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A2 verb #2,000 le plus courant 13 min de lecture

वर्णन करना

to describe, to narrate

varnan karna
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Hindi language. The primary focus is on basic survival vocabulary, simple greetings, and fundamental sentence structures. Therefore, the complex conjunct verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is generally not an active part of an A1 student's vocabulary. It is considered too formal and structurally complex for this stage. Instead, A1 learners rely heavily on simpler, more direct verbs like बताना (batānā - to tell), कहना (kahnā - to say), and बोलना (bolnā - to speak). For example, if an A1 learner wants to talk about their house, they will use simple descriptive sentences like 'मेरा घर बड़ा है' (My house is big) rather than attempting to say 'मैं अपने घर का वर्णन करूँगा' (I will describe my house). However, while A1 learners may not use this verb actively, they might begin to encounter it passively. They might hear it in formal announcements, on television news, or from their teachers. A teacher might say, 'चित्र का वर्णन करो' (Describe the picture) as an instruction. At this stage, the goal is simply recognition. Learners should understand that when they hear 'वर्णन', it means someone is asking for details or a description. They do not need to worry about the complex grammar rules associated with it, such as the use of the genitive postposition 'का' or the ergative 'ने' in the past tense. The focus remains on building a foundation of basic nouns, adjectives, and simple verbs. As they progress towards the end of the A1 level and start forming slightly longer sentences, they might be introduced to the concept of conjunct verbs (noun + करना), which will lay the groundwork for understanding 'वर्णन करना' in the future. Until then, passive recognition and reliance on simpler synonyms are the key strategies for A1 learners regarding this specific vocabulary item.
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Reaching the A2 level marks a significant step in a learner's ability to communicate in Hindi. At this stage, learners move beyond simple, isolated sentences and begin to connect ideas, describe their environment, and narrate past events in a basic manner. This is the perfect time to actively introduce and practice the verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā). While बताना (batānā) is still used for simple facts, A2 learners are encouraged to use वर्णन करना when they need to provide more detail. For instance, a common A2 exercise is to describe a daily routine, a favorite vacation, or a family member. Here, the verb becomes highly relevant. The most crucial grammatical concept to master at this level is the use of the postposition 'का' (kā) to link the object to the verb. A2 learners must practice saying 'मेरे शहर का वर्णन' (description of my city) instead of incorrectly using 'को' (ko). They will practice sentences like 'मैं अपने स्कूल का वर्णन कर सकता हूँ' (I can describe my school). Furthermore, A2 learners will start using this verb in different basic tenses, primarily the present simple, present continuous, and future simple. The past perfective tense (using 'ने') might still be a bit challenging, but it is introduced at this stage. Teachers will often use prompts like 'कल आपने क्या किया, उसका वर्णन करें' (Describe what you did yesterday). This pushes the learner to use descriptive adjectives and sequence words (first, then, after that) in conjunction with the verb. By the end of the A2 level, learners should feel comfortable using वर्णन करना in structured, familiar contexts, recognizing it as the standard way to initiate a detailed explanation or narrative in Hindi. It becomes a key tool for expanding their conversational stamina and expressive capabilities.
At the B1 level, learners are considered independent users of the language. They can handle most situations likely to arise while traveling in an area where Hindi is spoken and can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest. Consequently, the use of वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) becomes much more frequent, natural, and grammatically accurate. B1 learners are expected to narrate stories, describe experiences, and explain the plots of books or movies. In these contexts, 'वर्णन करना' is the exact verb required. They will confidently use sentences like 'उसने अपनी यात्रा का बहुत सुंदर वर्णन किया' (He described his journey very beautifully). A major focus at the B1 level is mastering the past perfective tense with transitive verbs. Learners must consistently and correctly apply the ergative marker 'ने' (ne) with the subject when using 'वर्णन करना' in the past tense. They must internalize that it is always 'मैंने वर्णन किया' (I described) or 'उसने वर्णन किया' (He/She described), ensuring the verb 'किया' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'वर्णन'. Furthermore, B1 learners start to pair this verb with adverbs to add nuance to their speech. They will use phrases like 'विस्तार से वर्णन करना' (to describe in detail) or 'संक्षेप में वर्णन करना' (to describe briefly). They also begin to understand the subtle differences between 'वर्णन करना' and its synonyms like 'व्याख्या करना' (to explain) or 'विवरण देना' (to give details), choosing the appropriate word based on the context. The verb is no longer just a vocabulary word to be memorized; it is an active, flexible tool used to structure narratives, share personal histories, and engage in more meaningful, detailed conversations with native speakers. It marks a transition from merely exchanging information to truly sharing experiences.
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The B2 level represents a high degree of fluency and spontaneity. Learners at this stage can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics and can interact with native speakers with a degree of fluency that makes regular interaction quite possible without strain for either party. For a B2 learner, वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is a fully integrated part of their active vocabulary, used with precision and sophisticated grammar. At this level, the focus shifts from basic personal narratives to describing abstract concepts, complex processes, and detailed hypothetical situations. A B2 learner might be asked to describe the economic impact of a policy, the emotional depth of a character in a novel, or the intricate details of a cultural festival. They will use complex sentence structures, including relative clauses and passive voice, in conjunction with this verb. For example, 'जिस तरीके से लेखक ने समाज की समस्याओं का वर्णन किया है, वह काबिले तारीफ है' (The way the author has described the problems of society is praiseworthy). They will also comfortably use the passive construction: 'इस रिपोर्ट में घटना का विस्तार से वर्णन किया गया है' (The incident has been described in detail in this report). B2 learners are highly aware of register and will naturally choose 'वर्णन करना' in formal, academic, or professional settings, while perhaps reverting to simpler verbs in highly informal slang. They also expand their vocabulary of descriptive adjectives and adverbs, allowing them to 'वर्णन करना' with vivid imagery and emotional resonance. The verb becomes a vehicle for expressing opinions, analyzing situations, and participating in debates. Errors with postpositions ('का') or the ergative 'ने' are rare at this stage. The mastery of this verb at the B2 level demonstrates a strong command of Hindi syntax and the ability to articulate complex thoughts clearly and comprehensively.
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At the C1 level, learners possess an advanced, operational proficiency in Hindi. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions, and they can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. For a C1 user, the verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is utilized with literary flair, rhetorical precision, and a deep understanding of cultural nuances. They do not merely describe; they paint vivid, evocative pictures with their words. In academic and professional discourse, a C1 learner uses this verb to present detailed analyses, comprehensive reports, and nuanced arguments. They might say, 'शोधकर्ता ने अपने निष्कर्षों का अत्यंत सूक्ष्मता से वर्णन किया है' (The researcher has described their findings with extreme subtlety). In literary contexts, they can appreciate and produce texts where the 'वर्णन' (description) is the central artistic element. They understand the difference between a dry, factual description and a poetic, emotive one. They will seamlessly integrate advanced vocabulary, idioms, and complex grammatical structures to enhance their descriptions. Furthermore, C1 learners are adept at using related nominal forms and derivatives, such as 'वर्णनात्मक' (descriptive - e.g., वर्णनात्मक निबंध / descriptive essay) or 'अकथनीय' (indescribable - something that defies वर्णन). They can critically analyze how different authors or speakers use description to manipulate tone, establish setting, or develop character. They can easily switch between synonyms like 'चित्रण करना' (to depict), 'बयान करना' (to narrate), and 'उल्लेख करना' (to mention) based on the most subtle requirements of context and style. At this level, the mechanical rules of grammar (like the use of 'का' or 'ने') are completely subconscious. The focus is entirely on the stylistic and pragmatic impact of the description, using the verb as a sophisticated tool for advanced communication and artistic expression.
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The C2 level is the pinnacle of language proficiency, representing a near-native or bilingual level of mastery. A C2 user can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read, and can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. For a C2 speaker, the use of वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. They wield the verb with absolute mastery across all conceivable registers, from the most esoteric academic treatises to classical poetry and high-level diplomatic discourse. A C2 user understands the deep etymological roots of the word in Sanskrit and how that history colors its modern usage. They can engage in philosophical discussions about the nature of description itself—the limits of language in capturing reality, or the subjective bias inherent in any 'वर्णन'. They might use highly complex, nested sentences to describe an abstract concept: 'दार्शनिक ने मानव चेतना की जटिलताओं का जो वर्णन प्रस्तुत किया है, वह भाषा की सीमाओं को चुनौती देता है' (The description of the complexities of human consciousness presented by the philosopher challenges the limits of language). They are capable of producing highly stylized, evocative descriptions that rival professional Hindi authors, utilizing rare vocabulary, classical metaphors, and perfect rhythmic cadence. They also understand the cultural weight of narrative and description in Indian traditions, such as the detailed 'वर्णन' found in epic poetry like the Mahabharata or Ramayana. At the C2 level, the verb is not just a grammatical construct; it is a fundamental element of sophisticated thought and cultural participation. The user can effortlessly deconstruct, analyze, and create complex descriptive texts, demonstrating an absolute, intuitive command over the Hindi language in all its depth and beauty.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

