستم را دیدم.
When we look at the word 'shād', we see it appearing in various compound verbs and expressions. For example, 'shād kardan' means to make someone happy. This reflects the transitive nature of joy in Persian culture—it is something to be shared and bestowed upon others. The word also appears in historical names and titles, signifying a legacy of prosperity and good fortune. In modern usage, you will find it in the names of schools, software (like the SHAD app for Iranian students), and music genres (mousiqi-ye shād), which refers to upbeat, danceable music played at weddings and parties.
- Emotional Nuance
- It implies a brightness of soul, often associated with light and spring in Persian literature.
دلش شاد و لبش خندان است.
Furthermore, the word 'shād' is intrinsically linked to the concept of 'shādmāni', which is the collective celebration of joy. In Persian philosophy, particularly in the works of Rumi and Hafez, 'shād' is often the result of spiritual realization or the presence of the beloved. It is not merely the absence of pain but a proactive state of being that defies the hardships of the world. Understanding 'shād' requires an appreciation for the Persian 'joie de vivre', which persists even through historical turbulence. It is a resilient happiness.
- Synonym Comparison
- While 'khosh-hāl' is 'happy', 'shād' is more 'joyful' or 'radiant'.
موسیقی شاد در عروسی نواخته شد.
با دلی شاد به استقبال بهار رفتیم.
زندگی شاد آرزوی هر انسانی است.
Using the word شاد (shād) correctly involves understanding its grammatical placement and its common collocations. As an adjective, it can follow the noun it modifies using the Ezafe construction (e.g., 'chehre-ye shād' - a happy face) or it can function as a predicate in a sentence (e.g., 'u shād ast' - he/she is happy). It is important to note that while 'shād' is versatile, it often leans towards a more literary or formal tone compared to 'khosh-hāl'. However, in specific contexts like music or describing a person's general disposition, it is very common in spoken Persian as well.
- Grammatical Role
- Adjective (can be used with 'shodan' to become happy or 'kardan' to make happy).
او از شنیدن خبر شاد شد.
In terms of word formation, 'shād' is a highly productive root. By adding the suffix '-i', you get the noun 'shādi' (happiness). By adding '-mān', you get 'shādmān', which is an intensified version of joyful. You will also see it in compound names like 'Shād-mehr' or 'Shād-i'. When used in the negative, 'nā-shād' (unhappy) is possible, though 'ghamgin' is much more frequent. In the imperative, 'shād bāsh' (be happy) is a common greeting or well-wish, especially in older texts or formal speeches.
- Common Verb Pairings
- Shād zistan (to live happily), Shād budan (to be happy), Shād gardidan (to become happy - formal).
سعی کن همیشه شاد زندگی کنی.
Another interesting usage is in the context of colors. While not a color itself, 'shād' is often used to describe bright, vibrant colors. 'Rang-hā-ye shād' refers to colors like pink, bright yellow, or turquoise, which are seen as uplifting. This is a common phrase when shopping for clothes or home decor. If a room is painted in dark colors, an Iranian might suggest using 'rang-hā-ye shād' to change the mood. This demonstrates how the word transcends internal emotion to describe the external environment.
- Environmental Usage
- Describing bright colors or lively atmospheres.
او همیشه لباسهای شاد میپوشد.
محیط کار باید شاد باشد.
بچهها با بازی کردن شاد میشوند.
The word شاد (shād) is ubiquitous in Persian culture, appearing in everything from classical poetry to modern pop music. If you attend a Persian wedding (aroosi), you will undoubtedly hear the term 'mousiqi-ye shād' used to describe the upbeat songs that get everyone on the dance floor. It is also a staple in the language of celebration. During Nowruz, the Persian New Year, the phrase 'Eyd-e shomā mobārak va diletān shād' (Happy New Year and may your heart be joyful) is a standard greeting. This shows that 'shād' is often associated with the 'heart' (del) in Persian idiom.
- Social Contexts
- Weddings, New Year celebrations, birthday parties, and musical performances.
بیا یک آهنگ شاد بگذاریم.
