B1 noun तटस्थ #4,000 सबसे आम 1 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

行政

gyousei /ɡjo̞ːse̞/
इसका अभ्यास करें नोट्स और सुझाव

Overview

行政 (gyousei) is a fundamental concept in Japanese society, encompassing the broad functions of governance and public management. At its core, it refers to the administration and management of public affairs, involving the implementation of laws, policies, and services by governmental bodies. This can range from national-level ministries and agencies to local municipal offices and public service organizations. The term 'administration' captures the practical execution of these governmental duties, rather than the legislative (law-making) or judicial (law-interpreting) branches. In a broader sense, 'government' can also be a fitting translation, especially when referring to the collective entity responsible for governing, though 'administration' often emphasizes the operational aspect.

In Japan, the administrative system is highly structured and hierarchical, with a strong emphasis on bureaucratic processes and public service. Key functions of gyousei include maintaining public order, providing social welfare, managing infrastructure, regulating economic activities, and ensuring national security. The concept also extends to the interaction between citizens and these governmental entities, including procedures for permits, licenses, and access to public services. Understanding gyousei is crucial for comprehending the mechanisms of public life and policy implementation in Japan, as it shapes everything from daily routines to national development strategies.

उदाहरण

1

行政の長。

General

Head of the administration.

2

行政サービス。

Public services

Administrative services.

3

行政改革を進める。

Politics/Government

Promote administrative reform.

4

地方行政。

Government

Local administration.

5

行政命令。

Law/Government

Administrative order.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

行政機関
行政サービス
行政改革
行政処分

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

行政 vs 政治

政治 (seiji) refers to 'politics' or 'government' as the act of governing, often implying the political process, parties, and policies. 行政 (gyōsei) specifically means 'administration' or 'executive branch', focusing on the implementation and management of laws and policies. While related, 政治 is broader and encompasses the legislative and judicial aspects of government as well, whereas 行政 is more about the practical execution of governmental functions. For example, you would talk about 'political debates' (政治的議論 - seijiteki giron) but 'administrative procedures' (行政手続き - gyōsei tetsuzuki).

行政 vs 官庁

官庁 (kanchō) refers to 'government office' or 'public agency', emphasizing the physical institutions or departments that perform administrative functions. 行政 (gyōsei) is the abstract concept of 'administration' itself, the process and function. You might say 'Many government offices (官庁) are involved in this administration (行政)'.

行政 vs 公務

公務 (kōmu) means 'public duty' or 'official business', referring to the specific tasks or work carried out by government officials. 行政 (gyōsei) is the overarching system or function of administration. An individual performs 公務 as part of the broader 行政.

व्याकरण पैटर्न

行政機関 (gyōsei kikan) - administrative organ/agency 行政改革 (gyōsei kaikaku) - administrative reform 行政サービス (gyōsei sābisu) - administrative services

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

When using '行政' (gyōsei), it's important to consider the nuance of its application. It can refer to the governmental body itself (e.g., 行政機関 - administrative organs), the act of administering (e.g., 行政を行う - to conduct administration), or the policies and systems established by the government (e.g., 行政改革 - administrative reform). It is a formal term, primarily used in official contexts, news reports, academic discussions, and when speaking about government functions. For more casual conversations about the government, people might use terms like '政府' (seifu - government) or 'お役所' (oyakusho - government office, often with a slightly informal or even critical nuance). When referring to specific administrative actions or decisions, '行政処分' (gyōsei shobun - administrative disposition) or '行政指導' (gyōsei shidō - administrative guidance) are common phrases. The usage often implies a level of authority and responsibility inherent in the management of public services and regulations.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

A common mistake is confusing '行政' (gyousei) with similar-sounding words like '政治' (seiji), which also means 'politics,' but refers more broadly to the political process and activities, whereas '行政' specifically refers to the administrative functions of government. Another error is mispronouncing the 'gyou' as 'kyo' or 'jou.' Ensure you pronounce the 'o' sound clearly. Also, people sometimes incorrectly use it to refer to a specific governmental body rather than the general concept of administration. While the government *performs* gyousei, gyousei itself is the *function*.

सुझाव

💡

Usage Tip

行政 (gyousei) is a broad term that encompasses the administrative functions of government. It's frequently used in formal contexts, such as news, academic discussions, and official documents. For instance, when talking about government policies, laws, or public services, 行政 is often the appropriate term. It refers to the executive branch's activities and responsibilities. Be mindful that while it can broadly refer to the 'government' in a functional sense, it's distinct from 政府 (seifu), which refers to the governmental body itself.