वर्णन करना en 30 secondes

  • Means 'to describe' or 'to narrate' in detail.
  • A conjunct verb made of 'वर्णन' (description) + 'करना' (to do).
  • Always takes the postposition 'का' for the object being described.
  • Used in formal, literary, and detailed conversational contexts.
The Hindi verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is a fundamental and highly expressive term used extensively to indicate the act of describing, narrating, or providing a detailed account of an event, object, person, or abstract concept. It is composed of the noun वर्णन (varṇan), meaning description or narrative, and the light verb करना (karnā), meaning to do. When combined, they form a conjunct verb that is transitive in nature. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to achieve fluency in Hindi, as it bridges the gap between simple statements and complex storytelling. In everyday conversations, while people might use simpler words like बताना (batānā - to tell) or कहना (kahnā - to say), वर्णन करना elevates the discourse, indicating a thorough and vivid portrayal of events, scenes, or emotions.
Literal Meaning
To do a description.

उसने पूरी घटना का विस्तार से वर्णन करना शुरू किया।

For instance, if you witness an accident, the police will ask you to describe the incident. Here, they are not just asking for a brief summary; they want a comprehensive, step-by-step detailing of what transpired. The root of the word traces back to Sanskrit, where varṇana implies depicting, painting, or delineating. This artistic nuance is still present in its modern Hindi usage. When an author describes a beautiful landscape in a novel, they are engaging in the description of nature. The process of describing involves using adjectives, adverbs, and sensory details to paint a picture in the listener's or reader's mind. Therefore, mastering this verb also involves expanding one's vocabulary of descriptive words in Hindi.
Usage Context
Formal, literary, and detailed conversational contexts.

