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B1 verb #6,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

이행하다

ihaenghada Top 6,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 이행하다 en 30 secondes

Explication 이행하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '이행하다' is a very difficult word that you won't usually use. Instead, you will learn the word '지키다' (ji-ki-da), which means 'to keep' or 'to protect.' For example, '약속을 지켜요' (I keep my promise). '이행하다' is the formal version of this. Imagine you are playing a game with rules. If you follow the rules exactly as they are written, that is like '이행하다.' It is a big word used by adults in offices or on the news. For now, just remember that it means 'to do what you said you would do' in a very serious way. You might see it in simple signs or very basic news headlines, but you don't need to use it in daily conversation yet. Focus on '하다' (to do) and '지키다' (to keep) first.

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As an A2 learner, you might start seeing '이행하다' in formal announcements or simple news clips. While you still use '지키다' for personal promises, you can start recognizing '이행하다' when it refers to official things. For example, if a school has a rule and you follow it, a teacher might use this word. It's often used with '약속' (promise) or '의무' (duty). Think of it as 'official doing.' If you are writing a formal letter or a basic business email, using '이행하다' instead of '하다' makes you sound more polite and professional. It shows you are moving beyond basic Korean and starting to understand 'Hanja-eo' (words based on Chinese characters), which are used in formal situations.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to understand and occasionally use '이행하다.' This is the level where you study for the TOPIK exam, and this word appears frequently in the reading and listening sections. You should use '이행하다' when discussing contracts, social responsibilities, or government policies. For instance, '계약을 이행하다' (to fulfill a contract) is a very common phrase. You should also know the opposite: '불이행' (non-fulfillment). At this stage, you start to distinguish between '실천하다' (putting ideas into practice) and '이행하다' (carrying out a formal obligation). Using '이행하다' in your writing tasks will significantly improve your score because it demonstrates a command of formal vocabulary.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '이행하다' naturally in formal contexts. You should understand its nuances in legal and political discussions. For example, you might discuss '공약 이행' (fulfillment of election pledges) or '조세 의무 이행' (fulfillment of tax obligations). You should be comfortable with various grammatical forms like '이행함에 있어' (in fulfilling...) or '이행될 것으로 보입니다' (it is expected to be fulfilled). You should also be able to recognize it in academic texts and editorial pieces. At this level, the distinction between '이행하다,' '수행하다,' and '집행하다' becomes important for precise communication in professional environments.

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For C1 learners, '이행하다' is a fundamental part of your professional and academic vocabulary. You should be able to use it in complex legal arguments or high-level business negotiations. You understand the 'compulsory performance' (강제 이행) concept in law and can discuss the socio-political implications of 'treaty fulfillment' (조약 이행). You can use the word to describe the meticulous process of following through on multi-faceted agreements. Your usage should include advanced collocations and idiomatic formal expressions. You are also sensitive to the register, knowing exactly when '이행하다' is required over more common synonyms to maintain a tone of authority and precision.

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At the C2 level, you have a master-level grasp of '이행하다.' You can use it to discuss abstract philosophical concepts of duty or analyze the linguistic nuances between this word and its archaic or highly specialized legal synonyms. You can read and write legal briefs, international treaties, and high-level policy papers where '이행' is a key term. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its Hanja roots deeply. You can use it rhetorically to emphasize accountability or criticize the lack of action in public discourse. To you, '이행하다' is not just a verb but a concept of systemic integrity and the bridge between verbal commitment and physical reality.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

이행하다 en 30 secondes

A formal verb meaning to fulfill or carry out an obligation.
Used in business, law, and official promises.
Often paired with 'contract', 'duty', and 'pledge'.
More professional and systematic than the basic word 'keep'.

The Korean verb 이행하다 (i-haeng-ha-da) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe the act of carrying out, fulfilling, or implementing an agreement, promise, or legal obligation. While the English word 'do' or 'keep' might suffice in casual conversation, 이행하다 carries a weight of formality and systematic execution. It is derived from the Hanja characters 履 (신 이 - to tread/fulfill) and 行 (다닐 행 - to go/act), literally suggesting the act of 'treading the path' that was previously laid out by words or contracts.

