B1 · 中級 チャプター 35

Actions Done to Others: Passive Constructions

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of focusing on the recipient of an action rather than the performer in Burmese.

  • Identify passive voice markers for different contexts.
  • Integrate agents into passive sentences correctly.
  • Express involuntary experiences using specific particles.
Shift your focus: Mastering Burmese passive structures.

学べること

Learn how Burmese expresses actions where the subject receives the action, rather than performs it. This chapter covers various passive-like constructions.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe an event from the perspective of the person affected by it.

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 'Victim' Test

If you can add 'unfortunately' to the beginning of the sentence in English, it's a perfect candidate for ခံရ in Burmese.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)
💡

Focus on the Object

Always ensure the object is the focus of your sentence when using this structure.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)
🎯

Use 'Thi ya de' for Facts

If you want to sound more reliable, use 'thi ya de' (it is known) instead of 'pyaw gya de' (it is said).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions
💡

Focus on the Sufferer

Always remember that the subject is the one suffering the action.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alternative Passive-like Structures (Verb + ခံရ)

重要な語彙 (5)

ခံရသည် to suffer/to be subjected to အခံရသည် to be in a position of being acted upon က agent marker အဖြစ်အပျက် event/incident ရသည် involuntary marker

Real-World Preview

newspaper

Reporting an Incident

Review Summary

  • Object + ခံရသည်
  • Subject + Action + ရသည်

よくある間違い

Passive voice shouldn't be used if the subject is the active performer. Only use it when the subject is the victim of the action.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော်စားခံရသည်။ (I was eaten.)
正解: ကျွန်တော်သည် အစာကို စားခဲ့သည်။ (I ate the food.)

The agent marker (က) must follow the person performing the action, not the passive verb.

Wrong: သူသည် ရိုက်ခံရသည် က ကျွန်တော်။
正解: သူသည် ကျွန်တော်က ရိုက်ခံရသည်။ (He was hit by me.)

The involuntary particle (ရသည်) attaches directly to the verb describing the experience.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် မိုးရွာသည် ရသည်။
正解: ကျွန်တော် မိုးမိရသည်။ (I got caught in the rain.)

Next Steps

You have conquered the passive voice! This is a major milestone in your Burmese proficiency. Keep practicing.

Write 5 sentences about your last bad day using passive voice.

Continue to: Making It Happen: Causative Verbs

クイック練習 (10)

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အိမ်ကို ပညာရှင်အားဖြင့် တည်ဆောက်ခဲ့သည်။
Correct structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Which one implies an unexpected meeting?

သူငယ်ချင်းကို ___။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တွေ့ရတယ်
'Tway-ya-de' implies happening to meet someone.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Fill in the blank.

သူ ___ ခံရသည်။ (scolded)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အဆူ
အဆူခံရ means to be scolded.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)

Fill in the missing quote particle.

မနက်ဖြန် မိုးရွာမယ် ___ ပြောကြတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လို့
The particle 'lo' is required to quote the statement 'it will rain'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions

Which sentence means 'The thief was arrested'?

Choose the correct passive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူခိုးက ဖမ်းခံရတယ်။
Option B uses the passive marker correctly.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

သူ အဆူခံရခဲ့

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ အဆူခံခဲ့ရသည်
Tense placement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

စာအုပ်က သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: စာအုပ်ကို သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။
Object needs 'ကို'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Correct the sentence: သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

Find and fix the mistake:

သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။
In passive voice, the person receiving the action is the subject, so no 'ko' is needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)

Correct the mistake: 'I can't see the bird.'

Find and fix the mistake:

ငှက်ကို မမြင်ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ငှက်ကို မမြင်ရဘူး။
The involuntary negative requires 'ya'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Fill in the blank with the correct agent marker.

စာအုပ်ကို သူ ___ ရေးသားခဲ့သည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အားဖြင့်
Agent marker in passive is 'အားဖြင့်'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, it's for negative experiences.
It can be both formal and informal.
Technically yes, but it sounds like the book was a burden. It's better to say ကျွန်တော့်ကို စာအုပ်ပေးတယ် (They gave me a book).
Adding လိုက် (laik) emphasizes that the action is completed and often adds a sense of suddenness or finality to the 'suffering'.
No, 'က' is for active voice. 'အားဖြင့်' is specifically for passive agents.
It is mostly used in formal contexts like news or reports, not in casual daily conversation.
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Exploring Possibilities: Advanced Conditional Clauses
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Making It Happen: Causative Verbs
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