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B1 verb 11 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

pleurnicher

उदाहरण
व्याख्या pleurnicher in your Level:
At the A1 level, you usually learn the word 'pleurer' (to cry). 'Pleurnicher' is a more advanced version of this. Think of it as 'crying like a baby' or 'whining'. You might hear a parent say 'Ne pleurniche pas' to a child who is sad because they didn't get a toy. It is a verb that ends in -er, so it is easy to conjugate like 'parler' or 'manger'. At this stage, just remember that it is a 'noisy' and 'annoying' kind of crying, not a very sad kind. You don't need to use it often, but you should recognize it when you hear someone talking about a child or a person who is complaining too much. It is important to know that it's not a 'nice' word to use about someone you respect. For an A1 student, focus on the fact that it is an action children do. If you see a child making a 'whining' face and sound, that is 'pleurnicher'. You can practice by saying 'L'enfant pleurniche' (The child is whining). It is a good word to add to your vocabulary once you know the basic verbs for emotions. Just remember: pleurer = sad/neutral; pleurnicher = annoying/childish. This distinction will help you understand French speakers better when they are talking about daily life and family situations.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the A2 level, you can start using 'pleurnicher' to describe people's reactions in simple stories. You already know 'se plaindre' (to complain) and 'pleurer' (to cry). 'Pleurnicher' is right in the middle. It describes the sound and the attitude of someone who is complaining in a weak way. For example, if your friend is complaining about a small problem like the rain, you might say (joking) 'Arrête de pleurnicher !'. You should be able to conjugate it in the present tense (je pleurniche, tu pleurniches) and the passé composé (j'ai pleurniché). This word is very useful for describing characters in a book or movie who are not very brave. It adds more detail to your descriptions. Instead of just saying 'Il est triste', you can say 'Il pleurniche pour rien' (He whines for nothing). This shows you understand the difference between real sadness and just being difficult. You will also see it in children's books quite often. Learning this word helps you move away from very basic French and start using more descriptive, expressive language. It is a 'first group' verb, so there are no irregular forms to worry about. Just remember the context: it's for minor things, not big tragedies. If you use it correctly, you sound more like a native speaker who understands the nuances of French social interaction.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the social implications of 'pleurnicher'. This verb is not just a physical description; it's a judgment. When you use it, you are characterizing the subject as being immature or overly sensitive. You should be comfortable using it in various tenses, including the 'imparfait' to describe a habit (Il pleurnichait tout le temps quand il était petit) and the 'conditionnel' (Il pleurnicherait pour n'importe quoi). You should also recognize the noun 'un pleurnicheur' (a whiner/crybaby). At this level, you can use it to talk about social issues or personal opinions. For instance, you might discuss how some people 'pleurnichent' about their responsibilities instead of taking action. It's a key word for expressing nuance in human behavior. You should also understand phrases like 'pleurnicher sur son sort' (to wallow in self-pity). This is a common idiom that you might encounter in articles or conversations. Using 'pleurnicher' shows that you can distinguish between different types of emotional expression. It's a bridge between basic communication and more sophisticated social commentary. You should also be careful with its register—it's informal to neutral, so avoid it in very formal writing unless you are intentionally being critical. Overall, B1 is where you start to master the 'flavor' of this word.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'pleurnicher' with precision in debates and complex descriptions. You understand that it carries a pejorative weight and can use it strategically to discredit an argument or describe a character's psychological state. You can compare it with synonyms like 'chouiner' (slang), 'larmoyer' (literary/affected), and 'geindre' (to moan). You should be able to identify the subtle differences in tone each one brings to a sentence. For example, 'larmoyer' suggests a more dramatic, visible display of tears, while 'pleurnicher' focuses on the annoying sound and attitude. In your own writing, you can use the gerund 'en pleurnichant' to add detail to how a character speaks. You should also be aware of the cultural context: the French often value stoicism, so 'pleurnicher' is a common label for those who don't meet that social standard. You can use it to analyze media portrayals or political discourse. At this level, you are not just using a verb; you are using a tool for social critique. You should also be comfortable with the word family, including 'pleurnicherie' (the act of whining). Your ability to use 'pleurnicher' correctly in a variety of contexts—from a casual conversation about a neighbor to a critique of a character in a novel—is a sign of your advancing fluency and cultural integration.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the stylistic value of 'pleurnicher'. You can use it in literary analysis or high-level social commentary to evoke a specific image of weakness or triviality. You understand its etymological roots and how it relates to the broader family of verbs expressing sorrow or complaint. You can distinguish between the 'pleurnicherie' of a person and the metaphorical 'pleurnicherie' of a text or a piece of music that you find overly sentimental or 'kitschy'. You might use it to critique a film, saying the director 'tombe dans la pleurnicherie' (falls into maudlin sentimentality). Your usage is effortless and always contextually appropriate. You know exactly when to substitute it with more precise terms like 'chipoter' (to nitpick) or 'se lamenter' (to lament), depending on whether the emphasis is on the complaint or the emotion. You also recognize it in classical literature where it might be used to describe a subservient or pathetic character. At this level, 'pleurnicher' is part of a vast arsenal of words that allow you to describe the human condition with all its flaws. You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Loin de se contenter de pleurer, il se met à pleurnicher de manière si agaçante que toute sympathie s'évapore.' This level of nuance is what defines C1 mastery.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, 'pleurnicher' is a word you can manipulate with absolute mastery, even using it ironically or in highly specific registers. You are aware of its historical evolution and its place in the hierarchy of French verbs of expression. You can use it to discuss the 'pathos' of a scene, perhaps arguing that a certain character's 'pleurnichements' are a deliberate subversion of traditional masculine roles in a modern novel. You understand the subtle phonological impact of the word—the way the nasal 'n' and the 'ch' sound create an almost onomatopoeic effect of a whimper. You can use it in sophisticated wordplay or to create specific rhetorical effects in a speech or a piece of creative writing. You are also sensitive to how the word's impact changes across different French-speaking regions (though it is generally standard). You might compare its usage in a 19th-century text versus a contemporary blog post, noting how its pejorative strength has remained consistent. For a C2 speaker, 'pleurnicher' is not just a verb but a cultural marker, a way to tap into the French sensibility regarding emotional display and social conduct. You use it with the confidence of a native speaker, knowing that its power lies in its ability to simultaneously describe a sound, an emotion, and a social judgment.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
उदाहरण

