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B1 verb #4,500 सबसे आम 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

제의하다

शीर्ष 4,500

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 제의하다 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 제의하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '제의하다' yourself, as it is quite formal and advanced. However, it's good to know that it means 'to propose' or 'to offer' in a very official way. At this stage, you are likely learning simpler words like '해요' (do) or '할까요?' (shall we?). Think of '제의하다' as a 'big brother' to the word '해요'. If '해요' is like saying 'Let's do this,' '제의하다' is like an important person in a suit saying 'I formally propose that we do this.' You might see this word in very simple news headlines or in storybooks about kings and queens. For now, just remember that it is a formal verb used when someone wants to start something new or make a deal. You won't need to use it in your daily conversations with friends or family. It's like a special tool used in business or government meetings. If you see '제의' in a sentence, look for the person who is making the offer and the thing they are offering. It's a great word to recognize to feel like you're understanding 'grown-up' Korean!

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the A2 level, you are starting to understand more formal situations. While you might still use '제안하다' (to suggest) or '~하는 게 어때요?' (how about...?) for most things, you will encounter '제의하다' in reading materials about work or news. It is important to notice that '제의하다' usually involves two parties making a deal. For example, if a company offers someone a job, they might '제의' that job. You can start to recognize the pattern: [Person A]가 [Person B]에게 [Something]을 제의했다. This means A offered something to B. You might also see it in the context of sports, like '친선 경기를 제의했다' (proposed a friendly match). At this level, focus on recognizing the word when you hear it on the news or read it in a formal letter. You don't have to use it in your own speaking yet, but knowing it will help you understand more complex stories and professional situations. It's a step up from the basic verbs you learned in A1 and helps you see how Korean changes depending on how formal the situation is.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

As a B1 learner, you should be able to understand and occasionally use '제의하다' in appropriate contexts. This word is a key part of intermediate Korean because it appears frequently in professional and formal settings. You should understand the difference between '제의하다' and '제안하다'. While '제안하다' is a general suggestion, '제의하다' is a formal proposal or offer. For example, if you are writing a formal email or a business report, '제의하다' is a better choice when you are making a specific offer to another company. You should also be comfortable with the passive form '제의를 받다' (to receive a proposal). In your studies, you will see this word often in news articles about politics ('정부가 대화를 제의했다' - The government proposed a dialogue) or business ('협상을 제의했다' - Proposed a negotiation). Practice using it when you want to sound more professional or when you are talking about official agreements. It's a great word to have in your vocabulary to bridge the gap between casual conversation and professional communication. You should also start noticing how it's used with the particle '~자고' to report what someone else proposed doing.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '제의하다' accurately in formal writing and speaking. You should understand the subtle nuances that distinguish it from similar words like '건의하다' (suggesting to a superior) or '제시하다' (presenting/showing). In a B2 level discussion, you might use '제의하다' to describe a strategic move in a business case study or a historical event. You should also be familiar with common collocations such as '휴전을 제의하다' (propose a ceasefire), '정식으로 제의하다' (to propose formally), or '파격적인 조건을 제의하다' (to propose exceptional conditions). Your understanding of the word should extend to its usage in various grammatical structures, including reported speech. For example, '그는 우리 측에 합병을 제의해 왔지만, 우리는 그것을 거절하기로 했습니다' (He reached out to propose a merger to us, but we decided to reject it). At this level, you should also be able to recognize the word in fast-paced news broadcasts or documentaries and understand the weight of the situation being described. It's no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a tool for describing complex social and professional interactions.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