💡

Common Pitfall

A common mistake is to overuse 行政 when a more specific term might be better. While 行政 can sometimes be a general stand-in for 'government,' particularly its administrative side, it's not always interchangeable with terms like 政治 (seiji - politics) or 政府 (seifu - the government entity). For example, if you're discussing political campaigns or parliamentary debates, 政治 would be more suitable. If you're referring to the institution of government, 政府 is the correct choice. Using 行政 when you mean the political process or the governmental institution itself can sound a bit off to native speakers.

💡

Advanced Insight

Beyond its basic meaning, 行政 can also appear in compound words or phrases that add nuance. For example, 行政サービス (gyousei saabisu) means 'administrative services' or 'public services,' highlighting the service-oriented aspect of government. 行政改革 (gyousei kaikaku) refers to 'administrative reform,' indicating efforts to improve government efficiency or structure. Understanding these common collocations will deepen your comprehension and allow for more sophisticated usage. Additionally, in a legal context, 行政法 (gyouseihou) refers to 'administrative law,' which governs the activities of administrative agencies.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

行政 (gyōsei) is a Japanese word meaning 'administration' or 'government.' Its etymology can be traced back to Chinese origins. The word is composed of two kanji characters: 1. 行 (gyō): This character generally means 'to go,' 'to perform,' 'to carry out,' or 'action.' In this context, it conveys the idea of conducting or carrying out affairs. 2. 政 (sei): This character means 'government,' 'politics,' 'rule,' or 'administration.' It refers to the management of public affairs or the exercise of political power. Combined, 行政 (gyōsei) literally means something like 'carrying out government affairs' or 'administering politics.' The concept and the characters themselves were adopted into Japanese from Classical Chinese, reflecting the historical influence of Chinese governmental and philosophical systems on Japan. Over time, its meaning has solidified in Japanese to refer specifically to the administrative functions of a state or public body.

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The word '行政' (gyōsei) in Japanese broadly refers to public administration, encompassing the executive branch of government, its policies, and the procedures involved in managing public affairs. Its cultural context is deeply rooted in Japan's history of a centralized bureaucracy, which has played a significant role in shaping the nation. Historically, the concept of 'governance' has often been associated with a sense of duty, order, and collective well-being rather than individual rights, though this has evolved over time. The term carries connotations of efficiency, formality, and a hierarchical structure. Public perception of '行政' can vary; while it is generally seen as essential for societal function, there can also be a sense of distance or even frustration with bureaucratic processes. Understanding '行政' requires appreciating the balance between societal harmony and individual needs within the Japanese cultural framework.

याद रखने का तरीका

Break down the word: '行' (gyou) means 'to go' or 'conduct,' and '政' (sei) means 'politics' or 'government.' Think of 'conducting government.'

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

4 सवाल

'行政' (gyōsei) in Japanese primarily refers to 'administration' or 'government.' It encompasses the practical management and operation of public affairs, including the implementation of laws, policies, and services by governmental bodies. It often distinguishes itself from legislative (making laws) and judicial (interpreting laws) functions, focusing instead on the executive branch's role in governing. The term can be broadly applied to the activities of national, regional, and local governments, as well as the administrative aspects within organizations.

While '行政' is most commonly associated with government and public administration, it can sometimes be used in a broader sense to refer to the administrative or managerial functions within large organizations, even private ones. For example, one might speak of the 'administrative department' (行政部門 - gyōsei bumon) of a company, implying the section responsible for general management, internal procedures, and operational oversight. However, this usage is less common and the primary connotation remains governmental.

There are many common phrases and compounds using '行政' that clarify its meaning in specific contexts. Some examples include: '行政機関' (gyōsei kikan) meaning 'administrative agency' or 'government body,' '行政サービス' (gyōsei sābisu) meaning 'administrative services' or 'government services,' '行政改革' (gyōsei kaikaku) meaning 'administrative reform,' and '行政書士' (gyōsei shoshi) referring to a 'certified administrative procedures specialist.' These demonstrate its wide application in official and public domains.

While '行政' (administration/government) and '政府' (seifu - government) both relate to governing, they have distinct nuances. '政府' more directly refers to the political entity or the governing body itself, such as 'the Japanese government.' '行政,' on the other hand, emphasizes the *process* or *function* of governing—the practical activities of managing public affairs, implementing policies, and providing services. So, '政府' is the 'who' or 'what,' while '行政' is more about the 'how' or 'what is done' in the context of governance.

खुद को परखो

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日本の＿＿＿は、複雑な官僚機構で知られています。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
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この地域には、＿＿＿サービスを提供する多くの機関があります。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
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市民は、＿＿＿に対して透明性と説明責任を求めています。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

स्कोर: /3

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