The French verb pleurnicher is a nuanced term that goes beyond the simple act of crying. While pleurer is the neutral, general term for shedding tears, pleurnicher carries a specific connotation of whining, whimpering, or crying in a fretful, often annoying manner. It is frequently associated with children who are complaining about something minor, or adults who are perceived as being overly sensitive or 'moaning' without a significant cause. The word itself is derived from the root 'pleurer' (to cry) combined with a suffix that adds a sense of repetition and pettiness.

Semantic Nuance
Unlike a deep, soulful sob (sangloter), pleurnicher is often noisy but shallow. It suggests a lack of stoicism or an attempt to get attention through minor distress.

In everyday French society, using this word can be slightly pejorative. If you tell someone 'Arrête de pleurnicher,' you are essentially telling them to 'stop whining' or 'stop bellyaching.' It implies that the reason for their tears or complaints is not entirely justified or is being exaggerated. This makes it a powerful word for describing behavior in social conflicts, parenting, or even political commentary where a side is seen as complaining unnecessarily.

L'enfant a commencé à pleurnicher dès qu'on lui a refusé un deuxième dessert.

The verb is also used metaphorically. For instance, a person might 'pleurnicher' about their tax bill or the weather. In these cases, no actual tears are shed; the word describes a persistent, irritating way of complaining. It captures a specific type of vocalized dissatisfaction that is high-pitched or repetitive, mimicking the sound of a whimpering child.

Social Context
In a professional setting, accusing a colleague of 'pleurnicher' is quite aggressive and suggests they are unprofessional or weak.

Cesse de pleurnicher sur ton sort et agis !

Historically, the word has maintained its place in the French language as a colorful alternative to more formal verbs. It allows speakers to criticize the *manner* of the complaint, not just the fact that a complaint is being made. It is a B1 level word because it requires understanding the emotional subtext of the speaker's intent—it is not a neutral observation of biology, but a social judgment of behavior.