For C1 learners, '제의하다' is a standard part of your formal lexicon. You should be able to use it with precision, reflecting the specific formality and intent of the speaker. You should understand how '제의' functions as a noun in complex sentences, such as '제의의 배경' (the background of the proposal) or '제의를 수락하다' (to accept a proposal). At this level, you should also be aware of the historical and Hanja roots of the word, which helps in understanding related terms like '의제' (agenda) or '결의하다' (to resolve/decide). You should be able to use '제의하다' in high-level debates, academic writing, or professional negotiations without hesitation. You can also use it to describe interpersonal relationships in a more literary or dramatic way, such as '결혼 제의' (a formal marriage proposal). Your ability to distinguish between '제의하다', '제안하다', '발의하다', and '상정하다' (to introduce/table a motion) should be clear. You should also be able to interpret the tone of a text based on the choice of this word—using '제의하다' instead of '말하다' immediately signals a formal, structured environment. You are now at a stage where you can play with the word's formality to achieve specific rhetorical effects in your speech and writing.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '제의하다'. You understand not only its meaning and usage but also its sociological implications in Korean culture. You can use it in the most formal of circumstances, such as diplomatic drafting, legal arguments, or high-level corporate strategy documents. You are familiar with its use in classical literature or historical documents where '제의' might have had slightly different connotations. You can effortlessly switch between '제의하다' and its synonyms to match the precise register required for the situation. You also understand the nuances of how the word is used in the media to frame political narratives—for instance, how '제의를 거부하다' (rejecting a proposal) can be portrayed as a lack of cooperation or a strategic defense. Your mastery includes the ability to use the word in complex, multi-clause sentences that maintain perfect grammatical and stylistic harmony. You can also critique the use of the word in others' writing, identifying when it might be too formal or when a more specific term like '청원하다' (to petition) might be more appropriate. For a C2 learner, '제의하다' is a versatile instrument used to navigate the most sophisticated levels of Korean society and discourse.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

제의하다 30 सेकंड में

제의하다 is a formal verb used to propose an idea, plan, or offer in professional settings.
It is commonly found in news, business documents, and high-level negotiations between entities.
Unlike the casual '제안하다', it carries a sense of official motion and serious intent.
It is often paired with objects like '협상' (negotiation), '평화' (peace), or '동업' (partnership).

The Korean verb 제의하다 (je-ui-ha-da) is a sophisticated and formal way to express the act of proposing, suggesting, or making an official offer. Derived from Hanja (提議), where '제' (提) means to lift or bring forward and '의' (議) means a discussion or opinion, the word literally translates to 'bringing forward a matter for discussion.' While English speakers might use the word 'suggest' for everything from choosing a lunch spot to proposing a multi-billion dollar merger, Korean distinguishes between these levels of formality. 제의하다 is typically reserved for professional, diplomatic, or serious interpersonal contexts where a formal motion is being made.

Formal Proposals: Used when a business entity offers a partnership to another. For example, 'A사가 B사에 합병을 제의했다' (Company A proposed a merger to Company B).
Diplomatic Contexts: Commonly heard in news reports regarding international relations, such as proposing peace talks or trade agreements between nations.
Serious Interpersonal Offers: While '제안하다' is more common for general suggestions, '제의하다' might be used when offering help in a very formal or respectful manner to someone of higher status.

정부는 북한에 이산가족 상봉을 제의했다.
— Translation: The government proposed a reunion of separated families to North Korea.

Understanding the weight of this word is crucial. If you use 제의하다 when asking a friend to see a movie, it sounds like you are initiating a formal diplomatic protocol, which might be humorous but is technically incorrect in a casual setting. Instead, you would use 제안하다 or simply ~하는 게 어때? (How about...?). The word carries an inherent sense of 'officialdom.' It implies that the person making the proposal has thought it through and is presenting it as a formal motion for the other party to consider, accept, or reject.

그는 그녀에게 공동 사업을 제의했다.
— Translation: He proposed a joint venture to her.

In summary, use 제의하다 when the stakes are high, the setting is professional, or the proposal requires official documentation or a formal decision-making process. It is a key term for anyone looking to master business Korean or understand news broadcasts regarding politics and international affairs.

Using 제의하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical placement and the particles that accompany it. Since it is a transitive verb, it requires an object—the thing being proposed—marked with the object particles ~을/를. Additionally, the recipient of the proposal is often marked with ~에게 (to someone) or ~에 (to an organization/entity).

Structure 1: [Entity A] + 가/이 + [Entity B] + 에/에게 + [Proposal] + 을/를 + 제의하다: This is the standard formal structure. Example: '유엔이 양측에 휴전을 제의했다' (The UN proposed a ceasefire to both sides).
Structure 2: [Action] + 자고 + 제의하다: Used when proposing a specific action using the suggestive ending '-자고'. Example: '그는 함께 점심을 먹자고 제의했다' (He proposed that they eat lunch together—note: still formal tone).

상대 팀에서 친선 경기를 제의해 왔습니다.
— Translation: The opposing team has come forward with a proposal for a friendly match.