कवि ने प्रकृति का सुंदर वर्णन करना चाहा।

It is a word that empowers the speaker to share their experiences, visions, and knowledge with precision and flair. Whether you are a student writing an essay, a professional presenting a report, or a traveler sharing tales of your journey, this verb is your linguistic tool for painting with words. Furthermore, it is important to note the grammatical structure associated with this verb. Because वर्णन is a masculine noun, the object being described usually takes the genitive postposition का (kā), की (kī), or के (ke) depending on the gender and number of the object, though का is standardly used with the verbal phrase itself in many contexts.
Grammar Note
Takes the genitive case marker 'का' for the object.

शिक्षक ने पाठ का वर्णन करना आवश्यक समझा।

This structural requirement is a common stumbling block for learners, making it a vital point of study. In literature, poetry, and formal speech, the ability to effectively describe is highly prized, as it demonstrates not only linguistic competence but also cognitive clarity and observational skills. As you progress from A2 to higher levels of proficiency, you will find yourself relying on this verb more frequently to express complex thoughts and detailed observations. It is the cornerstone of narrative proficiency in Hindi.

यात्रा का वर्णन करना हमेशा सुखद होता है।

उस चित्र का वर्णन करना बहुत कठिन है।

To further elaborate, the act of description is not merely a mechanical recounting of facts; it is an interpretive process. When you describe a person, you are highlighting the traits that stand out to you, thereby sharing your perspective. This subjective element makes it a dynamic and powerful verb. In academic settings, students are frequently tasked with describing scientific processes, historical events, or literary themes. In these contexts, the verb demands accuracy, objectivity, and a structured approach. Conversely, in creative writing, the same verb invites imagination, emotional resonance, and stylistic embellishment. The versatility of this verb is thus one of its most remarkable features. It adapts to the tone and purpose of the communication, serving equally well in a dry police report and a passionate love letter. For language learners, practicing this verb is an excellent way to integrate various grammatical concepts, such as relative clauses, complex sentence structures, and advanced vocabulary. By consciously trying to describe your daily experiences in Hindi, you actively push the boundaries of your linguistic capabilities, moving beyond basic survival phrases into the realm of true expression and fluency. This extensive practice will solidify your grasp of Hindi syntax and vocabulary, making you a more confident and articulate speaker.
Using वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical behavior as a conjunct verb in Hindi. A conjunct verb is formed by combining a noun or an adjective with a light verb, in this case, करना (to do). Because the noun part, वर्णन (description), is masculine singular, it heavily influences the sentence structure, particularly regarding the object being described. The most critical rule to remember is that the object of the description must be followed by the genitive postposition का (kā).
Rule 1
Object + का + वर्णन करना

मैं अपने घर का वर्णन करना चाहता हूँ।

For example, to say 'to describe the incident', you must say 'घटना का वर्णन करना' (ghaṭnā kā varṇan karnā). Even though 'घटना' (incident) is a feminine noun, the postposition remains 'का' because it is grammatically linking to the masculine noun 'वर्णन', not the verb 'करना'. This is a very common area where learners make mistakes, often incorrectly saying 'घटना की वर्णन करना' or 'घटना को वर्णन करना'.
Rule 2
Tense conjugation applies only to 'करना'.

उसने कल रात की पार्टी का वर्णन करना भूल गया।

When conjugating the verb for different tenses, only the 'करना' part changes. For instance, in the present continuous: 'वह कहानी का वर्णन कर रहा है' (He is describing the story). In the past perfect: 'उसने स्थिति का वर्णन किया था' (He had described the situation). Notice the use of 'ने' (ne) in the past perfect example. Because 'करना' is a transitive verb, any sentence in a perfective tense (past simple, past perfect, etc.) requires the subject to take the ergative marker 'ने'. When 'ने' is used, the verb agrees with the direct object. In the case of conjunct verbs like 'वर्णन करना', the direct object is technically the noun 'वर्णन' itself. Since 'वर्णन' is masculine singular, the verb 'करना' will always conjugate to the masculine singular form 'किया' in perfective tenses, regardless of the gender of the subject or the actual thing being described.
Rule 3
Ergative alignment in past tenses.

लड़की ने अपने सपने का वर्णन करना शुरू किया।

हम इस समस्या का वर्णन करना नहीं चाहते।

क्या आप उस जगह का वर्णन करना पसंद करेंगे?

This makes conjugation somewhat predictable in the past tense: 'मैंने वर्णन किया' (I described), 'उसने वर्णन किया' (He/She described), 'उन्होंने वर्णन किया' (They described). Beyond basic grammar, understanding how to use this verb effectively involves knowing its common collocations. It is frequently paired with adverbs like 'विस्तार से' (vistār se - in detail), 'संक्षेप में' (sakṣep me - in brief), or 'सटीक रूप से' (saṭīk rūp se - accurately). For example, 'कृपया घटना का विस्तार से वर्णन करें' (Please describe the incident in detail). It can also be used in passive constructions, though this is more common in formal or written Hindi: 'इस पुस्तक में भारत के इतिहास का वर्णन किया गया है' (The history of India has been described in this book). Here, 'किया गया है' is the passive form of 'करना'. When using this verb in conversation, it signals to the listener that you are about to provide a longer, more detailed explanation rather than a quick answer. It sets the stage for storytelling. Therefore, it is an excellent verb to use when you want to hold the floor in a conversation and share a comprehensive account of your experiences, thoughts, or observations. Practicing these structures will significantly enhance your grammatical accuracy and conversational fluency in Hindi.
The verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā) is ubiquitous in both spoken and written Hindi, though its frequency and exact usage vary depending on the register and context. You will encounter this word across a wide spectrum of daily life, media, literature, and professional environments. Understanding where and how it is used will help you grasp its nuances and apply it appropriately in your own communication.
Context 1
News and Journalism

