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A2 adverb #300 सबसे आम 12 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

مثلاً

शीर्ष 300

At the A1 level, 'masalan' is introduced as a simple equivalent to 'for example.' Students learn to use it to list items. For instance, 'I like colors, masalan blue.' It is one of the first adverbs students learn because it helps them expand their limited vocabulary by pointing to specific things they know. At this stage, the focus is on the basic meaning and the 'an' pronunciation at the end. Teachers emphasize that it shouldn't be confused with 'mesle' (like). The goal is for the student to be able to provide a single example after a general category. Example: 'I have many friends, masalan Ali.' This simple structure allows A1 learners to communicate more detail than they otherwise could with just basic nouns and verbs.

At the A2 level, students begin to use 'masalan' more naturally in conversation. They move beyond simple lists and start using it to clarify their thoughts. They might use it to suggest something: 'Masalan, let's go to the cinema.' They also start to recognize it as a filler word in the speech of native speakers. At A2, learners should be able to place 'masalan' in different parts of a sentence, not just at the end. They also learn the difference between the noun 'mesal' and the adverb 'masalan.' The focus is on increasing the flow of speech and using 'masalan' to bridge sentences. They might also start using it to describe hypothetical situations in a very basic way, like 'Masalan, if I have money, I buy a car.'

By B1, the learner should be comfortable using 'masalan' in a variety of contexts, including semi-formal ones. They start to use it to introduce more complex illustrations for their opinions. For example, 'I think technology is good; masalan, we can talk to people far away.' They also begin to understand the 'supposedly' or 'ostensibly' nuance of the word in colloquial speech. A B1 student can distinguish between 'masalan' and more formal alternatives like 'be-onvane mesal' and might start using the latter in written assignments. They are also more aware of the 'filler' role and can use it to give themselves 'thinking time' during a conversation without breaking the flow of the Persian language.

At the B2 level, 'masalan' is used with nuance. The learner can use it to set up complex hypothetical arguments or to add a touch of irony to their speech. They understand how 'masalan' can change the tone of a sentence from a direct statement to a suggestion or a possibility. They are proficient in using it within the 'Ta'arof' system to soften requests. B2 learners also recognize the word's Arabic roots and how the tanwin functions grammatically. They can use 'masalan' in academic discussions to provide evidence for their claims. Their pronunciation is near-native, correctly handling the final 'an' sound even in rapid speech. They also start using synonyms like 'farzan' and 'baraye nemune' correctly based on the context.

At C1, the speaker uses 'masalan' with the same flexibility as a native speaker. They can use it as a rhetorical device to lead an audience through a complex argument. They understand the subtle differences between 'masalan' and its many synonyms and choose the most appropriate one for the register. In literature or high-level journalism, they can identify when 'masalan' is being used to create a specific stylistic effect. They are also fully aware of the word's history and its role in the evolution of modern Persian. A C1 learner can use 'masalan' to navigate very delicate social situations, using its 'softening' effect to negotiate or disagree politely. They can also use it to express sarcasm or skepticism with perfect intonation.

At the C2 level, mastery of 'masalan' is absolute. The speaker uses it instinctively and can even play with its usage for comedic or poetic effect. They are familiar with its use in classical-style modern prose and can explain its grammatical function in depth. They can use it in high-stakes professional environments, such as legal or diplomatic settings, where the distinction between a 'fact' and an 'example' (masalan) is crucial. A C2 speaker can also identify regional variations in its use across the Persian-speaking world. They have a deep appreciation for how such a small word carries so much weight in the rhythm and logic of Persian thought and communication. They use it not just as a word, but as a tool for sophisticated linguistic maneuvering.

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

مثلاً 30 सेकंड में

Masalan is the primary Persian adverb for 'for example,' used in all levels of speech from formal to very informal.
It is an Arabic loanword ending in 'tanwin,' meaning the final 'n' sound is essential for correct pronunciation.
Beyond giving examples, it functions as a filler word, a way to suggest ideas politely, and a marker for hypothetical scenarios.
Common synonyms include 'be-onvane mesal' (formal) and 'farzan' (hypothetical), while 'mesle' is a distinct word meaning 'like'.

The Persian word مثلاً (pronounced as 'masalan') is one of the most indispensable adverbs in the Persian language. At its core, it translates to 'for example' or 'for instance' in English. However, its utility in Persian discourse extends far beyond simple categorization or listing. It is derived from the Arabic root 'm-th-l' (مثل), which relates to likeness, similarity, or parables. The addition of the 'tanwin' suffix (the two small diagonal strokes above the final 'alif') transforms the noun 'mesl' (likeness) into the adverb 'masalan' (by way of likeness). This linguistic structure is common in formal and semi-formal Persian, yet 'masalan' has become so deeply embedded in the vernacular that it is used by speakers of all ages and social backgrounds in Iran, Afghanistan (where it may be pronounced slightly differently), and Tajikistan.