One interesting grammatical feature is the use of ~해 오다 (to come doing). When you say 제의해 오다, it emphasizes that the proposal originated from the other party and reached you. This is very common in business reporting. For instance, '그 회사에서 매각을 제의해 왔다' means 'That company reached out to us with a proposal to sell.'

조건이 맞지 않아 그들의 제의를 거절할 수밖에 없었다.
— Translation: Since the conditions didn't match, I had no choice but to reject their proposal.

When conjugating in the past tense, it becomes 제의했다. In formal speech (Hapsyo-che), it is 제의했습니다. In polite speech (Haeyo-che), it is 제의했어요. However, due to the formal nature of the word itself, it is most frequently encountered in its -습니다 or written -ㄴ다 forms in news and reports.

You will encounter 제의하다 most frequently in formal environments. If you are a fan of Korean dramas (K-Dramas), specifically those centered around corporate power struggles, legal battles, or political intrigue, this word will appear in almost every episode. Characters '제의' a deal to their rivals, '제의' a bribe (though usually more subtly phrased), or '제의' a marriage of convenience to merge two powerful families.

The Newsroom: News anchors use this word daily. '정부는 야당에 영수회담을 제의했습니다' (The government proposed a summit to the opposition party). It provides a neutral, objective tone to the reporting of political maneuvers.
Business Meetings: During a presentation or a negotiation, a representative might say, '저희는 다음과 같은 협력 방안을 제의하고자 합니다' (We would like to propose the following cooperation measures).

감독은 그 배우에게 주인공 역할을 제의했다.
— Translation: The director offered the lead role to that actor.

In the entertainment industry, casting offers are often described using this word. When a famous actor is considering a script, the news might report that they '출연 제의를 받았다' (received an offer to appear). This implies a professional level of interest rather than a casual chat. It signifies that a contract or a formal agreement is potentially on the table.

그는 파격적인 연봉으로 이직을 제의받았다.
— Translation: He was offered a job change with an exceptional salary.

Ultimately, 제의하다 is the language of professional advancement and strategic movement. Whether it is in the boardroom, the parliament, or the film studio, it marks the beginning of a formal negotiation or a significant life change. Hearing this word should immediately alert you to the fact that a serious offer is being considered.

The most common mistake learners make with 제의하다 is using it in overly casual situations. Because English often uses 'propose' or 'suggest' interchangeably, learners might say '점심 먹는 것을 제의해요' (I propose eating lunch). While grammatically correct, it sounds bizarrely formal—as if you are making a formal motion in a government subcommittee. In casual settings, ~하자고 하다 or 제안하다 is much more natural.

Confusing 제의 (Je-ui) with 제안 (Je-an): While both mean 'to propose,' 제안 is broader and can be used for ideas, plans, or suggestions in both formal and semi-formal contexts. 제의 is more specifically about making an offer or a formal motion for discussion.
Incorrect Particle Usage: Learners sometimes use ~를 제의하다 for the person receiving the proposal. Remember: the *proposal* gets ~을/를, and the *person* gets ~에게.

Wrong: 친구를 영화 보자고 제의했다.
Right: 친구에게 영화 보자고 제안했다.
— Explanation: Use '제안하다' for casual suggestions to friends, and use the particle '에게'.

Another mistake is confusing 제의하다 with 제시하다 (to present/show). While they look similar, 제시하다 is about showing evidence, data, or an ID card. If you '제시' a plan, you are showing it; if you '제의' a plan, you are proposing that the other party accept it. This is a subtle but important distinction in business meetings.

협상을 제의할 때는 구체적인 조건이 필요하다.
— Translation: When proposing a negotiation, specific conditions are necessary.

Finally, remember that 제의하다 is a '하다' verb. In very formal writing (like a thesis or a formal report), you might see the passive form 제의되다 (to be proposed). Using the active form when the passive is required is a common advanced-level error.

Korean has a rich vocabulary for making suggestions, and choosing the right one depends entirely on the context and relationship. While 제의하다 is at the top end of the formality scale, other words offer different nuances.

제안하다 (Je-an-ha-da): The most common alternative. It is used for proposing ideas, plans, or suggestions. It is less formal than '제의하다' and more versatile. If in doubt, '제안하다' is usually the safer choice.
건의하다 (Geon-ui-ha-da): Specifically used when suggesting something to a superior or an authority figure. It often implies a suggestion for improvement or a request for a change in policy. Example: '사장님께 새로운 복지 제도를 건의했다' (I suggested a new welfare system to the CEO).
추천하다 (Chu-cheon-ha-da): To recommend. This is used when you are suggesting a specific person, thing, or course of action based on its merits. '이 영화를 추천해요' (I recommend this movie).