Legal and Business Context: In the realm of law and commerce, this word is indispensable. It refers to the 'performance' of a contract. When a company delivers goods as agreed, they are 이행ing their part of the deal. If they fail, it is called 불이행 (non-performance).
Personal Commitments: While less common in a casual chat between friends (where 지키다 is preferred), you might hear it when discussing serious personal resolutions or public promises made by figures of authority. It implies a level of responsibility and accountability.

정부는 공약을 성실히 이행하겠다고 발표했습니다.
Translation: The government announced that it would faithfully fulfill its election pledges.

Understanding 이행하다 requires recognizing its nuance of 'process.' It isn't just about the end result, but the systematic action of following through on specific terms. For example, if you promise to clean your room, you 지키다 (keep) the promise. But if you are following a 10-step court-ordered rehabilitation program, you are 이행하다-ing the requirements. It suggests a structured adherence to a set of rules or points.

계약 내용을 이행하지 않을 경우 위약금을 지불해야 합니다.
Translation: If you do not fulfill the terms of the contract, you must pay a penalty.

Political Accountability: Politicians often use this word during campaigns. They talk about 공약 이행률 (the rate of fulfilling pledges). It serves as a metric for their honesty and effectiveness.

Furthermore, 이행하다 is often paired with adverbs like 성실히 (faithfully), 즉각 (immediately), or 완벽하게 (perfectly). These pairings emphasize the manner in which the obligation is being handled. In a society like Korea, where 'Chemyeon' (saving face) and social trust are paramount, the ability to 이행하다 one's duties is a core component of one's professional reputation.

그는 자신의 의무를 다 이행한 후에야 휴식을 취했다.
Translation: He took a rest only after he had fulfilled all his duties.

Using 이행하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical placement and the specific nouns it typically governs. As a transitive verb, it always requires an object—the thing that is being fulfilled. This object is usually an abstract noun representing a commitment, such as a contract, a promise, a duty, or a condition.

Grammar Pattern: [Noun] + 을/를 이행하다: This is the standard form. Common nouns used here include 약속 (promise), 계약 (contract), 의무 (duty), 합의 (agreement), and 조항 (clause/provision).

양측은 합의 사항을 조속히 이행하기로 합의했습니다.
Translation: Both sides agreed to promptly implement the terms of the agreement.

When conjugating 이행하다, remember that it follows the standard -하다 verb rules. In formal settings, you will often see it in the -습니다 or -ㄴ다 form. In business emails, the -아/어 주시기 바랍니다 (please do...) structure is frequently used to request that someone fulfill their obligations.

조건이 이행되지 않으면 계약은 무효가 됩니다.
Translation: If the conditions are not fulfilled, the contract becomes null and void.

Adverbial Pairings: To describe how something is fulfilled, use adverbs like 성실히 (sincerely/faithfully), 철저히 (thoroughly), or 강제적으로 (forcibly). 강제 이행 (compulsory performance) is a specific legal term.

In complex sentences, 이행하다 often acts as a condition. For instance, 'Only if you fulfill X, will I do Y.' This is expressed using the -어야 or -는다면 patterns. It highlights the transactional nature of the word, where one action is contingent upon the fulfillment of another.

모든 조항을 이행해야만 보증금을 돌려받을 수 있습니다.
Translation: You can only get your deposit back if you fulfill all the clauses.

While you might not hear 이행하다 at a noisy BBQ restaurant, it is a staple of the 'News Korean' and 'Office Korean' dialects. If you turn on the 9 PM news or read a business newspaper like the Maeil Business Newspaper, you will encounter this word multiple times in a single sitting.

News Broadcasts: News anchors use it when reporting on international treaties, such as North Korea's nuclear disarmament agreements or climate change protocols. They will say, 'The international community is watching to see if the agreement is being 이행ed.'

탄소 중립 목표를 이행하기 위한 구체적인 방안이 필요합니다.
Translation: Specific measures are needed to implement the carbon neutrality goals.

In corporate environments, 이행하다 appears in project management and legal departments. When a project manager checks if the deliverables match the initial plan, they are checking the 이행 상황 (implementation status). It sounds more professional and precise than simply saying 'doing the work.'

