B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read متوسط

Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use ခံရ (khan-ya) after a verb to show the subject is receiving an action, usually something unpleasant.

  • Place ခံရ (khan-ya) directly after the main verb: ရိုက် (hit) becomes ရိုက်ခံရ (be hit).
  • The person doing the action is marked with က (ga): သူက ကျွန်တော့်ကို ရိုက်တယ် (He hit me).
  • It is mostly used for negative experiences like being scolded, hit, or cheated.
Subject + (Agent + က) + Verb + ခံရ + Tense

Passive Verb Formation

Verb Root Passive Marker Tense/Politeness Full Passive Form
ရိုက် (hit)
ခံရ
တယ် (Present/Past)
ရိုက်ခံရတယ် (was/is hit)
ဆူ (scold)
ခံရ
မယ် (Future)
ဆူခံရမယ် (will be scolded)
ဖမ်း (catch)
ခံရ
ပြီ (Perfect)
ဖမ်းခံရပြီ (has been caught)
လိမ် (lie/cheat)
ခံရ
သည် (Formal)
လိမ်ခံရသည် (is cheated)

Meanings

The passive voice in Burmese is primarily formed using the auxiliary verb ခံရ (khan-ya), which literally means 'to undergo' or 'to suffer'. It shifts the focus from the doer to the receiver of the action.

1

Adversative Passive

Used when the subject is negatively affected by an action.

“သူ ခိုးယူခံရတယ်။ (He was robbed.)”

“ကလေးက အမေ ဆူတာ ခံရတယ်။ (The child was scolded by his mother.)”

2

Formal/Academic Passive

Used in news or formal writing to describe events where the agent is unknown or unimportant.

“မြို့သစ်ကို တည်ဆောက်ခံရသည် (The new city was built - Note: rare, usually uses 'ပြုလုပ်သည်')”

“တရားခံကို ဖမ်းဆီးခံရသည်။ (The suspect was arrested.)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb + ခံရ + တယ်
ရိုက်ခံရတယ် (Was hit)
Negative
မ + Verb + ခံရ + ဘူး
မရိုက်ခံရဘူး (Wasn't hit)
Question
Verb + ခံရ + သလား
ရိုက်ခံရသလား (Were you hit?)
Formal
Verb + ခြင်း + ခံရသည်
ဖမ်းဆီးခြင်းခံရသည် (Was arrested)
With Agent
Agent + က + Verb + ခံရ
သူက ရိုက်တာ ခံရတယ် (Was hit by him)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
ကျွန်ုပ်သည် ဆရာ၏ အပြစ်တင်ခြင်းကို ခံရပါသည်။

ကျွန်ုပ်သည် ဆရာ၏ အပြစ်တင်ခြင်းကို ခံရပါသည်။ (School environment)

خنثی
ကျွန်တော် ဆရာဆူတာ ခံရတယ်။

ကျွန်တော် ဆရာဆူတာ ခံရတယ်။ (School environment)

غیر رسمی
ငါ ဆရာ့ဆူတာ ခံလိုက်ရတယ်ဟာ။

ငါ ဆရာ့ဆူတာ ခံလိုက်ရတယ်ဟာ။ (School environment)

عامیانه
ဆရာ့ဆော်တာ ခံလိုက်ရတယ်ဗျာ။

ဆရာ့ဆော်တာ ခံလိုက်ရတယ်ဗျာ။ (School environment)

Passive Voice Usage

ခံရ (khan-ya)

Negative Actions

  • ရိုက်ခံရ be hit
  • ဆူခံရ be scolded

Formal Events

  • ဖမ်းခံရ be arrested
  • ရွေးချယ်ခံရ be selected

Active vs Passive Focus

Active (Focus on Doer)
သူက ကျွန်တော့်ကို ရိုက်တယ်။ He hit me.
Passive (Focus on Victim)
ကျွန်တော် ရိုက်ခံရတယ်။ I was hit.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

ကျွန်တော် အဆူခံရတယ်။

I was scolded.

2

သူ အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

He was hit.

1

ခွေးက ရိုက်တာ ခံရတယ်။

The dog was hit (by someone).

2

ကျွန်တော် ဖိတ်ခေါ်ခံရတယ်။

I was invited.

1

သူခိုးသည် ရဲဖမ်းတာကို ခံရသည်။

The thief was caught by the police.

2

ကျွန်တော် အလုပ်က ထုတ်ခံရတယ်။

I was fired from work.