우리는 새로운 마케팅 전략을 제안했다.
— Translation: We proposed a new marketing strategy (Standard professional usage).

For even more formal contexts, such as in the National Assembly or during a board meeting, you might hear 발의하다 (to move/propose a bill). This is even more specialized than 제의하다. Conversely, in casual speech, people often use 권하다 (to advise/recommend) when suggesting someone try something, like a particular dish or a hobby.

직원들은 근무 환경 개선을 건의했다.
— Translation: The employees suggested (petitioned for) improvements to the working environment.

Choosing between these words shows your level of Korean proficiency. Using 제의하다 in a business negotiation shows you understand the weight of the moment, while using 건의하다 with your boss shows you respect the hierarchy. Mastering these nuances will make your Korean sound much more natural and professional.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The character '제' (提) is the same one used in '제공' (provide) and '제출' (submit), all relating to the act of bringing something forward to someone else.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /t͡ɕe.ɰi.ɦa.da/

US /t͡ɕe.ɰi.ɦa.da/

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but a slight emphasis may be placed on the first syllable '제' to clearly initiate the word.

तुकबंदी

공의하다 (gong-ui-ha-da) 동의하다 (dong-ui-ha-da) 심의하다 (sim-ui-ha-da) 협의하다 (hyeop-ui-ha-da) 결의하다 (gyeol-ui-ha-da) 건의하다 (geon-ui-ha-da) 논의하다 (non-ui-ha-da) 항의하다 (hang-ui-ha-da)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing '의' too strongly as 'eu-i'. In '제의', the 'i' sound should dominate.
Muffling the 'h' in '하다'. It should be a clear, light breath.
Confusing the vowel 'ㅔ' (e) in '제' with 'ㅐ' (ae), though the distinction is disappearing in modern Seoul speech.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts once you know the Hanja roots.

लिखना 4/5

Requires knowledge of when it is appropriate versus '제안하다'.

बोलना 4/5

Natural usage requires understanding the formality level of the situation.

श्रवण 3/5

Commonly heard in news and professional dramas.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

하다 의견 생각 말하다 제안

आगे सीखें

결의하다 심의하다 협의하다 상정하다

उन्नत

발의 (Motion) 부결 (Rejection of a motion) 가결 (Passing of a motion) 중재 (Mediation)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

-자고 하다 / 제의하다 (Indirect Suggestion)

그는 함께 밥을 먹자고 제의했다.

-을 것을 제의하다 (Proposing an action)

그는 회의를 연기할 것을 제의했다.

-해 오다 (Action continuing to the present/approaching)

그들은 우리에게 협력을 제의해 왔다.

Passive -받다 / -되다

그는 좋은 조건으로 이직을 제의받았다.

Hanja structure (Noun + 하다)

제의 (Noun) + 하다 (Verb) = 제의하다.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

그는 나에게 사과를 제의했다.

He offered an apology to me.

A1 level simplified usage of 'propose/offer'.

선생님이 게임을 제의했어요.

The teacher suggested a game.

Formal polite ending -어요.

우리는 친구에게 도움을 제의했다.

We offered help to our friend.

Past tense -했다.

그녀는 같이 가자고 제의했다.

She proposed going together.

Indirect proposal using -자고.

아빠가 외식을 제의했습니다.

Dad proposed eating out.

Very formal ending -습니다.

누가 이 아이디어를 제의했나요?

Who proposed this idea?

Question form -나요?

동생이 산책을 제의해요.

My younger sibling suggests a walk.

Present tense -해요.

친구가 선물을 제의했다.

A friend offered a gift.

Simple object + 제의했다.

회사가 그에게 일자리를 제의했다.

The company offered him a job.

Business context.

우리는 새로운 계획을 제의할 거예요.

We are going to propose a new plan.

Future tense -ㄹ 거예요.

감독님이 배우에게 역할을 제의했습니다.

The director offered the role to the actor.

Honorific -님 with formal ending.

그들은 평화를 제의했습니다.

They proposed peace.

Abstract noun as object.

사장님이 보너스를 제의하셨어요.