법원은 피고에게 채무 이행을 명령했습니다.
Translation: The court ordered the defendant to fulfill the debt.

Educational and Formal Documents: University applications or scholarship agreements often use this word. For example, a student might have to sign a document stating they will 이행 the duty of maintaining a certain GPA to keep their funding.

Finally, in historical dramas (Sa-geuk), you might hear high-ranking officials discussing the 이행 of a royal decree. Even though it's a modern Hanja-based term, its roots in formal duty make it fit perfectly into the stiff, honorific-heavy dialogue of the Joseon court scenes.

어명(御命)을 이행하는 것이 신하의 도리입니다.
Translation: It is the duty of a subject to carry out the King's command.

Because 이행하다 translates to 'fulfill' or 'carry out,' learners often confuse it with other Korean verbs that have similar English definitions. The most common mistake is using 이행하다 in situations that are too casual or involve physical tasks rather than abstract obligations.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 실천하다 (Sil-cheon-ha-da): 실천하다 means to put a theory or a personal goal into practice (e.g., 'practicing' a healthy lifestyle). 이행하다 is about fulfilling a pre-existing commitment or rule. You 실천 your values, but you 이행 a contract.

[Wrong]: 매일 운동하겠다는 약속을 이행해요.
[Better]: 매일 운동하겠다는 약속을 실천해요.
Note: While not grammatically 'wrong,' 실천하다 is much more natural for self-improvement goals.

Another error involves using 이행하다 for simple tasks. If your boss asks you to 'carry out' a quick errand, you would use 수행하다 (to perform/execute a task) or just 하다. 이행하다 implies a formal obligation or a multi-step fulfillment process.

[Wrong]: 나는 화가가 되고 싶은 꿈을 이행했다.
[Right]: 나는 화가가 되고 싶은 꿈을 이루었다.

Mistake 2: Over-formality: Using 이행하다 with your friends can sound cold or overly robotic. If you promised to meet a friend at 5 PM, saying '약속을 이행할게' (I will fulfill the promise) sounds like you are a lawyer talking to a client. Stick to '약속 지킬게' (I'll keep the promise).

Lastly, remember that 이행 is a noun, and 이행하다 is the verb. Learners sometimes forget to add the 하다 or use the wrong particle. It is always [Noun]을/를 이행하다, not [Noun]이 이행하다 unless the noun is the one doing the fulfilling (which is rare).

To truly master 이행하다, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms. Korean has a rich vocabulary for 'doing' things, and choosing the right one depends on the context of the commitment.

이행하다 vs. 지키다 (Ji-ki-da): 지키다 is the general word for 'keeping' or 'protecting.' It's used for keeping secrets, keeping promises, and protecting borders. 이행하다 is the formal, administrative version of 'keeping' a promise or contract.
이행하다 vs. 수행하다 (Su-haeng-ha-da): 수행하다 focuses on the execution of a specific task, mission, or duty (e.g., 'carrying out' an order). 이행하다 focuses on the fulfillment of a prior agreement or obligation.

임무를 수행하다 (Execute a mission) vs. 계약을 이행하다 (Fulfill a contract).

Other alternatives include 완수하다 (Wan-su-ha-da), which means to 'complete' a task perfectly, and 집행하다 (Jip-haeng-ha-da), which is specifically for 'enforcing' or 'executing' a law or a budget.

실천하다 (Sil-cheon-ha-da): Used when talking about putting ideas or plans into action. It has a proactive, positive connotation, often used in self-development or activism.

In summary, choose 이행하다 when there is a formal 'paper trail' or a serious 'social expectation' involved. It is the language of contracts, treaties, and solemn oaths.

약속을 이행하지 않은 것에 대해 책임을 져야 합니다.
Translation: You must take responsibility for not fulfilling the promise.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The character '履' (shoes) in '이행' is the same character used in '이력서' (resume). A resume is a record of the 'path you have trodden' in your career.

Guide de prononciation

UK i.hɛŋ.ɦa.da

US i.hɛŋ.ha.da

The primary stress is usually on the second syllable 'haeng', though Korean pitch accent is subtle.