Register
It sits comfortably in the informal to neutral register. It is not slang (argot), but it is certainly not 'soutenu' (formal/literary).

Elle passe son temps à pleurnicher auprès de son patron pour obtenir une augmentation.

Le petit chiot ne faisait que pleurnicher derrière la porte close.

Je ne supporte plus de t'entendre pleurnicher pour des broutilles.

Using pleurnicher correctly involves understanding its grammatical behavior as a regular first-group (-er) verb and its emotional weight. Because it is a verb of action (or expression), it often appears in the infinitive after another verb, or conjugated in the present or imperfect to describe ongoing behavior. It is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object, although you can 'pleurnicher sur' (whine about) something.

Basic Conjugation
Je pleurniche, tu pleurniches, il pleurniche... It follows the standard pattern for -er verbs, making it easy for learners to integrate into their speech once the meaning is mastered.

One of the most common constructions is using it with the preposition 'pour'. This indicates the reason for the whimpering. For example, 'pleurnicher pour un jouet cassé' (whimpering for a broken toy). This highlights the triviality of the cause, which is a key element of the word's definition. You will also see it used with 'après' in more colloquial settings, meaning to complain to someone repeatedly.

Il a passé toute la soirée à pleurnicher parce qu'il avait perdu son téléphone.

When describing a person who habitually whines, the verb transforms into the noun 'un pleurnicheur' or 'une pleurnicheuse'. This is a common way to label someone as a 'crybaby' or a 'whiner'. In sentences, this noun acts as a descriptor that carries a significant judgmental tone. For example, 'Ne sois pas une telle pleurnicheuse !' (Don't be such a crybaby!).

The 'Sur' Construction
Using 'pleurnicher sur son sort' is a fixed expression meaning to wallow in self-pity or moan about one's fate. It's a very common idiomatic use.

Arrête de pleurnicher sur ton sort et commence à chercher des solutions.

In literature, pleurnicher is used to create a vivid image of a character's weakness or lack of resolve. It provides a sensory detail—the sound of the whimpering—that 'pleurer' does not. If a character 'pleure', we feel sympathy. If they 'pleurnichent', we feel irritation or perhaps pity mixed with disdain. This distinction is crucial for reading comprehension at the B1 and B2 levels.

Adverbial Usage
The adverb 'pleurnichard' (whiningly) is less common but can be used to describe an attitude or a tone of voice.

Elle lui a répondu d'une voix pleurnicharde, ce qui l'a immédiatement agacé.

Les enfants pleurnichaient car ils avaient faim et étaient fatigués.

Il ne fait que pleurnicher au lieu de travailler sérieusement.

You will encounter pleurnicher in a variety of real-world contexts, ranging from domestic life to media critiques. Perhaps the most frequent place to hear it is in a household with young children. Parents use it to distinguish between a child who is actually hurt and a child who is simply being difficult or tired. It is a word of discipline and observation in the domestic sphere.

In the Media
Journalists often use this word to criticize politicians or public figures who complain about unfair treatment in the press. It frames the subject as being 'whiny' or lacking the toughness expected of a leader.

In French cinema and television, pleurnicher is used to build character archetypes. A 'pleurnicheur' is often the comic relief—the person who can't handle the pressure of the plot and spends their time complaining. This word helps establish the power dynamics between characters. If one character tells another to stop 'pleurnicher', it establishes the first character as the dominant or more stoic figure.

Dans ce film, le héros ne passe pas son temps à pleurnicher, il prend les armes.

Online forums and social media are also rife with this term. In debates, users might accuse each other of 'pleurnicher' as a way to shut down an argument. It's a common tactic in 'trolling' or aggressive online discourse to label the opposing side's grievances as mere whining. You might see comments like 'Arrêtez de pleurnicher, c'est la loi !' (Stop whining, it's the law!).

Literature and Song
While more formal words are often used in poetry, 'pleurnicher' appears in realistic fiction and contemporary music to ground the language in everyday speech and convey raw, often unflattering emotion.

Le chanteur dénonce ceux qui passent leur vie à pleurnicher sans jamais essayer de changer les choses.