1

ထိုအဆောက်အဦးသည် မီးလောင်ကျွမ်းခြင်း ခံရသည်။

That building was destroyed by fire.

2

သူသည် လူအများ၏ လှောင်ပြောင်ခြင်းကို ခံရသည်။

He was mocked by the crowd.

1

ဥပဒေအရ အရေးယူခြင်း ခံရမည်ဖြစ်သည်။

Action will be taken according to the law.

2

နိုင်ငံရေးအရ ဖိနှိပ်ခံရမှုများ ရှိခဲ့သည်။

There were instances of political oppression.

1

ခေတ်အဆက်ဆက် ဖိနှိပ်ချုပ်ချယ်ခြင်း ခံခဲ့ရသော ပြည်သူတို့၏ ဘဝ။

The lives of the people who have been oppressed throughout successive eras.

2

ဝေဖန်တိုက်ခိုက်ခံရမှုများကို ကြံ့ကြံ့ခံနိုင်ရမည်။

One must be able to withstand being criticized and attacked.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်) در مقابل ရသည် (ya-thee) vs ခံရသည် (khan-ya-thee)

Learners often use 'ya' (to get) for both positive and negative passive actions.

Passive Voice with (အခံရသည်) در مقابل မိသည် (mi-thee) vs ခံရသည် (khan-ya-thee)

Both can imply something happened accidentally or negatively.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

ကျွန်တော် လက်ဆောင် ခံရတယ်။

✓

ကျွန်တော် လက်ဆောင် ရတယ်။

Don't use ခံရ for positive things like receiving gifts. Just use ရ (get).
✗

သူကို ရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

✓

သူ ရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

In passive voice, the person hit becomes the subject, so don't use the object marker ကို.
✗

သူက ကျွန်တော်ကို ရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

✓

ကျွန်တော်က သူရိုက်တာကို ခံရတယ်။

Confusing the agent and the patient. The one receiving the action is the main subject.
✗

စာအုပ်က ဖတ်ခံရတယ်။

✓

စာအုပ်ကို ဖတ်တယ်။

Burmese rarely uses passive for inanimate objects unless they are being destroyed or significantly altered. 'The book was read' is unnatural.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

ကျွန်တော် ___ ခံရတယ်။

သူ့ရဲ့ ___ ခြင်းကို ခံရသည်။

Real World Usage

Social Media common

Unfollow ခံလိုက်ရတယ် (I was unfollowed).

News Reports very common

တရားခံကို ဖမ်းဆီးရမိခြင်း ခံရသည်။ (The suspect was arrested.)

Workplace occasional

ကျွန်တော် အလုပ်က ထုတ်ခံရတယ်။ (I was fired.)

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🎯

The 'Victim' Test

If you can add 'unfortunately' to the beginning of the sentence in English, it's a perfect candidate for ခံရ in Burmese.
⚠️

Avoid Inanimate Objects

Don't say 'The apple was eaten' (ပန်းသီးက စားခံရတယ်). Just say 'Someone ate the apple'. Burmese prefers active voice for objects.
💬

Being Loved

While usually negative, 'အချစ်ခံရ' (being loved) is a common positive exception used to describe being cherished.

Smart Tips

Ask yourself: 'Is this bad news?' If yes, use ခံရ. If no, use active voice.

I was given a promotion. (Promotion ခံရတယ် - Sounds like a punishment!) → I got a promotion. (ရာထူးတိုးတယ် - Much more natural.)

Add 'gyin' before 'khan ya' to turn the verb into a noun first.

ဖမ်းခံရတယ် (was caught) → ဖမ်းဆီးခြင်းခံရသည် (was arrested - Formal)

Put the agent right before the verb and add 'ta' to the verb.

ကျွန်တော် ရိုက်ခံရတယ်။ (I was hit.) → ကျွန်တော် သူရိုက်တာ ခံရတယ်။ (I was hit by him.)

تلفظ

kʰàɴ ja̰

Khan-Ya Tone

The word 'Khan' (ခံ) is in the descending/heavy tone, while 'Ya' (ရ) is usually short and neutral when used as an auxiliary.

Emphasis on the Verb

ရိုက် ↘ ခံရတယ်

The emphasis is usually on the action that was suffered.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Khan' as 'Can't escape it' and 'Ya' as 'You got it'. You got the action and you couldn't escape the impact!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person standing under a rain cloud. The rain (the verb) is falling on them, and they are just standing there 'receiving' it. The cloud is the agent, the rain is the verb, and the person is the subject with ခံရ.