In literature, 'shād' is a favorite of poets like Ferdowsi, Saadi, and Hafez. It is frequently contrasted with 'gham' (sorrow) or 'dard' (pain). For instance, a famous line might suggest that one should remain 'shād' despite the fickleness of fate. In classical music (mousiqi-ye sonnati), while much of the repertoire can be melancholic, there are specific rhythmic pieces called 'reng' that are described as 'shād'. Listening to these provides a glimpse into the traditional Iranian expression of joy—disciplined yet vibrant.
- Literary Usage
- Used to describe the state of the soul or the presence of the beloved in mystical poetry.
چو شاد باشی، جهان بر تو شاد گردد.
In daily life, you might hear a parent telling their child, 'Shād bāshi' (May you be happy) as a way of saying thank you or goodbye. It is a very warm and sincere wish. In the workplace, a 'mohit-e shād' (happy environment) is often cited as a goal for productivity. Even in news broadcasts, when reporting on festivals or national successes, the word 'shād' is used to describe the public mood. It is a word that bridges the gap between the high-brow literary world and the everyday reality of the Iranian people.
- Everyday Phrases
- 'Lab-e shād' (happy lips/smile), 'Ruh-e shād' (happy spirit).
او با لبخندی شاد وارد اتاق شد.
همه مردم از این پیروزی شاد بودند.
گلهای بهاری منظرهای شاد ایجاد کردهاند.
While شاد (shād) is a relatively simple word, learners often confuse it with other terms for happiness or use it in contexts where a different word would be more natural. The most common confusion is between 'shād' and 'khosh-hāl'. While they are often interchangeable, 'khosh-hāl' is the standard word for 'happy' in almost all conversational settings. If you say 'Man shād hastam' instead of 'Man khosh-hālam' in a casual conversation, you might sound slightly poetic or formal, like saying 'I am joyful' instead of 'I am happy' in English.
- Shād vs. Khosh-hāl
- 'Khosh-hāl' is for general happiness; 'shād' is for a more radiant, character-based, or formal joy.
اشتباه: من شاد هستم که تو را میبینم. (Better: خوشحالم)
Another mistake is confusing 'shād' with 'khosh-bakht'. 'Khosh-bakht' means 'happy' in the sense of being fortunate or having a happy life (prosperous). You wouldn't use 'shād' to describe a 'happy marriage' in a general sense; 'ezdevāj-e movaffagh' (successful marriage) or 'zendegi-ye khosh-bakht' is more common. 'Shād' is more about the immediate or inherent vibrance. Additionally, learners sometimes forget the Ezafe when using 'shād' as an attribute. It must be 'rang-e shād' (vibrant color), not just 'rang shād'.
- Shād vs. Khosh-bakht
- 'Khosh-bakht' refers to long-term fortune/happiness; 'shād' refers to the state of joy.
او زندگی شادی دارد. (Correct, but 'khosh-bakht' implies more depth of fortune).
Finally, be careful with the word 'shādāb'. While related, 'shādāb' means 'fresh', 'succulent', or 'lively' (often used for plants or skin). Using 'shād' when you mean 'shādāb' to describe a garden might miss the nuance of the plants being well-watered and healthy. Conversely, using 'shādāb' for a person's mood is possible but specifically implies they look refreshed and energetic. Stick to 'shād' for the emotion and 'shādāb' for the appearance of health and freshness.
- Shād vs. Shādāb
- 'Shād' is emotional joy; 'shādāb' is physical freshness/vitality.
گلها بعد از باران شاداب شدند.
او همیشه با چهرهای شاد حرف میزند.
موسیقی شاد روح را تازه میکند.
Persian has a rich vocabulary for positive emotions, and understanding the synonyms of شاد (shād) can greatly enhance your expression. The most direct synonym is 'khosh-hāl' (happy), which is used in 90% of daily situations. However, if you want to sound more sophisticated or precise, you might use 'masrur' (delighted/glad), which is quite formal and often used in writing. Another beautiful word is 'khandān' (laughing/cheerful), which specifically describes someone whose joy is visible through their smile or laughter.
- Comparison: Shād vs. Masrur
- 'Shād' is a general state of joy; 'masrur' is a formal, often intellectual or situational delight.