The Primary Function: The most common use is to introduce an illustration of a general point. If you are discussing fruits you like, you might say, 'I like many fruits, for example, apples.' In Persian, this becomes 'Man miveh-ha-ye ziadi ra doust daram, masalan sib.'
The Filler Word Nuance: In colloquial Iranian Persian, 'masalan' often serves as a 'filler word' similar to how English speakers use 'like' or 'you know.' It provides the speaker with a moment to think while signaling that they are about to provide more detail or clarify their previous statement.
Hypothetical Scenarios: It is frequently used to set up a 'what if' situation. When a speaker says 'Masalan fekr kon...' they are saying 'For instance, imagine...' or 'Suppose that...' This usage is vital for abstract reasoning and creative storytelling in Persian.

اگر بخواهیم به سفر برویم، مثلاً به شمال، باید از الان برنامه ریزی کنیم.
Translation: If we want to go on a trip, for example to the North, we must plan from now.

Furthermore, 'masalan' is used to soften requests or suggestions. Instead of saying 'Let's go to the park,' one might say 'Masalan berim park?' which translates to 'What if we go to the park?' or 'How about we go to the park, for instance?' This makes the suggestion feel less like a command and more like an open-ended possibility. This politeness and indirectness are hallmarks of 'Ta'arof' and general Persian social etiquette. Understanding 'masalan' is therefore not just about learning a vocabulary word, but about grasping the social fabric of Persian communication.

می‌توانیم مثلاً فردا همدیگر را ببینیم؟
Translation: Could we, for example, see each other tomorrow?

In academic writing, 'masalan' remains perfectly acceptable, though it is often replaced by more formal synonyms like 'be-onvane mesal' (as an example) or 'baraye nemune' (for instance). However, in a lecture or a seminar, 'masalan' is the go-to term for clarifying complex theories. It bridges the gap between the abstract and the concrete. If a professor is explaining a grammatical rule, they will inevitably use 'masalan' to introduce a sample sentence. This versatility makes it a high-frequency word that learners will encounter in textbooks, news broadcasts, movies, and street conversations alike.

Register Variation: While 'masalan' is universal, its placement can signal formality. Placing it at the very beginning of a sentence often feels more deliberate and formal, whereas tucking it after a verb or subject is more common in relaxed, everyday speech.

مثلاً همین دیروز، او به من زنگ زد و همه چیز را گفت.
Translation: For instance, just yesterday, he called me and told me everything.

Using مثلاً correctly involves understanding its syntactic flexibility. Unlike some English conjunctions that have fixed positions, 'masalan' can float within a sentence depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize. Its most straightforward placement is immediately before the noun or phrase it is exemplifying. For example, if you are listing hobbies, you would place 'masalan' right before the specific hobby you want to highlight. This creates a clear logical link between the general category and the specific instance.

Placement Before Nouns: When 'masalan' precedes a noun, it acts as a pointer. 'Man ghaza-haye tond ra doust daram, masalan ghaza-haye Hendi' (I like spicy foods, for example, Indian foods). Here, it serves as a direct bridge.
Mid-Sentence Interruption: Speakers often use 'masalan' to pause and add a clarifying detail mid-thought. 'U masalan mikhandid vali ghamgin bud' (He was, for example, laughing, but he was sad). In this context, it adds a layer of 'supposedly' or 'ostensibly' to the action.

او همیشه دیر می‌آید، مثلاً امروز نیم ساعت دیر کرد.
Translation: He always comes late; for example, today he was half an hour late.

Another sophisticated use of 'masalan' is in the construction of hypothetical questions. This is particularly common in debates or when brainstorming. By starting a sentence with 'Masalan age...' (For example, if...), the speaker invites the listener into a simulated reality. This is a crucial tool for negotiation and problem-solving in Persian. It allows for the exploration of consequences without committing to a specific course of action. It softens the hypothetical, making it feel like just one of many possibilities.

In more complex sentences, 'masalan' can be used to contrast a general rule with a specific exception or a particularly illustrative case. It often works in tandem with words like 'vaghan' (really) or 'hata' (even) to add emphasis. For instance, 'Hameye bache-ha masalan bayad dars bekhanand' (All children, for example, must study). Here, it reinforces the universality of the statement by implying that the specific example of 'studying' is just one of many obligations, yet the most prominent one.

مثلاً فکر کن تو رئیس این شرکت بودی، چه کار می‌کردی؟
Translation: For example, imagine you were the CEO of this company; what would you do?

The 'Supposedly' Nuance: Sometimes 'masalan' is used to imply that something is not quite what it seems. 'Masalan dare dars mikhoune' can mean 'He is supposedly studying' (but actually he is playing games). This ironic usage is very common in informal speech.

او مثلاً بهترین دوست من است، اما هیچ وقت به من کمک نمی‌کند.
Translation: He is, for example (supposedly), my best friend, but he never helps me.

If you walk through the streets of Tehran or listen to a Persian podcast, you will hear مثلاً constantly. It is a linguistic 'Swiss Army Knife.' In the Grand Bazaar, a merchant might use it to explain the quality of a carpet: 'In farsh, masalan, rang-ash tabiee ast' (This carpet, for example, its color is natural). Here, it serves to highlight a specific selling point among many. It anchors the listener's attention to a concrete detail in a sea of sensory information.