In a professional context, you might hear it in the 'cafétéria' (break room) when employees are venting about management. However, it is rarely used in official meetings or emails because of its informal and slightly insulting nature. It belongs to the 'backstage' language of work life—where people speak more freely about their frustrations with others.

Daily Life
Hearing 'pleurnicher' at a supermarket usually means a parent is dealing with a toddler's tantrum over a candy bar.

J'ai entendu quelqu'un pleurnicher dans le couloir, c'était sûrement Lucas qui avait encore raté son examen.

Elle déteste les gens qui pleurnichent pour un ongle cassé.

Le vent faisait pleurnicher les vieilles fenêtres de la maison.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using pleurnicher as a direct synonym for 'to cry' (pleurer) in situations that involve genuine grief or serious sadness. If you use pleurnicher to describe someone crying at a funeral, it would be extremely offensive, as it implies their grief is petty or annoying. This is a crucial distinction: pleurer is for the heart; pleurnicher is for the nerves.

The 'Grief' Error
Never use 'pleurnicher' for serious emotional pain. Use 'pleurer' or 'sangloter' instead to maintain respect.

Another mistake involves the reflexive form. In English, we might say 'to cry oneself to sleep.' In French, you cannot say 'se pleurnicher.' The verb is always intransitive. If you want to say someone whined themselves into a state, you would have to use a different construction, such as 'Il a pleurniché jusqu'à ce qu'il s'endorme.'

Incorrect: Elle s'est pleurnichée toute la nuit. (Reflexive use is wrong).

Confusing pleurnicher with chouiner is also common. While they are very similar, chouiner is more informal (slang/familiar) and is almost exclusively used for children or very childish adults. Pleurnicher is slightly more 'standard' French. Using chouiner in a semi-formal essay would be a stylistic error, whereas pleurnicher might be acceptable if the context justifies the descriptive tone.

Preposition Pitfalls
Learners often forget that you 'pleurniche' *pour* a reason or *sur* a situation. Avoid using 'de' after the verb unless it's part of a different phrase.

Correct: Il pleurniche sur son sort. Incorrect: Il pleurniche de son sort.

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation. The 'eu' sound in 'pleur-' and the 'ni' sound followed by 'cher' can be tricky. Some learners accidentally pronounce it like 'pleurer' and then realize they've added an extra syllable. Ensure the 'n' is clearly articulated to distinguish it from the simpler verb. Mispronouncing it might lead to confusion between 'crying' and 'whining,' which changes the entire tone of your statement.

The 'Annoyance' Factor
Remember that 'pleurnicher' implies the speaker is annoyed. If you aren't annoyed, don't use it!

Il ne faut pas pleurnicher quand on perd à un jeu, c'est le sport.

Elle a arrêté de pleurnicher dès qu'elle a vu le cadeau.

Ne viens pas pleurnicher chez moi si tu échoues par paresse.

French has a rich vocabulary for expressing dissatisfaction and sorrow. Understanding where pleurnicher fits among its peers is essential for achieving a B2 or C1 level of fluency. The most basic alternative is pleurer, which is neutral. If you want to sound more formal or literary, you might use larmoyer, which means to shed tears in an affected or sentimental way—similar to 'pleurnicher' but with a more 'theatrical' or 'melodramatic' flavor.

Comparison: Pleurnicher vs. Chouiner
'Chouiner' is the informal, almost slang version. Use it with friends or when talking about a toddler. 'Pleurnicher' is more versatile and slightly more 'correct' in standard French.

For more intense crying, you have sangloter (to sob) or fondre en larmes (to burst into tears). These words imply deep, genuine emotion and are never interchangeable with pleurnicher. On the other end of the spectrum, if someone is just complaining without any tears, you would use se plaindre (to complain) or râler (to grumble/moan). Râler is a quintessential French activity, but it doesn't involve the 'whimpering' sound that pleurnicher describes.

Il ne pleure pas vraiment, il pleurniche juste pour attirer l'attention.

In a literary context, you might encounter vagir, which specifically refers to the crying of a newborn baby. While a baby can 'pleurnicher', 'vagir' is the more technical, poetic term. Another interesting alternative is geindre, which means to whimper or moan in a low voice, often due to weakness or ill health. Geindre is more about the sound of suffering, while pleurnicher often includes a component of protest or annoyance.