संवाददाता ने युद्ध की स्थिति का वर्णन करना जारी रखा।

In the realm of news and journalism, this verb is a staple. News anchors and reporters frequently use it when introducing a detailed report or when asking a correspondent to elaborate on a situation. For instance, an anchor might say, 'हमारे संवाददाता अब घटनास्थल का वर्णन करेंगे' (Our correspondent will now describe the scene). In written news articles, you will often read phrases like 'प्रत्यक्षदर्शियों ने घटना का खौफनाक वर्णन किया' (Eyewitnesses gave a terrifying description of the incident). Here, the verb is used to lend authority and comprehensiveness to the reporting.
Context 2
Literature and Poetry

लेखक ने गाँव की सुंदरता का वर्णन करना बखूबी किया है।

Literature is perhaps the domain where this verb truly shines. Authors and poets use it to paint vivid pictures in the minds of their readers. In book reviews or literary critiques, you will frequently encounter discussions about how well an author was able to 'वर्णन करना' a particular emotion, landscape, or character. It is the essence of narrative art. In educational settings, teachers and professors use this verb constantly. A history teacher might ask students to 'स्वतंत्रता संग्राम का वर्णन करें' (describe the freedom struggle), while a science teacher might ask for a description of a chemical reaction. It is the standard verb used in examination questions that require long-form, essay-style answers.
Context 3
Police and Legal Matters

पुलिस ने गवाह से अपराधी का वर्णन करना को कहा।

वकील ने अदालत में पूरे मामले का वर्णन करना शुरू किया।

पीड़ित के लिए उस रात का वर्णन करना मुश्किल था।

In legal and law enforcement contexts, accuracy is paramount, and 'वर्णन करना' is the verb of choice for taking statements and recording testimonies. A police officer will ask a victim or witness to describe the suspect or the sequence of events. In these situations, the description needs to be factual, detailed, and precise. Even in everyday, informal conversations, the verb finds its place, though slightly less frequently than simpler verbs like 'बताना'. You might hear a friend say, 'मैं शब्दों में वर्णन नहीं कर सकता कि वह फिल्म कितनी अच्छी थी' (I cannot describe in words how good that movie was). This usage emphasizes the overwhelming nature of an experience that defies simple explanation. Travelogues and documentaries also rely heavily on this verb, as the narrator's primary job is to describe the visual and cultural experiences to the audience. By paying attention to these various contexts, you will develop a rich, intuitive understanding of when and how to deploy this powerful verb in your own Hindi conversations and writing.
When learning the Hindi verb वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā), students frequently encounter a few specific grammatical and contextual pitfalls. Because it is a conjunct verb involving a masculine noun (वर्णन) and a light verb (करना), its interaction with other elements in a sentence can be tricky for those whose native languages do not have similar structures. Understanding these common mistakes is the fastest way to improve your accuracy and sound more like a native speaker.
Mistake 1
Incorrect Postposition

गलत: उसने घटना को वर्णन करना चाहा।

The most prevalent mistake is using the wrong postposition to connect the object being described to the verb. Many learners instinctively use 'को' (ko), which is the standard direct object marker in Hindi. They might say 'मैंने तस्वीर को वर्णन किया' (I described the picture). This is grammatically incorrect. Because 'वर्णन' is a noun meaning 'description', you are literally saying 'I did the description OF the picture'. Therefore, the correct postposition is 'का' (kā). The correct sentence is 'मैंने तस्वीर का वर्णन किया'. This rule applies regardless of whether the object being described is masculine or feminine; the 'का' agrees with the masculine noun 'वर्णन'.
Mistake 2
Ergative 'ने' Errors

गलत: वह घटना का वर्णन करना किया। (He described the incident - wrong structure)

Another major area of confusion involves the use of the ergative marker 'ने' (ne) in perfective tenses (like the simple past). Because 'करना' is a transitive verb, sentences in the past tense require the subject to take 'ने'. Learners often forget this and say 'वह कहानी का वर्णन किया' instead of the correct 'उसने कहानी का वर्णन किया'. Furthermore, when 'ने' is used, the verb must agree with the direct object. In conjunct verbs, the direct object is the noun part of the verb itself. Since 'वर्णन' is masculine singular, the verb will always be 'किया', regardless of the subject's gender. A female speaker must say 'मैंने वर्णन किया', not 'मैंने वर्णन की'.
Mistake 3
Overusing in Casual Speech

अजीब: मैंने उसे अपना नाम वर्णन करना शुरू किया।

सही: मैंने उसे अपना नाम बताया।

अजीब: क्या तुम मुझे समय का वर्णन करना कर सकते हो?