In Iranian Cinema: In the films of directors like Asghar Farhadi, characters use 'masalan' to navigate moral ambiguities. It often appears in long dialogues where characters are trying to explain their motivations or justify their actions through hypothetical scenarios.
In the Classroom: Teachers use it to break down complex topics. A math teacher might say, 'Masalan in moadeleh ra dar nazar begirid' (For example, consider this equation). It is the universal signal for 'pay attention, here is a practical application.'

توی این کتاب، مثلاً در فصل سوم، درباره تاریخ ایران توضیح داده شده.
Translation: In this book, for example in the third chapter, the history of Iran is explained.

In social media and texting, 'masalan' is often used to set the tone of a message. It can make a statement feel less blunt. If someone asks for advice, the responder might start with 'Masalan mituni...' (For example, you could...). This provides a suggestion without being overbearing. On platforms like Instagram or Twitter (X), you'll see it used in captions to provide context to a photo or a thought. It’s also used in memes to point out ironic or 'supposed' situations, often paired with emojis to convey sarcasm.

In the family setting, parents use 'masalan' to teach children about consequences or to tell stories. 'Masalan ye ruzi ye khargoush bud...' (For instance, one day there was a rabbit...). It acts as a narrative opener, similar to 'Once upon a time' but more grounded in the act of providing an example of a story. It’s also used in 'Ta'arof' exchanges. If someone offers you food and you want to suggest something else politely, you might say, 'Masalan age momkene ye kami ab bedid' (For example, if possible, give me a little water). It softens the request significantly.

بیا مثلاً وانمود کنیم که هم را نمی‌شناسیم.
Translation: Let's, for example, pretend that we don't know each other.

News and Media: In news broadcasts, 'masalan' is used to provide specific data points after a general statement about the economy or politics. 'Gheimat-ha bala rafte ast, masalan gheimat-e goosht' (Prices have gone up, for example, the price of meat).

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using مثلاً is mispronouncing the final syllable. Because the word ends with the letter 'alif' (ا), learners often want to pronounce it as a long 'ā' sound (like 'masalā'). However, the two small strokes above the alif (ً) are the 'tanwin-e nasb,' which indicates an 'an' sound. Failing to pronounce the 'n' makes the word sound like 'mesla' (like/similar to), which can change the meaning of the sentence or simply make the speaker sound uneducated in the language's mechanics.

Confusing 'Masalan' with 'Mesle': 'Mesle' means 'like' and is a preposition (e.g., 'like a lion'). 'Masalan' is an adverb meaning 'for example.' You cannot say 'Masalan shir' if you mean 'Like a lion' in a comparative sense. You use 'masalan' only when providing an instance of a broader category.
Overuse as a Filler: While native speakers use it as a filler, beginners often over-rely on it, which can make their speech sound repetitive. It's important to learn other transition words like 'ya'ni' (meaning/i.e.) or 'khob' (well) to vary your speech patterns.

Incorrect: من مثل مثلاً برادرم هستم.
Correct: من مثلِ برادرم هستم.
Note: Don't use 'masalan' when you mean 'like' in a direct comparison.

Another mistake is the incorrect placement in very formal writing. While 'masalan' is acceptable, in a high-level academic paper, using it too frequently can make the prose feel too 'chatty.' In such cases, it is better to use 'be-onvane mesal' or 'az jomleh' (including). Learners should also be careful not to use 'masalan' at the end of a sentence in a way that leaves the thought hanging, unless they are doing so for rhetorical effect in a conversation. In English, we might say 'For example...' and then stop, but in Persian, this can sound incomplete.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'masalan' with 'mesal' (the noun for 'example'). You cannot say 'In yek masalan ast' (This is a for example). You must say 'In yek mesal ast' (This is an example). 'Masalan' is an adverb and cannot function as the subject or object of a sentence. It only modifies the action or the context of the statement. Understanding the difference between the noun 'mesal' and the adverb 'masalan' is a key milestone in moving from A1 to A2/B1 levels of Persian proficiency.

Incorrect: این یک مثلاً خوب است.
Correct: این یک مثالِ خوب است.
Note: Use the noun 'mesal' when you need 'example' as a noun.

Tense Mismatch: When using 'masalan' to set up a hypothetical (suppose...), make sure your verb tense matches the hypothetical nature of the sentence, often using the subjunctive mood.

While مثلاً is the most common way to say 'for example,' Persian offers a rich palette of alternatives that can help you sound more sophisticated or precise depending on the context. Understanding these synonyms allows you to tailor your register to your audience, whether you are chatting with a friend or writing a formal report. The choice of word often depends on whether you are providing a single example, a list of examples, or a hypothetical scenario.

به‌عنوان مثال (Be-onvane Mesal): Literally 'as an example.' This is the standard formal alternative to 'masalan.' It is used frequently in news, books, and formal speeches. It sounds more deliberate and structured than the quick 'masalan.'
برای نمونه (Baraye Nemune): Meaning 'for instance' or 'as a sample.' 'Nemune' specifically refers to a sample or a specimen. This is often used when the example is a physical object or a representative case of a larger group.
فرضاً (Farzan): Meaning 'supposedly' or 'hypothetically.' This is the best alternative when 'masalan' is being used to set up a 'what if' scenario. It comes from the root 'farz' (assumption).

