B1 · मध्यवर्ती चैप्टर 35

Actions Done to Others: Passive Constructions

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इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of focusing on the recipient of an action rather than the performer in Burmese.

  • Identify passive voice markers for different contexts.
  • Integrate agents into passive sentences correctly.
  • Express involuntary experiences using specific particles.
Shift your focus: Mastering Burmese passive structures.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Learn how Burmese expresses actions where the subject receives the action, rather than performs it. This chapter covers various passive-like constructions.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe an event from the perspective of the person affected by it.

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

🎯

The 'Victim' Test

If you can add 'unfortunately' to the beginning of the sentence in English, it's a perfect candidate for ခံရ in Burmese.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)
💡

Focus on the Object

Always ensure the object is the focus of your sentence when using this structure.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)
🎯

Use 'Thi ya de' for Facts

If you want to sound more reliable, use 'thi ya de' (it is known) instead of 'pyaw gya de' (it is said).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions
💡

Focus on the Sufferer

Always remember that the subject is the one suffering the action.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alternative Passive-like Structures (Verb + ခံရ)

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

ခံရသည် to suffer/to be subjected to အခံရသည် to be in a position of being acted upon က agent marker အဖြစ်အပျက် event/incident ရသည် involuntary marker

Real-World Preview

newspaper

Reporting an Incident

Review Summary

  • Object + ခံရသည်
  • Subject + Action + ရသည်

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Passive voice shouldn't be used if the subject is the active performer. Only use it when the subject is the victim of the action.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော်စားခံရသည်။ (I was eaten.)
सही: ကျွန်တော်သည် အစာကို စားခဲ့သည်။ (I ate the food.)

The agent marker (က) must follow the person performing the action, not the passive verb.

Wrong: သူသည် ရိုက်ခံရသည် က ကျွန်တော်။
सही: သူသည် ကျွန်တော်က ရိုက်ခံရသည်။ (He was hit by me.)

The involuntary particle (ရသည်) attaches directly to the verb describing the experience.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် မိုးရွာသည် ရသည်။
सही: ကျွန်တော် မိုးမိရသည်။ (I got caught in the rain.)

Next Steps

You have conquered the passive voice! This is a major milestone in your Burmese proficiency. Keep practicing.

Write 5 sentences about your last bad day using passive voice.

Continue to: Making It Happen: Causative Verbs

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

Fill in the missing quote particle.

မနက်ဖြန် မိုးရွာမယ် ___ ပြောကြတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လို့
The particle 'lo' is required to quote the statement 'it will rain'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

အစီအစဉ်ကို သူတို့က စီစဉ်ခဲ့သည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အစီအစဉ်ကို သူတို့အားဖြင့် စီစဉ်ခဲ့သည်။
Formal passive requires 'အားဖြင့်'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ အဆူခံရတယ်။
Standard passive structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alternative Passive-like Structures (Verb + ခံရ)

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: စာအုပ်ကို သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။
Correct passive structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

စာအုပ်က သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: စာအုပ်ကို သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။
Object needs 'ကို'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Choose the correct sentence for 'I can hear the music.'

သီချင်းသံကို ___။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကြားရတယ်
Hearing is an involuntary perception, so 'ya-de' is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Which sentence means 'It is assumed that it is correct' in a formal context?

Choose the formal version:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မှန်သည်ဟု ယူဆရသည်။
'Hu' and 'yu sa ya thi' are the formal markers for impersonal assumptions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions

Fill in the blank to say 'I ended up arriving at the station.'

ဘူတာရုံကို ရောက်___တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သွားရ
'Yauk-thwa-ya-de' means 'ended up arriving'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Fill in the blank.

သူ ___ ခံရသည်။ (scolded)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အဆူ
အဆူခံရ means to be scolded.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)

Fill in the blank.

အစီရင်ခံစာကို အဖွဲ့ ___ ရေးသားခဲ့သည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အားဖြင့်
Agent marker.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

No, it's for negative experiences.
It can be both formal and informal.
Technically yes, but it sounds like the book was a burden. It's better to say ကျွန်တော့်ကို စာအုပ်ပေးတယ် (They gave me a book).
Adding လိုက် (laik) emphasizes that the action is completed and often adds a sense of suddenness or finality to the 'suffering'.
No, 'က' is for active voice. 'အားဖြင့်' is specifically for passive agents.
It is mostly used in formal contexts like news or reports, not in casual daily conversation.
पिछला अध्याय
Exploring Possibilities: Advanced Conditional Clauses
अगला अध्याय
Making It Happen: Causative Verbs
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