Rime avec

수행하다 (su-haeng-ha-da) 진행하다 (jin-haeng-ha-da) 발행하다 (bal-haeng-ha-da) 여행하다 (yeo-haeng-ha-da) 병행하다 (byeong-haeng-ha-da) 강행하다 (gang-haeng-ha-da) 동행하다 (dong-haeng-ha-da) 대행하다 (dae-haeng-ha-da)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'haeng' like 'hing'.
Over-emphasizing the 'h' in the middle, making it sound like two separate words.
Confusing the 'ae' (ㅐ) sound with 'e' (ㅔ), though they sound similar in modern Korean.
Forgetting the 'h' sound in 'ha' at the end.
Pronouncing 'i' as a short 'ih' instead of 'ee'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Common in news and formal texts, but requires knowledge of Hanja-based vocabulary.

Écriture 4/5

Using it correctly requires understanding the formal register and appropriate collocations.

Expression orale 4/5

Rarely used in casual speech; using it appropriately in business is key.

Écoute 3/5

Easily recognized in formal broadcasts once learned.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

하다 지키다 약속 계획 의무

Apprends ensuite

수행하다 실천하다 준수하다 집행하다 위반하다

Avancé

신의성실 이행지체 강제집행 불가항력

Grammaire à connaître

-어야 하다 (Must/Have to)

계약을 이행해야 합니다.

-기로 하다 (Decide to)

약속을 이행하기로 했습니다.

-는 것 (Gerund/Noun-making)

의무를 이행하는 것이 중요합니다.

-(으)ㄴ/는 여부 (Whether or not)

이행 여부를 확인하세요.

-지 않으면 (If not)

이행하지 않으면 문제가 생깁니다.

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Exemples par niveau

약속을 이행해요.

I keep my promise.

Basic present tense.

그는 약속을 이행했어요.

He kept his promise.

Past tense.

우리는 규칙을 이행해야 해요.

We must follow the rules.

-해야 하다 (must).

약속을 이행하세요.

Please keep your promise.

-으세요 (polite command).

내일까지 이행할게요.

I will fulfill it by tomorrow.

-ㄹ게요 (future promise).

이행하기가 쉬워요.

It is easy to fulfill.

-기 쉽다 (easy to).

이행하는 것이 중요해요.

Fulfilling it is important.

-는 것 (gerund).

누가 이행해요?

Who fulfills it?

Interrogative.

계획을 성실히 이행합시다.

Let's carry out the plan faithfully.

-읍시다 (let's).

그녀는 의무를 이행하고 있어요.

She is fulfilling her duty.

-고 있다 (present progressive).

약속을 이행하지 않으면 안 돼요.

You must fulfill your promise.

-지 않으면 안 되다 (double negative for emphasis).

이행할 수 있습니까?

Can you fulfill it?

-ㄹ 수 있다 (can).

이행한 후에 알려주세요.

Please let me know after you fulfill it.

-(으)ㄴ 후에 (after).

모두가 이행하려고 노력해요.

Everyone is trying to fulfill it.

-려고 노력하다 (try to).

이행하는 법을 배워요.

I am learning how to fulfill it.

-는 법 (how to).

이행하기 위해서 왔어요.

I came here to fulfill it.

-기 위해서 (in order to).

계약 조건을 정확히 이행해 주세요.

Please fulfill the contract terms accurately.

Formal request.

정부는 공약을 이행하겠다고 약속했습니다.

The government promised to fulfill its pledges.

Indirect speech.

의무를 이행하는 것은 시민의 도리입니다.

Fulfilling duties is the duty of a citizen.

Noun phrase as subject.

합의 사항이 제대로 이행되지 않았습니다.

The terms of the agreement were not properly implemented.

Passive nuance with '되다'.

이행 여부를 확인해야 합니다.

We need to check whether it has been fulfilled.

Noun combination '이행 여부'.

그는 자신의 책임을 끝까지 이행했다.

He fulfilled his responsibility to the end.

Plain style (-다).

이행하지 못할 약속은 하지 마세요.

Don't make promises you can't fulfill.

-지 못하다 (cannot).

조건을 이행하면 보상을 드립니다.

If you fulfill the conditions, we will give you a reward.