A third common mistake is a matter of register and context rather than strict grammar. Learners sometimes overuse 'वर्णन करना' for simple, everyday telling or informing, where verbs like 'बताना' (batānā - to tell) or 'कहना' (kahnā - to say) would be much more natural. For example, saying 'कृपया मुझे अपना फोन नंबर वर्णन करें' (Please describe your phone number to me) sounds highly unnatural and overly formal. 'वर्णन करना' implies a detailed, narrative account. It should be reserved for situations that actually require description, such as explaining a complex process, recounting a story, or detailing a visual scene. Using it for simple facts makes the speech sound stilted and artificial. By being mindful of the 'का' postposition, the ergative 'ने' rule in the past tense, and the appropriate level of formality, learners can avoid these common errors and use this powerful verb with confidence and precision.
In Hindi, there are several verbs and phrases that share semantic similarities with वर्णन करना (varṇan karnā), all revolving around the concepts of telling, explaining, detailing, or narrating. Understanding the nuances and distinctions between these synonyms is crucial for developing a rich and precise vocabulary. While they might be translated similarly in English, their usage in Hindi depends heavily on the context, the level of detail required, and the formality of the situation.
Synonym 1
बताना (batānā) - To tell, to inform

उसने मुझे सच बताया, लेकिन घटना का वर्णन करना भूल गया।

The most common alternative is बताना (batānā), which simply means 'to tell' or 'to inform'. This is the go-to verb for everyday conversation. If you want someone to tell you their name, the time, or a basic fact, you use बताना. 'वर्णन करना', on the other hand, implies a much deeper level of detail and narrative structure. You tell (बताना) someone that you went to Paris, but you describe (वर्णन करना) the beauty of the Eiffel Tower. Another closely related term is विवरण देना (vivaraṇ denā), which translates to 'to give details' or 'to provide a description'. This is highly formal and often used in administrative, legal, or technical contexts. While 'वर्णन करना' has a slightly literary or narrative feel, 'विवरण देना' sounds more like providing a factual, itemized list of details.
Synonym 2
व्याख्या करना (vyākhyā karnā) - To explain, to interpret

शिक्षक ने कविता की व्याख्या की, केवल उसका वर्णन करना पर्याप्त नहीं था।

व्याख्या करना (vyākhyā karnā) means 'to explain' or 'to interpret'. This is used when the goal is to make someone understand a concept, a theory, or the meaning behind something. You describe (वर्णन करना) what a machine looks like, but you explain (व्याख्या करना) how it works. Then there is उल्लेख करना (ullekh karnā), which means 'to mention' or 'to refer to'. This is used when you briefly bring up a topic without going into deep detail. It is the opposite of the comprehensive nature of 'वर्णन करना'.
Synonym 3
चित्रण करना (chitraṇ karnā) - To depict, to portray

फिल्म में समाज का यथार्थ चित्रण है, जो एक प्रकार का दृश्य वर्णन करना है।

कहानी सुनाना (kahānī sunānā) is to tell a story, often involving वर्णन करना।

स्पष्ट करना (spaṣṭ karnā) means to clarify, different from वर्णन करना।

चित्रण करना (chitraṇ karnā) is a beautiful, literary synonym meaning 'to depict' or 'to portray'. It shares the same root concept of painting a picture with words, but is almost exclusively used in the context of art, literature, and cinema. An author might 'चित्रण करना' the struggles of the working class in their novel. Finally, बयान करना (bayān karnā) is a word of Perso-Arabic origin that means to state, narrate, or express. It is often used in legal contexts (giving a statement) or in poetic contexts (expressing the condition of one's heart). It is highly synonymous with 'वर्णन करना' but carries a slightly different cultural and linguistic flavor, often preferred in Urdu-influenced Hindi. By mastering these distinctions, you can choose the exact word that fits your intended meaning, elevating your Hindi from basic communication to nuanced expression.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

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Informel

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Argot

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Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

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Exemples par niveau

1

वह घर का वर्णन करता है।

He describes the house.

Present simple tense, using 'का' for the object.

2

मैं चित्र का वर्णन करता हूँ।

I describe the picture.

First person present simple.

3

क्या तुम इसका वर्णन कर सकते हो?

Can you describe this?

Using 'सकना' (can) with the verb.

4

वह अपने कुत्ते का वर्णन करती है।

She describes her dog.

Feminine subject, but verb 'करना' conjugates normally.

5

शिक्षक पाठ का वर्णन करते हैं।

The teacher describes the lesson.

Formal/plural subject 'करते हैं'.

6

हम शहर का वर्णन करते हैं।

We describe the city.

First person plural.

7

वह अपनी कार का वर्णन कर रहा है।

He is describing his car.

Present continuous tense.

8

मुझे इस जगह का वर्णन करना है।

I have to describe this place.

Infinitive used with 'है' to show obligation.

1

उसने अपनी यात्रा का वर्णन किया।

He described his journey.

Past simple tense, subject takes 'ने'.

2

कृपया इस आदमी का वर्णन करें।

Please describe this man.

Formal imperative 'करें'.

3

मैं कल की पार्टी का वर्णन करूँगा।

I will describe yesterday's party.

Future tense, first person.

4

क्या आप उस घटना का वर्णन कर सकते हैं?

Can you describe that incident?

Formal request using 'सकते हैं'.

5

उसने बहुत अच्छे से वर्णन किया।

She described it very well.

Adverb 'अच्छे से' modifying the verb.

6

किताब में भारत का वर्णन है।

There is a description of India in the book.

Noun usage of 'वर्णन'.

7

मैं शब्दों में वर्णन नहीं कर सकता।

I cannot describe it in words.

Common phrase 'शब्दों में' (in words).

8

उसने अपने सपने का वर्णन किया था।

He had described his dream.

Past perfect tense.