The CEO offered a bonus.

Subject honorific -시-.

그는 나에게 협력을 제의해 왔다.

He reached out to propose cooperation.

Usage of -해 오다 (approached with).

우리는 그 제의를 받아들였다.

We accepted that proposal.

Using '제의' as a noun.

누군가 휴식을 제의했다.

Someone suggested a break.

Indefinite pronoun '누군가'.

정부는 야당에 대화를 제의했습니다.

The government proposed a dialogue to the opposition party.

Political context, formal particles.

상대 팀이 친선 경기를 제의해 왔습니다.

The opposing team came forward with a proposal for a friendly match.

Sports context, -해 오다.

그는 파격적인 조건을 제의하며 계약을 유도했다.

He induced a contract by proposing exceptional conditions.

Using -하며 (while/and).

우리는 더 나은 해결책을 제의하기로 했다.

We decided to propose a better solution.

-기로 하다 (decided to).

그녀는 잡지 모델직을 제의받았다.

She was offered a position as a magazine model.

Passive form -제의받다.

협상을 제의하기 전에 준비가 필요하다.

Preparation is needed before proposing a negotiation.

-기 전에 (before doing).

그는 나에게 동업을 제의했지만 나는 거절했다.

He proposed a partnership to me, but I refused.

-지만 (but).

양국은 조속한 시일 내에 회담을 제의하기로 합의했다.

The two countries agreed to propose a summit as soon as possible.

Diplomatic language.

A사는 B사에 전격적인 인수 합병을 제의했다.

Company A proposed a surprise merger and acquisition to Company B.

Business terminology (인수 합병).

그는 자신의 결백을 증명하기 위해 재수사를 제의했다.

He proposed a reinvestigation to prove his innocence.

Legal context, -기 위해 (in order to).

유엔 사무총장은 분쟁 지역의 휴전을 제의했다.

The UN Secretary-General proposed a ceasefire in the conflict zone.

International relations terminology.

감독은 주연 배우에게 대본 수정을 제의했다.

The director proposed a script revision to the lead actor.

Professional arts context.

그들은 공동 연구를 제의하며 협력의 뜻을 밝혔다.

They expressed their intention to cooperate by proposing joint research.

Academic/Research context.

이사회는 새로운 의장을 선출할 것을 제의했다.

The board proposed electing a new chairman.

-ㄹ 것을 제의하다 (propose that...).

그는 상대방에게 정식으로 사과할 것을 제의받았다.

He was suggested (asked) to formally apologize to the other party.

Passive context within a recommendation.

경제 단체들은 세금 감면을 정부에 제의했다.

Economic organizations proposed tax cuts to the government.

Policy-related usage.

야권은 국정 조사 실시를 강력히 제의하고 나섰다.

The opposition bloc has come forward strongly proposing a state affairs investigation.

Advanced political phrasing (-고 나서다).

그는 파격적인 연봉과 복지 혜택을 제의받으며 스카우트되었다.

He was scouted while being offered an exceptional salary and welfare benefits.

High-level career vocabulary.

교수는 학회에서 새로운 이론적 프레임워크를 제의했다.

The professor proposed a new theoretical framework at the academic conference.

Academic context.

협상단은 상대 측의 제의를 면밀히 검토한 후 답변하기로 했다.

The negotiation team decided to respond after carefully reviewing the other side's proposal.

Formal decision-making process.

그는 갈등 해결을 위해 제3자의 중재를 제의했다.

He proposed third-party mediation to resolve the conflict.

Conflict resolution terminology.

위원회는 관련 법안의 개정을 국회에 제의하기로 결의했다.

The committee resolved to propose an amendment to the relevant bill to the National Assembly.

Legislative process language.

그의 제의는 당시 사회적 분위기 속에서 매우 혁신적인 것이었다.

His proposal was very innovative within the social atmosphere of that time.

Historical analysis context.

피고 측은 원고 측에 합의금을 지불할 것을 제의했다.

The defendant's side proposed paying a settlement to the plaintiff's side.

Legal/Court terminology.

본 연구는 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 다각적 협력 모델을 제의하고자 한다.

This study intends to propose a multilateral cooperation model for sustainable development.

Academic thesis introduction style.

의장은 회의의 효율성을 높이기 위해 의사 일정 변경을 제의했다.

The chairman proposed a change in the agenda to increase the efficiency of the meeting.