Conditional (-면).

계약 불이행으로 인해 손해가 발생했습니다.

Losses occurred due to non-fulfillment of the contract.

Noun '불이행' + '-으로 인해' (due to).

성실한 이행만이 신뢰를 회복하는 길입니다.

Only faithful fulfillment is the way to restore trust.

Emphasis with '만이'.

법적 의무를 이행하지 않을 경우 처벌을 받습니다.

If legal obligations are not fulfilled, you will be punished.

Formal conditional 'ㄹ 경우'.

그 기업은 환경 규제를 철저히 이행하고 있다.

The company is thoroughly implementing environmental regulations.

Adverb '철저히'.

약속 이행을 촉구하는 공문을 보냈습니다.

We sent an official letter urging the fulfillment of the promise.

Noun '촉구' (urge).

합의가 이행될 수 있도록 협조해 주십시오.

Please cooperate so that the agreement can be implemented.

-도록 (so that).

그는 공약을 이행하지 못해 비판을 받았다.

He was criticized for failing to fulfill his pledges.

Reason/cause with '-어/아'.

이행 단계에서 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다.

Problems may arise during the implementation stage.

Noun '단계' (stage).

국제 조약을 성실히 이행하는 것이 국가 이익에 부합합니다.

Faithfully fulfilling international treaties aligns with national interests.

Academic tone.

채무 이행을 강제하기 위한 법적 절차를 밟고 있습니다.

We are taking legal steps to enforce the fulfillment of the debt.

Complex noun phrases.

정책의 이행 과정에서 투명성이 확보되어야 합니다.

Transparency must be ensured in the process of policy implementation.

Passive '-어/아지다'.

이행 지체에 따른 이자를 지급해야 합니다.

Interest must be paid due to the delay in fulfillment.

Legal term '이행 지체'.

그는 사회적 책임을 이행하는 데 앞장서고 있다.

He is taking the lead in fulfilling social responsibilities.

-는 데 (in the act of).

이행 여부를 주기적으로 점검할 계획입니다.

We plan to periodically check the status of fulfillment.

Adverb '주기적으로'.

계약서상의 모든 조항을 이행했음을 증명합니다.

I certify that all clauses in the contract have been fulfilled.

-음을 (nominalization).

이행 불능 상태에 빠진 기업들이 늘고 있습니다.

The number of companies in a state of inability to perform is increasing.

Legal term '이행 불능'.

신의성실의 원칙에 따라 계약을 이행해야 합니다.

The contract must be fulfilled in accordance with the principle of good faith.

Legal maxim '신의성실'.

이행 강제금 부과는 실효성 있는 제재 수단입니다.

Imposing non-compliance fines is an effective means of sanction.

Highly technical vocabulary.

권리 행사는 의무 이행과 병행되어야 마땅합니다.

The exercise of rights should naturally go hand in hand with the fulfillment of duties.

-어/아야 마땅하다 (it is only right that...).

동시이행 항변권을 행사하여 대금 지급을 거절했다.

They refused to pay by exercising the right to plea of simultaneous performance.

Specific legal right terminology.

이행의 완료가 계약의 소멸을 의미하지는 않습니다.

Completion of performance does not necessarily mean the termination of the contract.

Nuanced semantic distinction.

조약의 자발적 이행을 유도하기 위한 외교적 노력이 지속되고 있다.

Diplomatic efforts to induce voluntary fulfillment of the treaty are continuing.

Complex sentence structure.

이행 보증 보험에 가입하여 위험을 분산시켰습니다.

We diversified the risk by signing up for performance guarantee insurance.

Financial/Legal context.

불가항력적인 사유로 인해 이행이 지연될 수 있음을 양해 바랍니다.

Please understand that fulfillment may be delayed due to force majeure.

Extremely formal business language.

Synonymes

실행하다 지키다 실천하다 수행하다

Antonymes

어기다 위반하다 거부하다

Collocations courantes

계약을 이행하다

약속을 이행하다

의무를 이행하다

공약을 이행하다

합의를 이행하다

조건을 이행하다

성실히 이행하다

즉각 이행하다

강제 이행

불이행 시

Phrases Courantes

이행 여부

— Whether or not something has been fulfilled. Used to check status.