Comparison: Pleurnicher vs. Se plaindre
'Se plaindre' is the act of expressing dissatisfaction. 'Pleurnicher' is the annoying *way* someone expresses it.

Au lieu de pleurnicher, tu devrais te plaindre officiellement à la direction.

Finally, the verb blablater or jacasser might be used if the 'pleurnicherie' turns into endless, meaningless talk. However, pleurnicher remains unique in its ability to combine the sound of crying with the attitude of a whiner. It is a word that captures a very specific human behavior that is universally recognized but uniquely named in French with this expressive verb.

Table of Intensity
1. Chigner (very mild/regional) -> 2. Pleurnicher (standard whining) -> 3. Pleurer (neutral) -> 4. Sangloter (intense).

Il est inutile de pleurnicher sur le lait renversé.

Elle a passé la journée à larmoyer devant des films romantiques.

Le blessé ne faisait que geindre doucement dans son sommeil.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

L'enfant pleurniche pour un bonbon.

The child whines for a candy.

Present tense, regular -er verb.

2

Ne pleurniche pas, s'il te plaît.

Don't whine, please.

Imperative mood (negative).

3

Pourquoi est-ce qu'il pleurniche ?

Why is he whining?

Interrogative sentence with 'est-ce que'.

4

Le bébé pleurniche dans son lit.

The baby is whimpering in his bed.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

5

Je n'aime pas pleurnicher.

I don't like to whine.

Infinitive after 'aimer'.

6

Elle pleurniche souvent le matin.

She often whines in the morning.

Adverb 'souvent' placement.

7

Nous ne pleurnichons jamais.

We never whine.

Negative 'ne... jamais'.

8

Tu pleurniches encore ?

Are you whining again?

Informal question by tone.

1

Il a pleurniché toute la journée à cause du froid.

He whined all day because of the cold.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

2

Si tu pleurniches, tu n'auras pas de dessert.

If you whine, you won't have dessert.

First conditional (si + present, future).

3

Elle pleurnichait quand elle était petite.

She used to whine when she was little.

Imperfect tense for past habits.

4

Arrête de pleurnicher et finis tes devoirs.

Stop whining and finish your homework.

Infinitive after 'arrêter de'.

5

Le petit chien pleurniche derrière la porte.

The little dog is whimpering behind the door.

Prepositional phrase 'derrière la porte'.

6

Il pleurniche parce qu'il a perdu son jouet.

He is whining because he lost his toy.

Conjunction 'parce que'.

7

Est-ce que tu vas encore pleurnicher ?

Are you going to whine again?

Near future with 'aller' + infinitive.

8

Mes amis ne pleurnichent jamais pour rien.

My friends never whine for nothing.

Negative 'ne... jamais' with plural subject.

1

Il passe son temps à pleurnicher sur son sort.

He spends his time wallowing in self-pity.

Idiomatic expression 'pleurnicher sur son sort'.

2

Au lieu de pleurnicher, cherche une solution !

Instead of whining, look for a solution!

Prepositional phrase 'au lieu de' + infinitive.

3

Elle est entrée dans la pièce en pleurnichant.

She entered the room whimpering.

Gerund (en + present participle).

4

Je déteste les gens qui pleurnichent pour des broutilles.

I hate people who whine over trifles.

Relative clause with 'qui'.

5

Il pleurnichait si fort que tout le monde l'entendait.

He was whining so loudly that everyone could hear him.

Consecutive clause (si + adjective + que).

6

C'est une vraie pleurnicheuse, elle se plaint de tout.

She's a real crybaby, she complains about everything.

Noun form 'pleurnicheuse'.

7

Bien qu'il soit adulte, il continue de pleurnicher.

Even though he is an adult, he continues to whine.

Subjunctive after 'bien que'.

8

On ne peut pas passer sa vie à pleurnicher.

One cannot spend one's life whining.

Impersonal 'on' and 'passer sa vie à'.

1

Le politicien a été critiqué pour avoir pleurniché devant les caméras.