Parliamentary procedure language.

그의 제의는 단순한 제안을 넘어 조직의 근간을 흔드는 파격적인 것이었다.

His proposal went beyond a simple suggestion and was a radical one that shook the very foundations of the organization.

Sophisticated descriptive prose.

정부는 민생 안정을 위한 긴급 대책을 국회에 제의할 방침이다.

The government plans to propose emergency measures for the stabilization of people's livelihoods to the National Assembly.

Policy planning and reporting style.

양측의 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립하는 가운데, 새로운 중재안이 제의되었다.

Amid the sharp conflict of interests between both sides, a new mediation plan was proposed.

Advanced journalistic/literary style.

그는 평생을 바친 연구 결과를 바탕으로 인류의 미래를 위한 새로운 패러다임을 제의했다.

Based on the results of a lifetime of research, he proposed a new paradigm for the future of humanity.

Grand, philosophical context.

회사는 위기 극복을 위해 노조 측에 임금 동결을 제의할 수밖에 없는 상황이다.

The company is in a situation where it has no choice but to propose a wage freeze to the labor union to overcome the crisis.

Labor relations context.

그의 제의가 받아들여짐으로써 양국 관계는 새로운 국면을 맞이하게 되었다.

By his proposal being accepted, the relationship between the two countries entered a new phase.

Historical/Narrative conclusion style.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

협상을 제의하다

도움을 제의하다

정식으로 제의하다

조건을 제의하다

만남을 제의하다

휴전을 제의하다

동업을 제의하다

사직을 제의하다

결혼을 제의하다

대화를 제의하다

सामान्य वाक्यांश

제의를 받다

— To receive a proposal or an offer from someone else.

그는 유명한 감독으로부터 출연 제의를 받았다.

제의를 거절하다

— To decline a formal offer or proposal.

우리는 그들의 제의를 정중히 거절했다.

제의를 수락하다

— To accept a formal offer or proposal.

그는 마침내 회사의 제의를 수락하기로 했다.

제의를 검토하다

— To review or consider a proposal carefully.

우리는 현재 그들의 제의를 긍정적으로 검토 중이다.

제의가 들어오다

— For a proposal or offer to come in (be made to you).

여러 곳에서 좋은 제의가 들어오고 있다.

제의를 철회하다

— To take back a proposal that was previously offered.

그는 상황이 변하자 자신의 제의를 철회했다.

제의를 무시하다

— To disregard or not respond to a proposal.

그들은 우리의 평화 제의를 완전히 무시했다.

제의에 응하다

— To respond to or accept a proposal.

그는 나의 제의에 흔쾌히 응해 주었다.

제의를 전달하다

— To pass along a proposal to the intended recipient.

비서가 사장님께 나의 제의를 전달했다.

제의가 성사되다

— For a proposal to be successfully realized or agreed upon.

오랜 협상 끝에 제의가 성사되었다.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

제의하다 vs 제안하다

A general suggestion. Use '제안' for ideas and '제의' for formal offers/motions.

제의하다 vs 제시하다

To show or present. '제시' is about showing evidence; '제의' is about making a proposal.

제의하다 vs 제외하다

To exclude. Very different meaning, but sounds similar. Be careful with spelling.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"손을 내밀다"

— To reach out a hand; often used figuratively to mean offering help or proposing a truce.

그는 먼저 화해의 손을 내밀며 대화를 제의했다.

Neutral

"미끼를 던지다"

— To throw a bait; proposing something tempting to see how the other party reacts.

그는 더 큰 이익을 미끼로 제의를 던졌다.

Informal

"다리를 놓다"

— To build a bridge; acting as a mediator to help propose a deal between two parties.

그가 중간에서 다리를 놓아 제의가 성사되었다.

Neutral

"밑져야 본전"

— Nothing to lose; used when proposing something where even if it fails, you are no worse off.

밑져야 본전이라는 생각으로 제의를 해 보았다.

Informal

"운을 떼다"

— To break the ice or start talking; often used when tentatively proposing a difficult topic.

그는 조심스럽게 사직에 대한 운을 떼며 제의를 시작했다.

Neutral

"판을 짜다"

— To set the stage or make a plan; proposing a comprehensive scheme or deal.

그는 새로운 사업을 위해 치밀하게 판을 짜고 제의했다.