1

प्रत्यक्षदर्शी ने दुर्घटना का विस्तार से वर्णन किया।

The eyewitness described the accident in detail.

Use of adverbial phrase 'विस्तार से'.

2

लेखक ने गाँव के जीवन का सजीव वर्णन किया है।

The author has given a vivid description of village life.

Present perfect tense with adjective 'सजीव'.

3

मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम अपनी समस्या का वर्णन करो।

I want you to describe your problem.

Subjunctive mood after 'चाहता हूँ कि'.

4

उसने जो वर्णन किया, वह बिल्कुल सच था।

The description he gave was absolutely true.

Relative clause structure 'जो... वह'.

5

क्या आप संक्षेप में पूरी कहानी का वर्णन कर सकते हैं?

Can you briefly describe the whole story?

Use of 'संक्षेप में' (briefly).

6

इस कविता में वसंत ऋतु का सुंदर वर्णन मिलता है।

A beautiful description of the spring season is found in this poem.

Passive-like construction using 'मिलता है'.

7

बिना देखे उस जगह का वर्णन करना मुश्किल है।

It is difficult to describe that place without seeing it.

Infinitive used as a subject.

8

उसने अपनी भावनाओं का वर्णन करने की कोशिश की।

She tried to describe her feelings.

Using 'की कोशिश की' (tried to) with the infinitive.

1

वैज्ञानिकों ने इस नई प्रजाति का विस्तृत वर्णन प्रकाशित किया है।

Scientists have published a detailed description of this new species.

Formal vocabulary 'विस्तृत' and 'प्रकाशित'.

2

यह उपन्यास 19वीं सदी के समाज का यथार्थवादी वर्णन करता है।

This novel provides a realistic description of 19th-century society.

Academic adjective 'यथार्थवादी' (realistic).

3

हालाँकि उसने घटना का वर्णन किया, लेकिन कई महत्वपूर्ण विवरण छूट गए।

Although he described the incident, many important details were left out.

Complex sentence with 'हालाँकि... लेकिन'.

4

जिस सटीकता के साथ उसने दृश्य का वर्णन किया, वह अद्भुत था।

The accuracy with which he described the scene was amazing.

Advanced relative structure 'जिस सटीकता के साथ'.

5

रिपोर्ट में आर्थिक मंदी के कारणों का वर्णन किया गया है।

The causes of the economic recession have been described in the report.

Formal passive voice 'वर्णन किया गया है'.

6

मुझे लगता है कि शब्दों में उस दर्द का वर्णन करना असंभव है।

I think it is impossible to describe that pain in words.

Expressing abstract concepts and opinions.

7

कवि ने प्रकृति के रौद्र रूप का जो वर्णन किया है, वह रोंगटे खड़े कर देता है।

The description the poet has given of nature's fierce form gives goosebumps.

Idiomatic expression 'रोंगटे खड़े कर देता है'.

8

उसने अपने अनुभवों का वर्णन करते हुए एक किताब लिखी।

She wrote a book describing her experiences.

Present participle 'करते हुए' indicating simultaneous action.

1

दार्शनिक ने मानव अस्तित्व की जटिलताओं का अत्यंत सूक्ष्मता से वर्णन किया है।

The philosopher has described the complexities of human existence with extreme subtlety.

Advanced vocabulary 'अस्तित्व', 'जटिलताओं', 'सूक्ष्मता'.

2

इस ऐतिहासिक दस्तावेज़ में उस काल की राजनीतिक उथल-पुथल का सजीव वर्णन मिलता है।

A vivid description of the political turmoil of that era is found in this historical document.

Formal historical register.

3

आलोचक ने फिल्म की सिनेमैटोग्राफी का जो तकनीकी वर्णन प्रस्तुत किया, वह सराहनीय था।

The technical description of the film's cinematography presented by the critic was commendable.

Use of 'प्रस्तुत किया' (presented) alongside 'वर्णन'.

4

उसकी वाक्पटुता ऐसी थी कि वह किसी भी नीरस विषय का भी रोचक वर्णन कर सकता था।

His eloquence was such that he could describe even any boring subject interestingly.

Complex structure 'ऐसी थी कि' (such that).

5

संविधान के इस अनुच्छेद में नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकारों का विशद वर्णन किया गया है।

The fundamental rights of citizens have been described in detail in this article of the constitution.

Legal terminology 'अनुच्छेद', 'मौलिक अधिकारों', 'विशद'.

6

लेखिका ने अपनी आत्मकथा में अपने संघर्षों का बिना किसी लाग-लपेट के वर्णन किया है।

The author has described her struggles in her autobiography without any sugarcoating.

Idiom 'बिना किसी लाग-लपेट के' (without mincing words).

7

यह परिघटना इतनी अद्वितीय है कि इसका वैज्ञानिक शब्दावली में वर्णन करना चुनौतीपूर्ण है।

This phenomenon is so unique that describing it in scientific terminology is challenging.

Academic discourse 'परिघटना', 'अद्वितीय', 'शब्दावली'.

8

उसने न केवल बाहरी परिदृश्य का, बल्कि पात्रों के आंतरिक द्वंद्व का भी मार्मिक वर्णन किया।

He described not only the external landscape but also the internal conflict of the characters poignantly.

Correlative conjunction 'न केवल... बल्कि' (not only... but also).

1

कालिदास के महाकाव्यों में प्रकृति का जो अलौकिक वर्णन है, वह भारतीय साहित्य की अमूल्य धरोहर है।

The transcendental description of nature in Kalidasa's epics is an invaluable heritage of Indian literature.