پادشاه از شنیدن این خبر بسیار مسرور گشت.
For a more intense version of joy, you can use 'shādmān' or 'ba-neshāt' (lively/full of energy). 'Ba-neshāt' is particularly common when describing an active, energetic kind of happiness, often associated with youth or a healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, 'khosh-vaght' is a specific kind of 'happy' used almost exclusively when meeting someone for the first time ('Az didane shomā khosh-vaghtam' - I am happy/honored to meet you). You would never use 'shād' in this greeting.
- Comparison: Shād vs. Ba-neshāt
- 'Shād' is the feeling; 'ba-neshāt' is the lively energy that comes with it.
ورزشکاران همیشه بانشاط هستند.
Lastly, consider 'khorram' and 'shādmān'. 'Khorram' is a poetic word that means 'happy and green' or 'flourishing'. It is often used to describe a happy heart or a beautiful, lush landscape. It carries a sense of peace and prosperity. 'Shādmān' is simply a more emphatic form of 'shād', often used in storytelling to describe a character's reaction to a great success. By choosing the right synonym, you can convey the exact shade of happiness you intend, from the simple 'khosh-hāl' to the poetic 'khorram'.
- Comparison: Shād vs. Khorram
- 'Shād' is the standard joy; 'khorram' is a poetic, flourishing happiness.
روزگارت خرم و دلت شاد باد.
او با دلی شادمان به خانه برگشت.
باغ در بهار بسیار خرم است.
How Formal Is It?
Niveau de difficulté
Grammaire à connaître
Ezafe construction
Adjective-noun agreement
Compound verbs with 'kardan' and 'shodan'
Comparative and superlative suffixes
Subjunctive mood for wishes
Exemples par niveau
من شاد هستم.
I am happy.
Simple subject + adjective + verb.
او یک دختر شاد است.
She is a happy girl.
Adjective modifying a noun with Ezafe.
امروز هوا شاد است.
The weather is 'happy' (bright/pleasant).
Metaphorical use for weather.
دوست من شاد است.
My friend is happy.
Possessive + adjective.
ما شاد هستیم.
We are happy.
Plural subject.
این کتاب شاد است.
This book is happy (cheerful).
Describing an object.
آیا تو شاد هستی؟
Are you happy?
Question form.
آنها شاد نیستند.
They are not happy.
Negative form.
او از دیدن تو شاد شد.
He became happy from seeing you.
Using 'shād' with the verb 'shodan'.
موسیقی شاد گوش بده.
Listen to happy music.
Imperative mood.
این هدیه مرا شاد کرد.
This gift made me happy.
Using 'shād' with the verb 'kardan'.
بچهها در پارک شاد هستند.
The children are happy in the park.
Locative phrase.
او همیشه چهرهای شاد دارد.
He always has a happy face.
Using 'dāshtan' with a noun-adjective pair.
ما با هم خیلی شاد بودیم.
We were very happy together.
Past tense.
لباسهای شاد بپوش.
Wear happy (bright) clothes.
Plural noun with Ezafe.
او از موفقیتش شاد است.
She is happy about her success.
Prepositional phrase 'az'.
روحش شاد و یادش گرامی باد.
May his soul be happy and his memory be honored.
Formal wish for the deceased.
او با دلی شاد به استقبال سال نو رفت.
With a happy heart, he went to welcome the New Year.
Idiomatic use of 'del' (heart).
این فیلم فضای بسیار شادی دارد.
This movie has a very happy atmosphere.
Describing 'fazā' (atmosphere).
امیدوارم همیشه شاد و سلامت باشی.
I hope you are always happy and healthy.
Subjunctive mood after 'omidvāram'.
او یک زندگی شاد و آرام دارد.
He has a happy and peaceful life.
Compound adjectives.
خبر پیروزی تیم ملی همه را شاد کرد.
The news of the national team's victory made everyone happy.
Causative construction.
او با لحنی شاد داستان را تعریف کرد.
He told the story with a happy tone.
Describing 'lahn' (tone).
شادی حق تمام انسانهاست.
Happiness is the right of all humans.
Noun form 'shādi'.
در ادبیات فارسی، شاد زیستن یک هنر است.