Neutral

"물꼬를 트다"

— To open the floodgates; a proposal that starts a series of further actions or discussions.

이번 제의가 양국 대화의 물꼬를 트는 계기가 되었다.

Neutral

"수를 읽다"

— To read someone's moves; understanding the intent behind a proposal.

그는 상대방의 제의 속에 숨겨진 수를 읽으려 노력했다.

Neutral

"배수진을 치다"

— To burn one's bridges (fight to the death); making a final, non-negotiable proposal.

그는 배수진을 치는 심정으로 마지막 제의를 던졌다.

Formal

"화답을 하다"

— To respond in kind; accepting or positively responding to a proposal.

그들은 우리의 협력 제의에 적극적인 화답을 해 왔다.

Formal

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

제의하다 vs 건의하다

Both involve making a suggestion.

'건의하다' is specifically upwards (to a boss/authority). '제의하다' is a formal offer to any party.

사장님께 건의했다 (To boss) vs B사에 제의했다 (To another company).

제의하다 vs 추천하다

Both involve suggesting something.

'추천하다' is recommending something based on quality. '제의하다' is proposing a deal or action.

영화를 추천하다 (Recommend) vs 협상을 제의하다 (Propose negotiation).

제의하다 vs 권하다

Both involve suggestions.

'권하다' is a softer advice or invitation. '제의하다' is a formal motion.

차 한 잔을 권하다 (Offer tea) vs 합병을 제의하다 (Propose merger).

제의하다 vs 발의하다

Both are very formal.

'발의하다' is almost exclusively for legal bills or formal motions in parliament.

법안을 발의하다 (Introduce a bill).

제의하다 vs 상정하다

Both involve bringing up an idea.

'상정하다' means to officially put an item on a meeting agenda.

안건을 회의에 상정하다 (Table the agenda).

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

A가 B에게 C를 제의하다

민수가 영희에게 도움을 제의했다.

A가 B에게 ~자고 제의하다

사장님이 직원들에게 회식하자고 제의했다.

A로부터 ~ 제의를 받다

나는 친구로부터 동업 제의를 받았다.

~을/를 정식으로 제의하다

우리 회사는 협상을 정식으로 제의했다.

~해 올 것을 제의하다

그는 대책을 마련해 올 것을 제의했다.

~하는 방안을 제의하다

전문가들은 문제를 해결하는 방안을 제의했다.

~에 대해 수정을 제의하다

위원회는 초안에 대해 수정을 제의했다.

~하고자 제의하는 바이다

본인은 이 안건을 상정하고자 제의하는 바입니다.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

제의 (Proposal/Offer)

제의자 (Proposer)

제의서 (Written proposal)

क्रिया

제의받다 (To be offered)

제의되다 (To be proposed - passive)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

High in professional/formal contexts; Low in casual daily speech.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using '제의하다' for choosing lunch. → 점심 먹는 것을 제안하다 / ~하자고 하다.
'제의하다' is too formal for minor daily choices.
Saying '나를 제의했다' to mean 'He offered me [a job]'. → 나에게 제의했다.
The person receiving the offer needs the particle '~에게'.
Spelling it as '제외하다'. → 제의하다.
'제외하다' means to exclude, which is the opposite of bringing something forward.
Confusing '제의' with '제시'. → 조건을 제의하다 (Propose conditions) vs 신분증을 제시하다 (Show ID).
'제시' is about presenting/showing; '제의' is about proposing for discussion.
Using '제의하다' when suggesting to a boss. → 건의하다.
While '제의하다' isn't wrong, '건의하다' specifically shows the respect of a subordinate making a suggestion.

सुझाव

Professional Email Tip

When reaching out to a potential partner, use '협력을 제의하고자 메일 드립니다' (I am emailing to propose cooperation).

Particle Check

Always check if you are using '에게' for the recipient and '을/를' for the proposal itself.

News Reading

When you see '제의' in a headline, look for the two parties involved to understand the diplomatic move.

Business Etiquette

Making a '제의' implies you have a concrete plan. Don't use it for vague ideas.

The 'J-E-I' Sound

Remember 'Je-i' sounds like 'Jay' (a person) and 'I'. Jay and I are making a formal proposal.

Being Offered

Use '제의받다' for when you are the recipient of a great job or role offer.

Formality level

If you want to sound like a K-Drama CEO, use '제의하다'. If you want to sound like a normal coworker, use '제안하다'.