Highly literary and classical vocabulary.

2

उत्तर-आधुनिक विमर्श में, किसी भी वस्तुनिष्ठ सत्य का वर्णन करना स्वयं में एक संदेहास्पद कृत्य माना जाता है।

In postmodern discourse, describing any objective truth is itself considered a dubious act.

Philosophical and academic jargon.

3

कवि ने विरह की वेदना का ऐसा हृदयविदारक वर्णन किया है कि पाषाण हृदय भी पिघल जाए।

The poet has given such a heart-rending description of the pain of separation that even a heart of stone would melt.

Poetic hyperbole and classical emotional themes.

4

इस शोध प्रबंध में क्वांटम यांत्रिकी के उन सिद्धांतों का गणितीय वर्णन है जो सामान्य बुद्धि से परे हैं।

This dissertation contains the mathematical description of those principles of quantum mechanics that are beyond common sense.

Highly specialized scientific register.

5

उन्होंने उस युग की सामाजिक विसंगतियों का ऐसा सटीक और व्यंग्यात्मक वर्णन किया कि तत्कालीन सत्ता हिल गई।

He gave such an accurate and satirical description of the social anomalies of that era that the contemporary establishment was shaken.

Complex narrative describing historical impact.

6

सूफी संत ने ईश्वरीय प्रेम के उस अतींद्रिय अनुभव का वर्णन प्रतीकों के माध्यम से किया है।

The Sufi saint has described that transcendental experience of divine love through symbols.

Spiritual and mystical vocabulary.

7

यह ग्रंथ केवल घटनाओं का कालानुक्रमिक विवरण नहीं है, बल्कि मानव सभ्यता के क्रमिक विकास का दार्शनिक वर्णन है।

This tome is not merely a chronological account of events, but a philosophical description of the gradual evolution of human civilization.

Contrasting 'विवरण' (account) with 'वर्णन' (philosophical description).

8

जब भाषा मौन हो जाती है, तब संगीत ही आत्मा की गहराइयों का सच्चा वर्णन कर पाता है।

When language falls silent, only music is able to truly describe the depths of the soul.

Poetic and abstract philosophical statement.

Collocations courantes

विस्तार से वर्णन करना
सजीव वर्णन करना
सटीक वर्णन करना
संक्षेप में वर्णन करना
सुंदर वर्णन करना
घटना का वर्णन करना
स्थिति का वर्णन करना
दृश्य का वर्णन करना
विस्तृत वर्णन करना
मार्मिक वर्णन करना

Phrases Courantes

शब्दों में वर्णन करना

विस्तार से वर्णन करना

आँखों देखा वर्णन करना

संक्षेप में वर्णन करना

विस्तृत वर्णन प्रस्तुत करना

सजीव वर्णन करना

यथार्थ वर्णन करना

काल्पनिक वर्णन करना

भावनात्मक वर्णन करना

तथ्यात्मक वर्णन करना

Souvent confondu avec

वर्णन करना vs बताना (to tell) - 'बताना' is for simple facts, 'वर्णन करना' is for detailed descriptions.

वर्णन करना vs व्याख्या करना (to explain) - 'व्याख्या' is for making someone understand a concept, 'वर्णन' is for painting a picture of an event or object.

वर्णन करना vs विवरण देना (to give details) - Very similar, but 'विवरण' is more administrative/factual, while 'वर्णन' can be artistic/narrative.

Expressions idiomatiques

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Facile à confondre

वर्णन करना vs

वर्णन करना vs

वर्णन करना vs

वर्णन करना vs

वर्णन करना vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

formality

While it can be used in casual conversation, it inherently carries a slightly formal or serious tone because it implies a structured narrative.

literary weight

In literature, 'वर्णन' is a heavily loaded term, often implying artistic merit in the description itself.

colloquial alternatives

In very casual street Hindi, people might just say 'पूरी बात बता' (tell the whole thing) instead of 'घटना का वर्णन कर'.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'को' instead of 'का' for the object (e.g., घटना को वर्णन करना).
  • Forgetting the ergative 'ने' in past perfective tenses (e.g., वह वर्णन किया instead of उसने वर्णन किया).
  • Making the verb agree with the subject's gender in the past tense (e.g., a female saying मैंने वर्णन की instead of मैंने वर्णन किया).
  • Using 'वर्णन करना' for simple, factual statements where 'बताना' is appropriate.
  • Mispronouncing the retroflex 'ण' as a dental 'न' in formal contexts.

Astuces

The Golden Rule of 'का'

Never forget that the object being described must be followed by 'का'. It is 'चित्र का वर्णन', never 'चित्र को वर्णन'. This single rule will instantly make your Hindi sound more native.

Hold the Floor

Use this verb when you want to signal to your listeners that you are about to tell a long story. It sets the expectation for a detailed narrative, ensuring you aren't interrupted immediately.

Pair with Adjectives

A description is only as good as its adjectives. When practicing this verb, actively try to use new descriptive words (like सुंदर, भयानक, विशाल) to make your 'वर्णन' more engaging.

Past Tense Mastery

Drill the past tense structure: [Subject] + ने + [Object] + का + वर्णन किया. Repeat 'मैंने वर्णन किया, उसने वर्णन किया' until it becomes muscle memory, avoiding the common mistake of dropping 'ने'.