بسیاری از شاعران ایرانی، مانندِ حافظ و سعدی، در جهان شناخته شده‌اند.
Translation: Many Iranian poets, such as Hafez and Saadi, are known in the world. (Using 'manand-e' for 'such as')

Another useful phrase is 'az jomleh' (از جمله), which means 'among which' or 'including.' This is perfect for when you are listing several items and want to highlight one or two as examples. For example: 'Mive-haye tabestani, az jomleh hendevane...' (Summer fruits, including watermelon...). This feels more integrated into the sentence than 'masalan.' For very literary or archaic contexts, you might encounter 'guye' (گویی), which means 'as if,' though its usage is quite different from the modern 'masalan.'

In summary, while 'masalan' is your 'go-to' word, being aware of 'nemune,' 'farz,' and 'manand' will significantly enhance your Persian fluency. Each of these words carries a slightly different 'flavor.' 'Masalan' is the most flexible and common, 'be-onvane mesal' is the most professional, and 'farzan' is the most intellectual. By mastering the nuances between these, you move from simply translating English thoughts into Persian to actually thinking and expressing yourself within the logic of the Persian language.

فرضاً که این حرف درست باشد، باز هم مشکلی را حل نمی‌کند.
Translation: Supposedly (Assuming) that this statement is true, it still doesn't solve any problem.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

"بسیاری از صنایع، مثلاً صنعت نفت، در حال رشد هستند."

तटस्थ

"می‌توانیم مثلاً فردا به سینما برویم."

अनौपचारिक

"مثلاً فکر کن من اصلاً نیام، چی می‌شه؟"

Child friendly

"مثلاً تو مامان باش، من بابا."

बोलचाल

"حالا مثلاً که چی؟ خیلی کار بزرگی کردی؟"

रोचक तथ्य

The 'tanwin' ending (-an) is a distinct Arabic grammatical feature that Persian adopted for many of its most common adverbs, creating a unique sub-category of Persian vocabulary.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /mæ.sæ.ˈlæn/

US /mæ.sæ.ˈlæn/

The stress is on the final syllable: ma-sa-LAN.

तुकबंदी

قبلاً (ghablan - previously) فعلاً (fe'lan - for now) حتماً (hatman - definitely) واقعاً (vaghe'an - really) احتمالاً (ehtemalan - probably) ظاهراً (zaheran - apparently) عملاً (amalan - practically) اصلاً (aslan - at all)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing it as 'masalā' (dropping the 'n').
Pronouncing the 's' as a 'z' (mazalan).
Putting the stress on the first syllable (MAsalan).
Using a long 'ā' sound for the first two vowels.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'mesle' (like).

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the tanwin mark.

लिखना 3/5

Requires remembering the alif with tanwin (اً).

बोलना 2/5

Easy to say, but requires the final 'n' sound.

श्रवण 2/5

Very frequent, easy to pick out in conversation.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

مثل (mesl) مثال (mesal) اگر (agar) فکر کردن (fekr kardan) نام (nam)

आगे सीखें

واقعاً (vaghe'an) احتمالاً (ehtemalan) حتماً (hatman) یعنی (ya'ni) بنابراین (banabar-in)

उन्नत

فرضاً (farzan) گویی (guyi) کأنّ (ka-anna - Arabic, rare) به‌مثابه (be-masabe) تمثیل‌وار (tamsil-var)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Tanwin-e Nasb

The ending 'اً' in مثلاً creates the 'an' sound, turning a noun into an adverb.

Subjunctive Mood with Hypotheticals

When using 'masalan' for 'suppose', the following verb is often in the subjunctive (e.g., Masalan fekr kon beravim).

Adverbial Placement

Adverbs like 'masalan' can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a clause for different emphasis.

Ezafe Construction vs. Adverbs

Contrast 'mesl-e man' (like me - uses ezafe) with 'masalan man' (for example, me - no ezafe).

Loanword Integration

Arabic loanwords in Persian often retain their original adverbial markers like tanwin.

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

من میوه دوست دارم، مثلاً سیب.

I like fruit, for example, apples.

Simple use of 'masalan' to introduce a noun.

او ورزش می‌کند، مثلاً فوتبال.

He does sports, for example, football.

Masalan links a general category (sports) to a specific one (football).

مثلاً، این کتاب را بخوان.

For example, read this book.

Masalan used at the beginning for emphasis.

ما رنگ‌ها را می‌شناسیم، مثلاً قرمز.

We know the colors, for example, red.

Listing a specific item from a known group.

او زبان می‌خواند، مثلاً فارسی.

He studies languages, for example, Persian.

Masalan used to specify a field of study.

مثلاً ساعت پنج بیا.

For example, come at five o'clock.

Using masalan to suggest a specific time.

من غذا می‌خورم، مثلاً برنج.