In Persian literature, living happily is an art.
Infinitive phrase as a subject.
او علیرغم مشکلات، سعی میکند شاد بماند.
Despite problems, he tries to remain happy.
Using 'māndan' (to remain).
رنگهای شاد در نقاشیهای او موج میزند.
Happy colors are abundant in his paintings.
Metaphorical verb 'mowj zadan'.
او با شنیدن این خبر، شادمانه به خانه دوید.
Upon hearing this news, he ran home joyfully.
Adverbial form 'shādmāne'.
جامعهای شاد، جامعهای پویا و موفق است.
A happy society is a dynamic and successful society.
Generic statements.
او از اینکه توانسته بود به دیگران کمک کند، شاد بود.
He was happy that he had been able to help others.
Complex clause with 'az inke'.
نوروز نماد شادی و نوزایی است.
Nowruz is a symbol of joy and rebirth.
Abstract nouns.
او با لبخندی شاد، به تمام سوالات پاسخ داد.
With a happy smile, he answered all the questions.
Prepositional phrase describing manner.
حافظ میفرماید: «دلت شاد و لبت خندان بماند».
Hafez says: 'May your heart remain happy and your lips smiling'.
Quoting classical poetry.
مفهوم شادی در عرفان ایرانی با لذتهای گذرا متفاوت است.
The concept of joy in Iranian mysticism is different from fleeting pleasures.
Academic/Philosophical register.
او با روحیهای شاداب و پرانرژی به استقبال چالشها میرود.
With a fresh and energetic spirit, he welcomes challenges.
Using 'shādāb' as a synonym.
ترانههای شاد محلی، بخشی از هویت فرهنگی ما هستند.
Happy local folk songs are part of our cultural identity.
Compound nouns and adjectives.
او در نوشتههایش، دنیایی شاد و آرمانی را ترسیم میکند.
In his writings, he depicts a happy and idealistic world.
Literary analysis.
حفظ روحیه شاد در دوران سختی، نشانهی قدرت درونی است.
Maintaining a happy spirit during hard times is a sign of inner strength.
Gerund phrase as a subject.
او با بیانی شاد و طنزآمیز، مسائل جدی را نقد میکند.
With a happy and humorous expression, he criticizes serious issues.
Describing style of communication.
تجلی شادی در معماری سنتی ایران با استفاده از نور و رنگ مشهود است.
The manifestation of joy in traditional Iranian architecture is evident through light and color.
Formal academic structure.
فلسفهی خیام بر غنیمت شمردن دم و شاد زیستن استوار است.
Khayyam's philosophy is based on seizing the moment and living joyfully.
Complex philosophical summary.
او چنان شادمان گشت که گویی تمام جهان را به او دادهاند.
He became so joyful as if the whole world had been given to him.
Subjunctive and conditional mood.
در این اثر، تضاد میان دیالکتیک غم و شادمانی به اوج میرسد.
In this work, the contrast between the dialectic of sorrow and joy reaches its peak.
High-level literary criticism.
او با دلی فارغ از غم و لبی شاد، به سیر و سفر در آفاق پرداخت.
With a heart free of sorrow and happy lips, he set out to travel the horizons.
Archaic and poetic phrasing.
شادی درونی او، پرتوی از آرامش به اطرافیان میبخشید.
His inner joy radiated a beam of peace to those around him.
Metaphorical usage.
او با نگاهی شاد و امیدوار، به افقهای دوردست چشم دوخته بود.
With a happy and hopeful gaze, he stared at distant horizons.
Descriptive narrative style.
ساختار شکنی مفهوم شادی در سینمای مدرن، موضوع رسالهی او بود.
The deconstruction of the concept of joy in modern cinema was the subject of his thesis.
Advanced academic terminology.
او با طنزی رندانه و روحیهای شاد، ناملایمات روزگار را به بازی میگرفت.
With clever irony and a happy spirit, he toyed with the hardships of the times.
Nuanced character description.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
Souvent confondu avec
Expressions idiomatiques
Facile à confondre
Structures de phrases
Comment l'utiliser
Shād is more about a radiant state, while khosh-hāl is a general feeling.