Professional Settings

In business or academic settings, using 'वर्णन करना' instead of 'बताना' shows professionalism and a structured thought process. It implies you are providing a comprehensive report.

Artistic Descriptions

If you are talking about art, literature, or movies, this is the perfect verb. It carries a slight artistic weight, implying that the description itself has value and beauty.

Listen for the Details

When a native speaker uses this verb, pay close attention to the sequence of events and the descriptive words they use. It's a great way to learn how to structure a narrative in Hindi.

Essay Writing Essential

If you are taking a Hindi exam, this verb is essential for essay questions. Phrases like 'निम्नलिखित विषय का वर्णन करें' (Describe the following topic) will appear constantly.

वर्णन vs. व्याख्या

Keep the distinction clear in your mind: describe the 'what' and 'how it looks' with वर्णन, and explain the 'why' and 'how it works' with व्याख्या.

Beyond Words

Learn the phrase 'शब्दों में वर्णन करना मुश्किल है' (It is difficult to describe in words). It's a fantastic, natural-sounding way to express awe, shock, or deep emotion.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'WAR' (वर्) where a 'NUN' (णन) is describing the battle to you. WAR-NUN karna = to describe.

Origine du mot

Sanskrit

Contexte culturel

Using this verb shows that you are giving importance to the details and respecting the listener's time to hear a full account.

Formal to semi-formal. Elevates the register of a conversation.

Understood universally across Hindi-speaking regions. In Urdu-heavy areas, 'बयान करना' (bayān karnā) might be preferred.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"क्या आप अपने बचपन के घर का वर्णन कर सकते हैं? (Can you describe your childhood home?)"

"अपनी सबसे यादगार यात्रा का वर्णन करें। (Describe your most memorable trip.)"

"उस फिल्म की कहानी का वर्णन करो। (Describe the story of that movie.)"

"आपके सपनों का शहर कैसा होगा, उसका वर्णन करें। (Describe what your dream city would be like.)"

"कल जो हुआ, उसका विस्तार से वर्णन करें। (Describe in detail what happened yesterday.)"

Sujets d'écriture

आज के दिन का सबसे अच्छा पल चुनें और उसका विस्तार से वर्णन करें। (Choose the best moment of today and describe it in detail.)

अपने किसी एक डर का वर्णन करें। (Describe one of your fears.)

एक ऐसी जगह का वर्णन करें जहाँ आप जाना चाहते हैं। (Describe a place you want to visit.)

अपने सबसे अच्छे दोस्त के स्वभाव का वर्णन करें। (Describe the nature of your best friend.)

एक आदर्श दुनिया का वर्णन करें। (Describe a perfect world.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

You must always use 'का' (kā) to link the object to the verb phrase 'वर्णन करना'. This is because 'का' agrees with the masculine noun 'वर्णन' (description), not the object itself. For example, even though 'घटना' (incident) is feminine, you say 'घटना का वर्णन करना'. Using 'की' or 'को' is grammatically incorrect. This is a strict rule for this specific conjunct verb.

It is highly unnatural to use 'वर्णन करना' for simple facts like your name, age, or the time. For those, you should use 'बताना' (batānā - to tell). 'वर्णन करना' implies giving a detailed, narrative account or painting a picture with words. You describe a scene, a movie plot, or an accident, but you tell your name.

Because 'करना' is a transitive verb, you must use the ergative marker 'ने' (ne) with the subject in perfective past tenses. For example, 'मैंने वर्णन किया' (I described) or 'उसने वर्णन किया' (He/She described). The verb 'करना' will always take the masculine singular form 'किया' because it agrees with the direct object, which is the masculine noun 'वर्णन'.

'वर्णन करना' means to describe what something looks like or what happened (painting a picture). 'व्याख्या करना' means to explain how something works or what it means (interpreting a concept). You describe (वर्णन) a beautiful painting, but you explain (व्याख्या) a mathematical formula.

It is considered standard and slightly formal. While it is used in everyday conversation when telling a long story, it elevates the register of the speech. It is very common in news, literature, academic writing, and formal reports. In very casual slang, people might prefer simpler phrases.

Yes, absolutely. 'वर्णन' is a masculine noun meaning 'description'. You can use it in sentences like 'उसका वर्णन बहुत अच्छा था' (His description was very good) or 'इस किताब में प्रकृति का सुंदर वर्णन है' (There is a beautiful description of nature in this book).

The most common adverbial phrase used with it is 'विस्तार से' (vistār se), which means 'in detail'. You will often hear 'विस्तार से वर्णन करें' (describe in detail). Other common adverbs include 'संक्षेप में' (briefly), 'सटीक रूप से' (accurately), and 'सजीव रूप से' (vividly).

The adjective for 'indescribable' is 'अकथनीय' (akathnīy) or 'अवर्णनीय' (avarṇanīy). You can also use the common phrase 'शब्दों में वर्णन नहीं किया जा सकता' (cannot be described in words) to express that something is too beautiful, horrible, or complex to describe.

The correct spelling is 'वर्णन करना' with the retroflex 'ण' (ṇ). Pronouncing it with the dental 'न' (n) is a common colloquial variation, but in writing and formal speech, the retroflex 'ण' must be used. It reflects its Sanskrit origins.

Yes, it is very common in formal writing. The passive form is 'वर्णन किया गया है' (has been described) or 'वर्णन किया जाता है' (is described). For example, 'रिपोर्ट में समस्या का वर्णन किया गया है' (The problem has been described in the report).

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