Rhyme

When an action comes your way, add ခံရ (khan-ya) to save the day!

Story

A thief (Agent) stole a bag. But the thief was caught (Passive) by the police. In the first part, the thief is active. In the second part, the thief is the 'victim' of the law, so we use ခံရ.

شبکه واژگان

ခံရ (to be...)အဆူခံရ (scolded)အရိုက်ခံရ (hit)အလိမ်ခံရ (cheated)အဖမ်းခံရ (arrested)အထုတ်ခံရ (fired)

چالش

Write three things that happened to you today using ခံရ. For example: 'I was bitten by a mosquito' or 'I was called by my boss'.

نکات فرهنگی

Using the passive voice can sometimes be a polite way to avoid directly blaming someone. Instead of saying 'You broke this', saying 'This was broken' (using a different structure) or 'I was affected by this' can soften the blow.

The word ခံ (khan) dates back to Old Burmese, meaning 'to support' or 'to bear weight'.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

မနေ့က အလုပ်မှာ ဘာအခက်အခဲတွေ ကြုံခဲ့ရလဲ?

“

ကျောင်းတုန်းက ဆရာဆူတာ ခံရဖူးလား?

“

မင်းရဲ့ ဖုန်း အခိုးခံရရင် ဘာလုပ်မလဲ?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a time you were surprised by someone's actions (good or bad).
Describe a news story you heard recently where someone was arrested or honored.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank to say 'I was scolded'.

ကျွန်တော် ဆရာ့ဆူတာ __ တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ခံရ
To show you received the scolding, you must use ခံရ.
Correct the sentence: သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။ Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။
In passive voice, the person receiving the action is the subject, so no 'ko' is needed.
Which sentence means 'The thief was arrested'? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct passive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူခိုးက ဖမ်းခံရတယ်။
Option B uses the passive marker correctly.
Translate: 'I was cheated.' ترجمه

I was cheated.

Answer starts with: ကျွ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကျွန်တော် အလိမ်ခံရတယ်။
လိမ် (to lie/cheat) + ခံရ (passive) = cheated.

Score: /4

تمرین‌های عملی

4 exercises
Fill in the blank to say 'I was scolded'.

ကျွန်တော် ဆရာ့ဆူတာ __ တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ခံရ
To show you received the scolding, you must use ခံရ.
Correct the sentence: သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။ Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

သူကို အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ အရိုက်ခံရတယ်။
In passive voice, the person receiving the action is the subject, so no 'ko' is needed.
Which sentence means 'The thief was arrested'? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct passive sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူခိုးက ဖမ်းခံရတယ်။
Option B uses the passive marker correctly.
Translate: 'I was cheated.' ترجمه

I was cheated.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကျွန်တော် အလိမ်ခံရတယ်။
လိမ် (to lie/cheat) + ခံရ (passive) = cheated.

Score: /4

سوالات متداول (6)

Technically yes, but it sounds like the book was a burden. It's better to say `ကျွန်တော့်ကို စာအုပ်ပေးတယ်` (They gave me a book).

Adding `လိုက်` (laik) emphasizes that the action is completed and often adds a sense of suddenness or finality to the 'suffering'.

Yes, very much so. In news, you will see `ခြင်းခံရသည်` (gyin-khan-ya-thee) used for arrests, appointments, and disasters.

No, but it usually is. You can use it for animals or important objects (like a building being destroyed), but not for trivial things like 'the water was drunk'.

You say `မရိုက်ခံရဘူး` (ma-yaik-khan-ya-bu) or `ရိုက်တာမခံရဘူး`.

Because it usually describes an 'adversary' or a negative situation affecting the subject.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Japanese high

れる / られる (reru/rareru)

Burmese uses a separate auxiliary verb 'khan', while Japanese uses a verb suffix.

Spanish moderate

Voz pasiva (ser + participio)

Spanish passive changes based on gender and number; Burmese 'khan ya' is invariant.

German low

Passiv mit 'werden'

German passive is structurally more complex with word order changes (V2 rule).

Arabic none

Majhul (Passive Voice)

Arabic passive is a morphological change; Burmese is a periphrastic construction.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)
Next
Agent in Passive Sentences (က)

Related Grammar Rules

C1

Impersonal Passive Constructions for Generalities
B1

Indirect Speech (ပြောသည် / ဆိုသည်)
B1

Changes in Pronouns and Time Expressions in Reported Speech
B1

Passive Voice with (ခံရသည်)
B1

Agent in Passive Sentences (က)
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