I eat food, for example, rice.

Common everyday usage.

او ماشین دارد، مثلاً پراید.

He has a car, for example, a Pride.

Using a specific brand as an example.

می‌توانیم مثلاً به پارک برویم.

We could, for example, go to the park.

Masalan used to make a polite suggestion.

مثلاً فکر کن فردا تعطیل است.

For example, imagine tomorrow is a holiday.

Setting up a simple hypothetical situation.

او کارهای زیادی دارد، مثلاً باید خرید کند.

He has many things to do; for example, he has to go shopping.

Using masalan to introduce a verb phrase/task.

مثلاً اگر باران ببارد، چه کار می‌کنی؟

For example, if it rains, what will you do?

Using masalan with a conditional 'if' (age) clause.

من موسیقی سنتی دوست دارم، مثلاً کارهای شجریان.

I like traditional music, for example, Shajarian's works.

Specifying an artist within a genre.

او مثلاً می‌خواست به من کمک کند.

He supposedly wanted to help me.

Using masalan to imply 'supposedly' or 'ostensibly'.

مثلاً همین دیروز او را دیدم.

For instance, I saw him just yesterday.

Using masalan to provide a specific recent instance.

بیا مثلاً با اتوبوس برویم.

Let's, for example, go by bus.

Suggesting a mode of transport.

بسیاری از کشورها، مثلاً آلمان، قوانین سختی دارند.

Many countries, for example Germany, have strict laws.

Inserting masalan between a subject and its description.

او مثلاً دکتر است، ولی هیچی نمی‌داند.

He is supposedly a doctor, but he knows nothing.

Ironic use of masalan to question someone's status.

مثلاً فرض کنید که ما در یک جزیره هستیم.

For example, suppose that we are on an island.

Combining masalan with 'farz konid' (suppose) for emphasis.

می‌توانید از منابع مختلف، مثلاً اینترنت، استفاده کنید.

You can use various sources, for example, the internet.

Providing a modern example of a general resource.

مثلاً اگر بخواهیم خانه بخریم، چقدر پول لازم داریم؟

For example, if we want to buy a house, how much money do we need?

Using masalan to initiate a financial discussion.

او مثلاً دارد درس می‌خواند، ولی دارد بازی می‌کند.

He is supposedly studying, but he is playing.

Contrastive use of masalan to show reality vs. appearance.

مثلاً همین که تو اینجایی، برای من کافی است.

For instance, the fact that you are here is enough for me.

Using masalan to highlight a specific emotional point.

باید به نکات ایمنی، مثلاً بستن کمربند، توجه کرد.

One must pay attention to safety tips, for example, wearing a seatbelt.

Formal instruction using masalan for clarification.

این موضوع ابعاد مختلفی دارد، مثلاً از نظر اقتصادی.

This subject has various dimensions, for example, from an economic perspective.

Using masalan to introduce a specific analytical viewpoint.

مثلاً اگر این طرح شکست بخورد، نقشه دوم چیست؟

For example, if this plan fails, what is the second plan?

Strategic use of masalan in contingency planning.

او مثلاً می‌خواست قهرمان بازی باشد، اما همه چیز را خراب کرد.

He supposedly wanted to be the hero of the game, but he ruined everything.

Using masalan to critique intentions versus outcomes.

مثلاً همین که او هیچ وقت عذرخواهی نمی‌کند، نشانه غرور اوست.

For instance, the very fact that he never apologizes is a sign of his pride.

Using masalan to provide evidence for a personality trait.

در این مقاله به بررسی چند مورد، مثلاً تاثیر آلودگی، می‌پردازیم.

In this article, we examine several cases, for example, the impact of pollution.

Academic usage of masalan to narrow the scope of a study.

مثلاً فکر کنید که زمان به عقب برمی‌گشت.

For example, imagine if time went backwards.

Using masalan for philosophical or creative hypotheticals.

او مثلاً خیلی باهوش است، ولی این مسئله ساده را حل نکرد.

He is supposedly very smart, but he didn't solve this simple problem.

Using masalan to point out a contradiction in reputation.

مثلاً همین الان، هزاران نفر در حال تماشای این برنامه هستند.

For instance, right now, thousands of people are watching this program.

Using masalan to ground a general statement in the present moment.

در تحلیل نهایی، مثلاً در مورد بحران اخیر، باید به ریشه‌ها نگریست.

In the final analysis, for example, regarding the recent crisis, one must look at the roots.

Sophisticated placement of masalan in a complex sentence structure.

مثلاً اگر بخواهیم از دیدگاه هرمنوتیک به این متن نگاه کنیم...

For example, if we want to look at this text from a hermeneutic perspective...

Using masalan to introduce a specific academic methodology.

او مثلاً به عنوان یک مصلح اجتماعی وارد میدان شد.

He entered the field, supposedly as a social reformer.

Using masalan to imply a potentially false or performative role.

مثلاً همین سکوت او، گویاتر از هزاران کلمه است.

For instance, this very silence of his is more eloquent than thousands of words.

Using masalan to highlight a non-verbal or abstract piece of evidence.

در جوامع مدرن، مثلاً در کلان‌شهرها، تنهایی یک معضل جدی است.

In modern societies, for example in megacities, loneliness is a serious problem.

Using masalan to specify the context of a sociological observation.

مثلاً فرض محال که محال نیست؛ اگر خورشید طلوع نکند چه؟

For example, an impossible assumption is not impossible; what if the sun doesn't rise?

Using masalan in a rhetorical, almost poetic, philosophical inquiry.

او مثلاً با نیت خیرخواهی، باعث ایجاد این سوءتفاهم شد.

He caused this misunderstanding, supposedly with benevolent intentions.

Using masalan to analyze the gap between intention and effect.

مثلاً همین که ما هنوز در حال بحث هستیم، نشان‌دهنده اهمیت موضوع است.

For instance, the fact that we are still discussing shows the importance of the subject.

Using masalan to meta-analyze the current conversation.

مثلاً در آثار متاخر هدایت، می‌توان رگه‌هایی از پوچی را مشاهده کرد.

For example, in Sadegh Hedayat's later works, one can observe traces of absurdity.

Literary criticism using masalan to cite specific stylistic trends.

او مثلاً می‌خواست با این حرکت، هژمونی موجود را به چالش بکشد.

He supposedly wanted to challenge the existing hegemony with this move.

Political analysis using masalan to interpret strategic intent.

مثلاً اگر پارادایم‌های علمی تغییر کنند، تمام دانش ما دگرگون می‌شود.

For example, if scientific paradigms change, all our knowledge will be transformed.

Epistemological discussion using masalan for high-level hypotheticals.

مثلاً همین تقابل میان سنت و مدرنیته، در معماری شهر مشهود است.

For instance, this very contrast between tradition and modernity is evident in the city's architecture.

Using masalan to link abstract concepts to physical reality.

او مثلاً در مقام یک منتقد، نباید چنین قضاوتی می‌کرد.

He, supposedly in the capacity of a critic, should not have made such a judgment.

Using masalan to critique professional ethics and roles.

مثلاً فرض کنید که زبان، تنها ابزار ما برای درک واقعیت نباشد.

For example, suppose that language is not our only tool for perceiving reality.

Philosophical inquiry into the nature of language and reality.

در سیاست خارجی، مثلاً در قبال همسایگان، باید با احتیاط عمل کرد.

In foreign policy, for example towards neighbors, one must act with caution.

Diplomatic discourse using masalan to specify policy areas.

مثلاً همین که او از پاسخ دادن طفره می‌رود، خود گویای حقایق بسیاری است.

For instance, the fact that he evades answering is itself telling of many truths.

Using masalan to interpret behavioral cues as significant data.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

مثلاً فکر کن

مثلاً همین الان

مثلاً اگر

مثلاً چه؟

مثلاً یکی مثلِ

مثلاً به عنوانِ

مثلاً در موردِ

مثلاً همین که

مثلاً وانمود کردن

مثلاً فرض کنید

सामान्य वाक्यांश

مثلاً که چی؟

مثلاً مثلاً

مثلاً می‌خواست...

مثلاً همین

مثلاً یک چیزی بگو

مثلاً قرار بود...

مثلاً تو...

مثلاً چطوری؟

مثلاً برای من...

مثلاً در این مورد

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

مثلاً vs مثلِ (mesle)

Means 'like' or 'similar to'. It is a preposition, whereas 'masalan' is an adverb meaning 'for example'.

مثلاً vs مثال (mesāl)

The noun meaning 'example'. You say 'In yek mesal ast' (This is an example), not 'In yek masalan ast'.

مثلاً vs مثلاً (masalan) vs. فرضاً (farzan)

'Masalan' is general, while 'farzan' is specifically for assumptions and hypotheticals.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"مثلاً زدی به هدف"

Supposedly you hit the target (used sarcastically when someone fails).

مثلاً زدی به هدف، ولی کلاً اشتباه کردی!

Informal

"مثلاً می‌خواستی ابرویش را درست کنی، چشمش را کور کردی"

Supposedly you wanted to fix his eyebrow, but you blinded his eye (making things worse while trying to help).

مثلاً می‌خواستی کمک کنی، ولی بدتر شد!

Informal/Idiomatic

"مثلاً شاه است"

Supposedly he is a king (used to mock someone acting superior).

نگاهش کن، مثلاً شاه است!

Informal

"مثلاً که چی بشود؟"

What is supposedly going to happen? (What's the end goal?).

این کار را می‌کنی که مثلاً چی بشود؟

Neutral

"مثلاً رویِ حرفِ من حرف نزن"

Supposedly don't talk over my word (Don't contradict me).

مثلاً روی حرف من حرف نزن، باشه؟

Informal

"مثلاً آدم است"

Supposedly he is a human (implying he lacks humanity or manners).

او مثلاً آدم است، ولی خیلی بی‌ادب است.

Informal

"مثلاً زرنگی؟"

You think you're clever, don't you? (Supposedly you are smart?).

مثلاً زرنگی که این کار را کردی؟

Informal

"مثلاً خیرِ سرش..."

Supposedly for his own good... (used when someone's action backfires).

مثلاً خیر سرش می‌خواست غافلگیرمان کند.

Informal/Slang

"مثلاً از ماست که بر ماست"

Supposedly it is from us that is upon us (we are responsible for our own problems).

این وضعیت مثلاً از ماست که بر ماست.

Literary/Idiomatic

"مثلاً به در می‌گوید که دیوار بشنود"

Supposedly he tells the door so the wall hears (indirectly criticizing someone).

او مثلاً به در می‌گوید که دیوار بشنود.

Idiomatic

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

مثلاً vs اصلاً (aslan)

Both end in tanwin and sound similar.

'Aslan' means 'at all' or 'never', while 'masalan' means 'for example'.

من اصلاً او را نمی‌شناسم. (I don't know him at all.)

مثلاً vs قبلاً (ghablan)

Both are common adverbs ending in tanwin.

'Ghablan' means 'previously' or 'before'.

من قبلاً اینجا بوده‌ام. (I have been here before.)

مثلاً vs واقعاً (vaghe'an)

Common adverbial ending.

'Vaghe'an' means 'really' or 'actually'.

او واقعاً مهربان است. (He is really kind.)

مثلاً vs احتمالاً (ehtemalan)

Common adverbial ending.

'Ehtemalan' means 'probably'.

احتمالاً فردا باران می‌بارد. (It will probably rain tomorrow.)

مثلاً vs ظاهراً (zaheran)

Common adverbial ending.

'Zaheran' means 'apparently' or 'seemingly'.

ظاهراً او مریض است. (Apparently, he is sick.)

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

[Category] + مثلاً + [Example]

میوه مثلاً سیب.

مثلاً + [Verb in Subjunctive]

مثلاً برویم بیرون.

مثلاً + فکر کن + [Clause]

مثلاً فکر کن باران بیاید.

[Subject] + مثلاً + [Role/Status] + است

او مثلاً رئیس است.

مثلاً + همین که + [Fact]

مثلاً همین که او اینجاست.

مثلاً + در مقامِ + [Noun]

مثلاً در مقام یک نویسنده.

Mixed

مثلاً + اگر + [Clause] + آن وقت + [Clause]

مثلاً اگر او برود، آن وقت ما چه کنیم؟

Informal

مثلاً + که چی؟

حالا مثلاً که چی؟

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

क्रिया

विशेषण

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Extremely high in spoken Persian; moderate to high in written Persian.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Pronouncing it 'masala'. → masalan
The tanwin (اً) requires an 'n' sound at the end. Without it, the word is incomplete and sounds like 'mesla'.
Using 'masalan' instead of 'mesle' for comparison. → Man mesle to hastam. (I am like you.)
Use 'mesle' for 'like' (comparison) and 'masalan' for 'for example' (illustration).
Saying 'In yek masalan-e khoub ast'. → In yek mesal-e khoub ast.
'Masalan' is an adverb. You need the noun 'mesal' when saying 'This is a good example'.
Adding an ezafe: 'masalan-e'. → masalan
Adverbs ending in tanwin never take an ezafe. It's always 'masalan' followed by the next word directly.
Using 'masalan' too formally in a PhD thesis. → be-onvane mesal
While not 'wrong', 'masalan' can feel a bit too conversational for very high-level academic writing.

सुझाव

The Nasal 'N'

To sound more native, try to make the final 'n' in 'masalan' slightly nasalized, especially in fast conversation. Don't over-pronounce it like a hard English 'N' at the end of 'sun'.

Avoid the Ezafe

Never use the 'ezafe' (the short 'e' sound) after 'masalan'. It's 'masalan man', not 'masalan-e man'. The ezafe is for 'mesl-e' (like).

Softening Requests

Use 'masalan' when you want to suggest something without being pushy. 'Masalan berim?' sounds much softer than 'Berim!' (Let's go!).

Formal Writing

In your Persian essays, swap 'masalan' for 'به‌عنوان مثال' or 'برای نمونه' to show a higher level of language proficiency.

Spotting the Filler

When listening to native speakers, try to identify when 'masalan' is providing a real example versus when it's just a filler word. This will improve your comprehension of the core message.

The 'What If' Starter

Use 'مثلاً اگر' (masalan agar) to start hypothetical questions. It's a great way to keep a conversation going by exploring different possibilities.

Sarcastic Tone

You can use 'masalan' to be sarcastic. 'Masalan kheili bahousi!' (Supposedly you're very smart!) is a common way to tease friends.

Digital Persian

In informal chats, you'll see 'مثلا'. Don't be confused; it's the same word. But in formal emails, always include the tanwin strokes.

Arabic Roots

Knowing that 'masalan' comes from 'mesl' (likeness) helps you understand other related words like 'mesal' (example) and 'tamsil' (parable).

Don't Overuse It

While it's a great filler, try to learn other fillers like 'ya'ni' or 'khob' so you don't sound like a broken record.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'MASA-LAN'. 'Masa' sounds like 'mass of' and 'lan' sounds like 'land'. 'For example, a mass of land...'. Or simply associate the 'M' in Masalan with the 'M' in 'Model' (an example is a model).