The politician was criticized for whining in front of the cameras.

Passive voice and past infinitive.

2

Elle a fini par pleurnicher après des heures de pression.

She ended up whimpering after hours of pressure.

Phrasal verb 'finir par'.

3

Il est inutile de pleurnicher sur ce qui est déjà fait.

It is useless to cry over what is already done.

Impersonal construction 'il est inutile de'.

4

Son ton pleurnichard a fini par exaspérer son entourage.

His whining tone ended up exasperating those around him.

Adjective 'pleurnichard'.

5

Elle ne fait que pleurnicher au lieu d'assumer ses responsabilités.

She does nothing but whine instead of taking responsibility.

Restrictive 'ne... que'.

6

On l'entendait pleurnicher à travers la cloison fine.

One could hear him whimpering through the thin partition.

Perception verb + infinitive.

7

Il pleurnicherait pour un oui ou pour un non.

He would whine at the drop of a hat.

Conditionnel present for hypothetical behavior.

8

La pleurnicherie ne mènera à rien dans cette entreprise.

Whining will get you nowhere in this company.

Abstract noun 'pleurnicherie'.

1

Le film sombre dans une pleurnicherie insupportable vers la fin.

The movie sinks into unbearable maudlinness towards the end.

Metaphorical use of the noun.

2

Il s'est mis à pleurnicher, perdant ainsi toute crédibilité.

He started to whine, thus losing all credibility.

Present participle 'perdant' for consequence.

3

Cessez ces pleurnichements et comportez-vous en adultes !

Stop these whimpers and behave like adults!

Formal imperative 'cessez'.

4

L'auteur décrit avec mépris ces personnages qui pleurnichent sans cesse.

The author describes with contempt these characters who whine incessantly.

Adverbial phrase 'sans cesse'.

5

Elle a une tendance fâcheuse à pleurnicher dès qu'une difficulté surgit.

She has an unfortunate tendency to whine as soon as a difficulty arises.

Noun phrase 'tendance fâcheuse à'.

6

Il ne s'agit pas de pleurnicher, mais d'analyser froidement la situation.

It's not about whining, but about coldly analyzing the situation.

Negative contrast 'ne s'agit pas de... mais de'.

7

Le vent pleurnichait dans les couloirs du vieux château.

The wind was whimpering in the corridors of the old castle.

Personification.

8

On ne peut que déplorer sa propension à pleurnicher en public.

One can only deplore his propensity for whining in public.

Formal verb 'déplorer' and noun 'propension'.

1

Sous l'apparente assurance du ministre perçait une volonté de pleurnicher sur l'ingratitude du peuple.

Beneath the minister's apparent confidence, a desire to moan about the people's ingratitude was visible.

Complex sentence structure with inversion.

2

L'esthétique du roman refuse la pleurnicherie facile au profit d'une rudesse salutaire.

The novel's aesthetic rejects easy sentimentality in favor of a salutary harshness.

Abstract literary critique.

3

Il y a quelque chose de pathétique dans sa façon de pleurnicher après chaque échec.

There is something pathetic in the way he whines after every failure.

Indefinite pronoun 'quelque chose de' + adjective.

4

Elle ne se contentait pas de geindre, elle pleurnichait avec une insistance quasi mélodique.

She didn't just moan, she whined with an almost melodic insistence.

Comparison between 'geindre' and 'pleurnicher'.

5

Le texte, loin de toute pleurnicherie romantique, s'attache aux faits bruts.

The text, far from any romantic whining, sticks to the raw facts.

Parenthetical phrase 'loin de toute...'.

6

Sa voix, entre le murmure et la pleurnicherie, irritait les auditeurs.

His voice, somewhere between a whisper and a whimper, irritated the listeners.

Prepositional phrase 'entre... et...'.

7

On pourrait voir dans ce geste une forme de pleurnicherie métaphysique.

One could see in this gesture a form of metaphysical whining.

Philosophical register.

8

Malgré ses dénégations, il ne pouvait s'empêcher de pleurnicher sur sa gloire passée.

Despite his denials, he couldn't help but whine about his past glory.

Concession with 'malgré' and reflexive 's'empêcher de'.

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