Very common in compound names and titles.
Shād is slightly more formal/literary than khosh-hāl.
- Using 'shād' instead of 'khosh-hāl' in very casual settings.
- Forgetting the Ezafe: 'rang shād' instead of 'rang-e shād'.
- Using 'shād' to mean 'lucky' (use 'khosh-shāns').
- Confusing the noun 'shādi' with the adjective 'shād'.
- Using 'shād' for 'fresh' (use 'shādāb' for plants/skin).
Astuces
Learn the Root
Learn 'shād' first, then 'shādi' and 'shādmān' will be much easier to remember.
Use in Greetings
Try saying 'Dilet shād' to an Iranian friend; they will appreciate the poetic touch.
Ezafe Check
Always remember the Ezafe when 'shād' follows a noun, like 'lebas-e shād'.
Tone Matters
Say 'shād' with a bright tone to match its meaning!
Song Lyrics
Look for the word 'shād' in the lyrics of Andy or Mansour's songs.
Formal Letters
In formal letters, use 'masrur' or 'shādmān' for a higher register.
Opposites
Memorize 'shād' and 'ghamgin' together as a pair.
Bright Colors
When shopping in Iran, ask for 'rang-e shād' if you want something vibrant.
Condolences
Remember 'Ruhash shād' is for the deceased, not for someone who is sick.
Long A
Don't shorten the 'ā' sound; it's the most important part of the word.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'Shad' as a 'Shadow' that is filled with light and joy instead of darkness.
Origine du mot
Middle Persian
Contexte culturel
'Mousiqi-ye shād' is a specific genre of upbeat music.
Wishing someone 'shād bāshi' is a sign of good manners.
Nowruz is the ultimate time for 'shādi'.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Amorces de conversation
"چی تو رو شاد میکنه؟ (What makes you happy?)"
"آخرین بار کی خیلی شاد بودی؟ (When was the last time you were very happy?)"
"آیا موسیقی شاد دوست داری؟ (Do you like happy music?)"
"چطور میتونیم جامعه شادی داشته باشیم؟ (How can we have a happy society?)"
"یک خاطره شاد برام تعریف کن. (Tell me a happy memory.)"
Sujets d'écriture
امروز چه چیزی مرا شاد کرد؟ (What made me happy today?)
تعریف من از یک زندگی شاد چیست؟ (What is my definition of a happy life?)
چگونه میتوانم دیگران را شاد کنم؟ (How can I make others happy?)
نقش شادی در سلامتی چیست؟ (What is the role of happiness in health?)
یک روز شاد را توصیف کنید. (Describe a happy day.)
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsBoth mean happy, but 'khosh-hāl' is more common in daily speech, while 'shād' is more radiant, character-based, or used in formal/poetic contexts.
It's better to use 'ezdevāj-e movaffagh' (successful) or 'zendegi-ye khosh-bakht' (prosperous/happy life), though 'shād' is not wrong.
Yes, 'Shād' or compounds like 'Shādi' and 'Shādmehr' are common Persian names.
It means 'May his/her soul be happy', used as a respectful way to remember someone who has died.
You say 'Shād shodam' or more commonly 'Khosh-hāl shodam'.
Yes, 'rang-hā-ye shād' refers to bright, vibrant, and uplifting colors.
It refers to upbeat, danceable music, usually played at celebrations like weddings.
The word itself is Persian, but Arabic equivalents like 'farah' are used in the Quran. In Persian translations, 'shād' is often used.
Yes, you can describe a 'sag-e shād' (a happy dog).
Yes, 'nā-shād', but 'ghamgin' (sad) is much more common.
Teste-toi 180 questions
Write a sentence using 'shād' to describe yourself.
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Write a sentence using 'shād' and 'mousiqi'.
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Write a well-wish using 'shād'.
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Describe a happy memory in 3 sentences using 'shād'.
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Explain the difference between 'shād' and 'khosh-hāl'.
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Write a sentence with 'shād kardan'.
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Write a sentence with 'shād shodan'.
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Use 'rang-e shād' in a sentence about clothes.
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Write a sentence with 'ruhash shād'.