Hanja Power

Knowing '의' (Discussion) helps you learn other words like '회의' (Meeting) and '의견' (Opinion).

Report Writing

In academic papers, '제의하다' is excellent for introducing a new model or theory.

TV Context

Characters often say '제의를 거절할 수 없을 겁니다' (You won't be able to refuse this offer) during intense scenes.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of '제' (Je) as 'Jelly' and '의' (Ui) as 'We'. You are bringing 'Jelly' to 'We' (the group) to 'propose' a party. 'Je-ui-hada' = Proposing the Jelly Party.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a person in a formal suit lifting a silver platter (제) that holds a document labeled 'IDEA' (의) and presenting it to a board of directors.

Word Web

제안 (Suggestion) 제의 (Formal Proposal) 발의 (Bill Proposal) 건의 (Suggestion to Superior) 협상 (Negotiation) 수락 (Acceptance) 거절 (Rejection) 조건 (Condition)

चैलेंज

Try to write three sentences about a business deal using '제의하다', '제의를 받다', and '제의를 거절하다'.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Derived from the Hanja characters 提 (제) and 議 (의).

मूल अर्थ: 提 (제) means 'to lift, hold, or bring forward,' and 議 (의) means 'to discuss, consult, or opinion.' Together, they mean 'to bring forward a matter for discussion.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful not to use this with friends for small things, as it can sound sarcastic or mockingly formal.

English speakers often use 'offer' or 'propose' for both casual and formal things. In Korean, you must distinguish. '제의하다' is much closer to 'make a formal motion' or 'extend an official offer' than just 'suggesting'.

News reports on Inter-Korean summits often use '회담을 제의하다'. Corporate K-Dramas like 'Misaeng' or 'Search: WWW' frequently use this in board meetings. Legal dramas use it when discussing settlements between lawyers.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Business Negotiations

협력 방안을 제의하다
인수 합병을 제의하다
새로운 계약을 제의하다
조건 변경을 제의하다

Diplomacy and News

평화 회담을 제의하다
인도적 지원을 제의하다
공동 조사를 제의하다
휴전을 제의하다

Entertainment Industry

주연 역할을 제의하다
광고 모델을 제의하다
전속 계약을 제의하다
카메오 출연을 제의하다

Legal and Institutional

합의를 제의하다
재심을 제의하다
법 개정을 제의하다
중재를 제의하다

Serious Interpersonal

결혼을 제의하다
동업을 제의하다
금전적 도움을 제의하다
사과를 제의하다

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"상대방이 제의한 조건을 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"새로운 프로젝트를 제의하고 싶은데, 언제 시간이 되시나요?"

"그쪽 회사에서 먼저 제의해 온 것인가요?"

"제의를 수락하기 전에 고려해야 할 점이 무엇일까요?"

"혹시 다른 회사로부터 이직 제의를 받은 적이 있나요?"

डायरी विषय

오늘 누군가에게 중요한 것을 제의했다면, 그 내용과 상대방의 반응에 대해 써 보세요.

만약 당신이 회사의 CEO라면, 직원들에게 어떤 새로운 복지 제도를 제의하고 싶나요?

인생에서 가장 기억에 남는 '제의'는 무엇이었나요? (받은 것이나 한 것 모두 포함)

뉴스를 보고 국가 간의 어떤 제의가 인상 깊었는지 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요.

제의를 거절해야 했던 경험이 있다면, 그 이유와 과정에 대해 서술해 보세요.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

It is not recommended. It sounds very formal, like you are in a business meeting. Use '제안하다' or '~하자' instead.

While common in business, it is also used in politics, diplomacy, and serious personal matters like a formal marriage proposal.

'제안' is a general suggestion or idea. '제의' is a more formal offer or a motion for discussion.

You say '제의를 받았어요' (Je-ui-reul ba-dat-eo-yo).

Use '제의를 하다' (to make a proposal) or 'A가 B에게 제의하다' (A proposes to B).

Yes, '결혼 제의' is a formal way to say marriage proposal, though '청혼' is more common.

It means someone else approached you with a proposal.

Yes, for example, when proposing a friendly match or a trade between teams.

In standard conversation, it sounds like '제이' (Je-i).

The most common opposite actions are '거절하다' (to refuse) or '철회하다' (to withdraw).

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें