B1 · متوسط فصل 35

Actions Done to Others: Passive Constructions

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of focusing on the recipient of an action rather than the performer in Burmese.

  • Identify passive voice markers for different contexts.
  • Integrate agents into passive sentences correctly.
  • Express involuntary experiences using specific particles.
Shift your focus: Mastering Burmese passive structures.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Learn how Burmese expresses actions where the subject receives the action, rather than performs it. This chapter covers various passive-like constructions.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe an event from the perspective of the person affected by it.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

🎯

The 'Victim' Test

If you can add 'unfortunately' to the beginning of the sentence in English, it's a perfect candidate for ခံရ in Burmese.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)
💡

Focus on the Object

Always ensure the object is the focus of your sentence when using this structure.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)
🎯

Use 'Thi ya de' for Facts

If you want to sound more reliable, use 'thi ya de' (it is known) instead of 'pyaw gya de' (it is said).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Impersonal Passive Constructions
💡

Focus on the Sufferer

Always remember that the subject is the one suffering the action.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alternative Passive-like Structures (Verb + ခံရ)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

ခံရသည် to suffer/to be subjected to အခံရသည် to be in a position of being acted upon က agent marker အဖြစ်အပျက် event/incident ရသည် involuntary marker

Real-World Preview

newspaper

Reporting an Incident

Review Summary

  • Object + ခံရသည်
  • Subject + Action + ရသည်

اشتباهات رایج

Passive voice shouldn't be used if the subject is the active performer. Only use it when the subject is the victim of the action.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော်စားခံရသည်။ (I was eaten.)
صحیح: ကျွန်တော်သည် အစာကို စားခဲ့သည်။ (I ate the food.)

The agent marker (က) must follow the person performing the action, not the passive verb.

Wrong: သူသည် ရိုက်ခံရသည် က ကျွန်တော်။
صحیح: သူသည် ကျွန်တော်က ရိုက်ခံရသည်။ (He was hit by me.)

The involuntary particle (ရသည်) attaches directly to the verb describing the experience.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် မိုးရွာသည် ရသည်။
صحیح: ကျွန်တော် မိုးမိရသည်။ (I got caught in the rain.)

Next Steps

You have conquered the passive voice! This is a major milestone in your Burmese proficiency. Keep practicing.

Write 5 sentences about your last bad day using passive voice.

Continue to: Making It Happen: Causative Verbs

تمرین سریع (10)

Fill in the blank.

သူ ___ ခံရသည်။ (scolded)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အဆူ
အဆူခံရ means to be scolded.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)

Fill in the blank to say 'I ended up arriving at the station.'

ဘူတာရုံကို ရောက်___တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သွားရ
'Yauk-thwa-ya-de' means 'ended up arriving'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Which one implies an unexpected meeting?

သူငယ်ချင်းကို ___။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တွေ့ရတယ်
'Tway-ya-de' implies happening to meet someone.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (ရသည်) for Involuntary Actions

Which sentence means 'The thief was arrested'?

Choose the correct passive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူခိုးက ဖမ်းခံရတယ်။
Option B uses the passive marker correctly.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

အစီအစဉ်ကို သူတို့က စီစဉ်ခဲ့သည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အစီအစဉ်ကို သူတို့အားဖြင့် စီစဉ်ခဲ့သည်။
Formal passive requires 'အားဖြင့်'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အိမ်ကို ပညာရှင်အားဖြင့် တည်ဆောက်ခဲ့သည်။
Correct structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Fill in the blank.

အစီရင်ခံစာကို အဖွဲ့ ___ ရေးသားခဲ့သည်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အားဖြင့်
Agent marker.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Fill in the blank to say 'I was scolded'.

ကျွန်တော် ဆရာ့ဆူတာ __ တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ခံရ
To show you received the scolding, you must use ခံရ.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)

Fill in the blank.

သူ အဆူ___တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ခံရ
The passive suffix is 'ခံရ'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Alternative Passive-like Structures (Verb + ခံရ)

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: စာအုပ်ကို သူအားဖြင့် ရေးသည်။
Correct passive structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

No, it's for negative experiences.
It can be both formal and informal.
Technically yes, but it sounds like the book was a burden. It's better to say ကျွန်တော့်ကို စာအုပ်ပေးတယ် (They gave me a book).
Adding လိုက် (laik) emphasizes that the action is completed and often adds a sense of suddenness or finality to the 'suffering'.
No, 'က' is for active voice. 'အားဖြင့်' is specifically for passive agents.
It is mostly used in formal contexts like news or reports, not in casual daily conversation.
فصل قبلی
Exploring Possibilities: Advanced Conditional Clauses
فصل بعدی
Making It Happen: Causative Verbs
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