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Write a short paragraph about Nowruz using 'shād'.
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Use 'shādmāne' in a sentence.
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Write a sentence with 'shād-tarin'.
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Use 'shādāb' to describe a garden.
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Write a sentence with 'del-shād'.
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Write a formal sentence using 'masrur'.
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Describe a happy atmosphere in a workplace.
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Write a sentence with 'shād زیستن'.
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Use 'shād' to describe a movie.
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Write a sentence with 'shādi' as the subject.
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Write a sentence with 'nā-shād'.
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Say 'I am happy' in Persian.
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Say 'Happy music' in Persian.
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Wish someone happiness using 'shād bāshi'.
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Say 'May his soul be happy'.
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Say 'I became happy from the news'.
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Say 'Bright colors' using 'shād'.
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Say 'He is a happy person'.
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Say 'Happy New Year' with a wish for joy.
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Say 'We were happy together'.
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Say 'Happiness is important'.
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Say 'I want a happy life'.
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Say 'She has a happy face'.
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Say 'The children are happy'.
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Say 'Don't be unhappy'.
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Say 'I am very delighted' (formal).
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Say 'Let's listen to a happy song'.
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Say 'The garden is fresh'.
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Say 'He ran joyfully'.
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Say 'Your heart be happy'.
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Say 'This is the happiest day'.
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Listen and identify 'shād' in the sentence: 'Emruz kheyli shād hastam.'
Listen: 'Mousiqi-ye shād bezan.' What should be played?
Listen: 'Ruhash shād.' What is the context?
Listen: 'Dilet shād bāshe.' What is the speaker doing?
Listen: 'Rang-e shād entekhāb kon.' What should be chosen?
Listen: 'U shādmān bargasht.' How did he return?
Listen: 'Bachche-ye shād.' Who is being described?
Listen: 'Shādi-ye mā.' What belongs to us?
Listen: 'In khabar shādam kard.' What did the news do?
Listen: 'Mohit-e shād.' What kind of place is it?
Listen: 'Shād bāshi.' What is the phrase?
Listen: 'Lebas-e shād.' What is it?
Listen: 'Zendegi-ye shād.' What is it?
Listen: 'Shād-tarin ensān.' Who is it?
Listen: 'Shādāb va sar-zende.' How is the person?
Write 'Be happy' in Persian.
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Summary
The word 'shād' is the heart of Persian joy. Use it to describe vibrant emotions, upbeat music, and bright colors. Example: 'Zendegi-ye shād' (A happy life).
- Shād is a common Persian adjective meaning 'happy' or 'joyful'.
- It is used for people, music, colors, and general atmospheres.
- While similar to 'khosh-hāl', it often carries a more radiant or formal tone.
- It is a key word in Persian celebrations, poetry, and daily well-wishes.
Learn the Root
Learn 'shād' first, then 'shādi' and 'shādmān' will be much easier to remember.
Use in Greetings
Try saying 'Dilet shād' to an Iranian friend; they will appreciate the poetic touch.
Ezafe Check
Always remember the Ezafe when 'shād' follows a noun, like 'lebas-e shād'.
Tone Matters
Say 'shād' with a bright tone to match its meaning!
Exemple
او همیشه شاد است.
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Expressions liées
Plus de mots sur emotions
عاشق
A1Être amoureux de quelqu'un ou passionné par quelque chose.
عاشق بودن
A2Être amoureux de quelqu'un ou de quelque chose.
عاشق شدن
A2Tomber amoureux de quelqu'un.
عاشقانه
B1D'une manière amoureuse ou romantique.
عاطفه
A2Affection, sentiment tendre. Elle a beaucoup d'affection pour ses enfants.
اعتقاد
A2Une croyance ou une conviction forte. Par exemple: 'Il a une croyance profonde en la justice.' (او اعتقاد عمیقی به عدالت دارد.)
اعتماد
A2Trust, confidence, reliance.
اعتماد کردن
A2To trust; to rely on.
عجب
B1Une exclamation d'émerveillement ou de surprise ; comme c'est étrange !
عجول
A1Impatient; une personne qui a tendance à être rapidement irritée par l'attente ou qui agit avec précipitation.