약속 이행 여부를 확인해 주세요.

이행 단계

— The stage of implementation or fulfillment.

지금은 계획의 이행 단계에 있습니다.

이행 명령

— A legal order to perform a specific action.

법원에서 이행 명령이 떨어졌다.

이행 보증

— A guarantee that a contract will be fulfilled.

이행 보증 보험에 가입하는 것이 안전합니다.

이행 지체

— A delay in fulfilling an obligation.

이행 지체로 인해 추가 비용이 발생했다.

이행 완료

— The completion of fulfillment.

의무 이행 완료 보고서를 제출하세요.

이행 촉구

— Urging or demanding fulfillment.

채권자는 이행 촉구 서신을 보냈다.

이행 불능

— The state of being unable to fulfill an obligation.

파산으로 인해 계약 이행 불능 상태가 되었다.

이행 계획서

— A written plan for how to fulfill an obligation.

개선 이행 계획서를 작성해 오세요.

이행 실적

— The record or track record of fulfillment.

공약 이행 실적을 평가받아야 합니다.

Souvent confondu avec

이행하다 vs 실천하다

Focuses on putting a plan or ideal into practice, while 이행하다 focuses on fulfilling an obligation.

이행하다 vs 수행하다

Focuses on the act of carrying out a specific task or mission, whereas 이행하다 is about fulfilling an agreement.

이행하다 vs 지키다

The common, broader word for 'keep' or 'protect'. 이행하다 is its formal counterpart for obligations.

Expressions idiomatiques

"말한 바를 이행하다"

— To do exactly what one said. Similar to 'walking the talk'.

그는 자신이 말한 바를 반드시 이행하는 사람이다.

Formal

"끝까지 이행하다"

— To see something through to the very end.

어려운 상황에서도 책임을 끝까지 이행했다.

Neutral

"토 하나 달지 않고 이행하다"

— To carry out an order without a single complaint or excuse.

그는 상사의 지시를 토 하나 달지 않고 이행했다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"성실 이행"

— Used as a standalone principle of sincere performance.

우리의 원칙은 성실 이행입니다.

Business

"빈말이 아님을 이행으로 증명하다"

— To prove that one's words were not empty by taking action.

그는 자신의 약속이 빈말이 아님을 이행으로 증명했다.

Formal

"제 발로 이행하다"

— To fulfill something voluntarily without being forced.

그는 누가 시키기도 전에 제 발로 의무를 이행했다.

Neutral

"손바닥 뒤집듯 이행을 거부하다"

— To suddenly refuse to fulfill a promise as easily as flipping one's hand.

그는 손바닥 뒤집듯 약속 이행을 거부했다.

Critical

"이행의 칼자루를 쥐다"

— To hold the power over whether something is fulfilled or not.

현재 우리가 이행의 칼자루를 쥐고 있다.

Metaphorical

"이행의 첫 단추를 끼우다"

— To take the first step in fulfilling a long-term plan.

드디어 공약 이행의 첫 단추를 끼웠습니다.

Journalistic

"이행의 마침표를 찍다"

— To successfully complete the final step of an obligation.

오늘로써 모든 계약 이행의 마침표를 찍었습니다.

Formal

Facile à confondre

이행하다 vs 실행하다

Both mean 'to carry out'.

실행하다 is more general for executing any plan or command. 이행하다 is specifically for fulfilling a prior commitment or duty.

프로그램을 실행하다 (Execute a program) vs. 계약을 이행하다 (Fulfill a contract).

이행하다 vs 완수하다

Both involve finishing something.

완수하다 emphasizes the 'perfect completion' of a mission. 이행하다 emphasizes the 'fulfillment' of terms.

임무를 완수하다 (Complete a mission) vs. 약속을 이행하다 (Fulfill a promise).

이행하다 vs 준수하다

Both involve following rules.

준수하다 means to comply with or observe (laws/standards). 이행하다 means to carry out an active obligation.

법규를 준수하다 (Comply with laws) vs. 의무를 이행하다 (Fulfill a duty).

이행하다 vs 집행하다

Both are formal 'doing' words.

집행하다 is for enforcing or executing something (like a budget or sentence). 이행하다 is for fulfilling one's own part of a deal.

예산을 집행하다 (Execute a budget) vs. 합의를 이행하다 (Fulfill an agreement).

이행하다 vs 처리하다

Both involve handling tasks.

처리하다 is about 'dealing with' or 'processing' work. 이행하다 is about 'honoring' a commitment.

서류를 처리하다 (Process documents) vs. 조건을 이행하다 (Fulfill conditions).

Structures de phrases

N을/를 이행해요.

약속을 이행해요.

N을/를 성실히 이행하겠습니다.

의무를 성실히 이행하겠습니다.

N이/가 이행되지 않았습니다.

합의가 이행되지 않았습니다.

N을/를 이행하지 않을 경우...

계약을 이행하지 않을 경우 위약금이 있습니다.

N의 이행 여부를 확인하다.

공약의 이행 여부를 확인하다.

N 이행에 따른 책임.

의무 이행에 따른 책임을 집니다.

N을/를 이행함에 있어...

조약을 이행함에 있어 어려움이 있습니다.

N의 강제 이행을 청구하다.

채무의 강제 이행을 청구하다.

Famille de mots

Noms

이행 Fulfillment, performance, implementation

불이행 Non-fulfillment, non-performance

이행자 The person who fulfills an obligation

Verbes

이행하다 To fulfill, to carry out

이행되다 To be fulfilled, to be implemented

이행시키다 To make someone fulfill something

Apparenté

실천 (Practice)

수행 (Execution)

완수 (Completion)

준수 (Compliance)

계약 (Contract)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in formal/written Korean; Medium-Low in casual spoken Korean.

Erreurs courantes

Using 이행하다 for dreams. → 꿈을 이루다 / 실현하다.
이행하다 is for duties and contracts, not personal aspirations.
Using 이행하다 in casual conversation with friends. → 약속을 지키다.
이행하다 is too formal and sounds unnatural in a casual setting.
Confusing 이행하다 with 수행하다. → 임무를 수행하다 / 계약을 이행하다.
수행 is for the act of doing a task; 이행 is for fulfilling an agreement.
Saying '약속이 이행하다'. → 약속을 이행하다.
이행하다 is a transitive verb and needs the object particle '을/를'.
Using 이행하다 for 'performing' a song or dance. → 공연하다.
이행하다 is for performance of duties, not artistic performances.

Astuces

Business Emails

When asking a partner to fulfill their part of a deal, use '이행해 주시기 바랍니다' (We hope you fulfill...). It is the most professional way to make a request.

Noun Forms

In news headlines, you'll often see '이행' without '하다'. For example, '공약 이행 촉구' (Urging fulfillment of pledges). This is a common way to shorten titles.

Legal Weight

Remember that '이행' implies a legal or social obligation. Don't use it for things that are purely optional or spontaneous.

The 'Path' Concept

Think of the Hanja 履 (shoe). You are putting on your 'action shoes' to walk the path you promised. If you don't walk, you aren't '이행'-ing.

Antonym Check

Learn '불이행' (non-fulfillment) alongside '이행'. Knowing the negative form helps you understand legal and business warnings.

Government News

Pay attention to news about '공약' (election pledges). This is the most frequent context for '이행' in daily Korean media.

TOPIK Exam

Using '이행하다' in the TOPIK II writing section (Task 53 or 54) will help you get a higher score for vocabulary diversity.

Formal Debates

If you are participating in a debate, use '이행' to talk about responsibility. It sounds much more convincing than '지키다'.

Contract Discussions

In K-Dramas involving business (like 'Start-Up' or 'Misaeng'), listen for this word during contract negotiation scenes.

Social Trust

In Korea, '이행' is tied to 'Sinyong' (credit/trust). Being someone who '이행's their word is the highest compliment in business.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'E-Haeng' as 'E-Execution'. The 'E' stands for 'Execute' and 'Haeng' sounds like 'Hang'—you hang onto your promise until it's done.

Association visuelle

Imagine a pair of formal business shoes (履) walking along a dotted line (行) that represents a contract.

Word Web

계약 약속 의무 공약 합의 실천 수행 준수

Défi

Try to use '이행하다' in a sentence about a New Year's resolution, but make it sound like a formal legal contract.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Hanja characters 履 (신 이) and 行 (다닐 행). The character 履 originally meant 'shoe' or 'to tread', and 行 means 'to go' or 'to act'.

Sens originel : To tread the path of action; to follow through with one's steps.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo).

Contexte culturel

This is a formal and neutral word. It is not offensive, but using it in very casual settings might make you seem distant or cold.

In English, we often say 'keep a promise' or 'fulfill a contract.' '이행하다' is more formal, similar to the English legal term 'performance' of a contract.

The 'Election Pledge Fulfillment Evaluation' (공약이행 평가) performed by the Manifesto Headquarters in Korea. Legal documents regarding the 'Inter-Korean Basic Agreement' (남북기본합의서) and its fulfillment. The concept of 'Performance of Obligations' in the Korean Civil Code.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Business Meetings

계약 이행 여부
이행 단계 보고
조건 이행 확인
이행 시기 조율

Legal/Court

이행 명령
강제 이행
이행 불능
채무 이행

News/Politics

공약 이행률
조약 이행 촉구
합의 이행
성실한 이행

Official Documents

이행 계획서
이행 보증서
이행 완료 신고
미이행 사유

Personal Resolutions

약속 이행
목표 이행
계획 이행
의무 이행

Amorces de conversation

"정부가 공약을 잘 이행하고 있다고 생각하세요? (Do you think the government is fulfilling its pledges well?)"

"계약을 이행하지 않는 사람을 어떻게 대처해야 할까요? (How should we deal with someone who doesn't fulfill a contract?)"

"약속을 이행하는 것이 왜 중요할까요? (Why is it important to fulfill promises?)"

"이행하기 가장 어려운 의무는 무엇인가요? (What is the most difficult duty to fulfill?)"

"최근에 이행한 가장 큰 약속은 무엇입니까? (What is the biggest promise you fulfilled recently?)"

Sujets d'écriture

내가 올해 세운 계획들을 얼마나 잘 이행하고 있는지 적어보세요. (Write about how well you are implementing the plans you made this year.)

약속 이행이 인간관계에 미치는 영향에 대해 서술하세요. (Describe the impact of fulfilling promises on human relationships.)

사회적 의무를 이행하는 것에 대한 본인의 철학을 써보세요. (Write your philosophy on fulfilling social duties.)

계약 불이행으로 인해 겪었던 경험이 있다면 공유해 주세요. (Share an experience you had due to a breach of contract.)

정치인의 공약 이행률을 높일 수 있는 방법에 대해 제안해 보세요. (Suggest ways to increase the fulfillment rate of politicians' pledges.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

It is not recommended. Using '이행하다' with friends sounds overly formal and robotic. Instead, use '지키다' (to keep) for promises. For example, say '약속 지킬게' instead of '약속을 이행할게'.

이행 is fulfilling a requirement or obligation (like a contract). 실천 is putting an idea or personal goal into action (like a diet or a moral value). You '이행' a legal duty, but you '실천' a healthy lifestyle.

Yes, it is very common in news, business, and legal contexts. If you read a Korean newspaper, you will see it almost every day.

The word is '불이행' (bul-i-haeng). It is often used in the phrase '계약 불이행' (breach of contract or non-performance of contract).

Yes, it is a transitive verb, so it usually takes an object marked with the object particles 을 or 를. For example, '의무를 이행하다'.

It uses 履 (신 이 - shoe/tread) and 行 (다닐 행 - go/act). It literally means 'to tread the path of action'.

No. For stage performances, use '공연하다' (to perform a show) or '연기하다' (to act). '이행하다' is only for fulfilling duties or promises.

'이행 지체' (i-haeng ji-che) is a legal term meaning 'delay in performance.' It refers to a situation where someone can still fulfill their duty but has missed the deadline.

No, it's not natural. To fulfill or achieve a dream, use '이루다' or '실현하다'.

Yes, '이행되다' (to be fulfilled/implemented) is the passive form. For example, '합의가 이행되었다' (The agreement was implemented).

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