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a giant question mark that turns into a pointing finger. The question mark is the general topic, and 'masalan' is the finger pointing to a specific example.

Word Web

Example Suppose Imagine Like Instance Sample Clarify Filler

चैलेंज

Try to use 'masalan' in three different ways today: once to list a food you like, once to suggest a time to meet, and once to start a 'what if' sentence.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Derived from the Arabic word 'مثلاً' (mathalan), which is the adverbial form of 'mathal' (likeness, example, proverb). It entered Persian through the extensive influence of Arabic vocabulary after the Islamic conquest.

मूल अर्थ: In Arabic, it literally means 'by way of example' or 'as a proverb.'

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into the Indo-European Persian language.

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

There are no major sensitivities, but overusing it in a formal job interview might make you seem less confident or precise.

English speakers often use 'like' in the same way Iranians use 'masalan'. Understanding this parallel helps in achieving a natural conversational flow.

Used frequently in the dialogues of Sadegh Hedayat's stories to illustrate the mundane. A common word in the lyrics of modern Iranian pop and rap music. Often used by Iranian comedians to parody the speech patterns of certain social classes.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Shopping

مثلاً این سایز بزرگتر است؟
مثلاً چه رنگ‌های دیگری دارید؟
مثلاً تخفیف هم می‌دهید؟
مثلاً این مدل بهتر است.

Education

مثلاً در این پاراگراف...
مثلاً یک مثال بزنید.
مثلاً اگر این فرمول را عوض کنیم...
مثلاً تاریخ امتحان کی است؟

Socializing

مثلاً فردا شب وقت داری؟
مثلاً برویم رستوران ایتالیایی؟
مثلاً چه فیلمی دوست داری؟
مثلاً من و تو با هم برویم.

Work

مثلاً در پروژه قبلی...
مثلاً اگر بودجه کم باشد...
مثلاً این گزارش را ببینید.
مثلاً چه کسی مسئول است؟

Travel

مثلاً به شمال برویم.
مثلاً با قطار راحت‌تر است.
مثلاً هتل نزدیک مرکز شهر باشد.
مثلاً چند روز آنجا بمانیم؟

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"مثلاً اگر می‌توانستی به هر جای دنیا سفر کنی، کجا می‌رفتی؟"

"مثلاً فکر کن یک میلیارد تومان پول داشتی، چه کار می‌کردی؟"

"مثلاً چه نوع موسیقی‌ای بیشتر به تو آرامش می‌دهد؟"

"مثلاً اگر قرار بود یک زبان جدید یاد بگیری (بجز فارسی)، کدام را انتخاب می‌کردی؟"

"مثلاً بهترین خاطره‌ای که از دوران کودکی داری چیست؟"

डायरी विषय

درباره یک روز ایده‌آل بنویس؛ مثلاً از صبح که بیدار می‌شوی تا شب.

سه تا از هدف‌های بزرگت را بنویس؛ مثلاً یادگیری کامل زبان فارسی.

اگر می‌توانستی یک قانون در دنیا عوض کنی، آن چه بود؟ مثلاً در مورد محیط زیست.

درباره کسی که برایت الگو است بنویس؛ مثلاً یکی از اعضای خانواده یا یک فرد مشهور.

یک موقعیت فرضی را توصیف کن؛ مثلاً اگر در یک جزیره دورافتاده بودی، چه سه چیزی با خود می‌بردی؟

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Yes, in standard Persian, the 'n' sound (from the tanwin) is always pronounced. Dropping it makes the word sound like 'mesla', which means 'like' and is grammatically different. Even in fast colloquial speech, a nasalized 'n' remains.

Yes, but it's less common than in English. Usually, it's used to trail off or to ask for an example from the listener. For example, 'Yek chizi bekhari, masalan?' (Buy something, for example?).

'Masalan' is the common, everyday word used in almost all situations. 'Be-onvane mesal' is more formal and is typically found in writing, news reports, or academic lectures.

Yes, it is an Arabic loanword. The root is 'm-th-l' and the 'an' is the Arabic tanwin suffix. However, it is fully integrated into Persian and is used by all native speakers.

It is written as 'مثلاً'. The 'alif' at the end has two small diagonal strokes above it. In informal texting, people sometimes omit the strokes (مثلا), but the 'n' sound is still intended.

Yes, when followed by a verb (often in the subjunctive), it can mean 'suppose' or 'imagine'. For example, 'Masalan fekr kon berim' (Suppose we go).

In the Tehrani dialect, 'masalan' has become a very common filler word, similar to 'like' in English. It helps maintain the rhythm of speech while the speaker thinks.

Yes, it is perfectly fine to use it to introduce a list of items, which is the equivalent of 'such as' in English.

No, 'masalan' is an adverb, and adverbs in Persian do not have plural forms.

There isn't a direct single-word opposite, but words like 'daghighan' (exactly) or 'kolan' (in general) represent the opposite logical direction.