A1 Case System 5 min read कठिन

रूसी कारक प्रणाली: शब्दों के कार्यों का गुप्त कोड

Russian cases turn nouns into 'smart words' that tell you exactly what they are doing in a sentence.
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इसका अभ्यास करें

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Russian words change their endings based on their job in the sentence, which we call 'cases'.

  • Nominative: The subject of the sentence (e.g., 'Кот спит' - The cat sleeps).
  • Accusative: The direct object receiving action (e.g., 'Я вижу кота' - I see the cat).
  • Prepositional: Used for location with 'в' or 'на' (e.g., 'в доме' - in the house).
Noun (Base) + Ending = Role in Sentence

Overview

रूसी भाषा में छह कारक (cases) होते हैं: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, और Prepositional...

How This Grammar Works

जैसे हिंदी में 'ने', 'को', 'से' होता है, रूसी में शब्द का अंत बदल जाता है...

Formation Pattern

1
डिक्शनरी फॉर्म से शुरू करें...

When To Use It

  • Nominative: कर्ता के लिए...

Common Mistakes

सबसे बड़ी गलती यह सोचना है कि आप हमेशा एक ही रूप का उपयोग कर सकते हैं...

Contrast With Similar Patterns

यह हिंदी के कारकों के समान है...

Quick FAQ

Q

क्या मुझे सभी छह की आवश्यकता है? A: A1 के लिए, Nominative, Accusative और Prepositional पर ध्यान दें।

Meanings

The case system is a set of grammatical endings that indicate the function of a noun, pronoun, or adjective within a sentence.

1

Nominative

The subject performing the action.

“Студент учится.”

“Погода хорошая.”

2

Accusative

The direct object receiving the action.

“Я люблю музыку.”

“Он купил машину.”

3

Prepositional

Used to describe location or topic.

“Я живу в Москве.”

“Мы говорим о работе.”

Basic Noun Declension (Singular)

Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative стол книга окно
Accusative стол книгу окно
Prepositional столе книге окне

Reference Table

Reference table for रूसी कारक प्रणाली: शब्दों के कार्यों का गुप्त कोड
Case Name Key Question Core Function Example (Noun: Мама)
Nominative Who? What? The Subject (The Doer) Мама (Mom)
Accusative Whom? What? Direct Object (The Receiver) Маму (Mom - as object)
Genitive Of whom? Whose? Possession / Absence Мамы (Mom's / No mom)
Prepositional About/In whom/what? Location / Topic о Маме (About mom)
Dative To/For whom? Indirect Object (Recipient) Маме (To mom)
Instrumental With whom/what? Means / Company с Мамой (With mom)

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
Я направляюсь в магазин.

Я направляюсь в магазин. (Daily life)

तटस्थ
Я иду в магазин.

Я иду в магазин. (Daily life)

अनौपचारिक
Иду в магаз.

Иду в магаз. (Daily life)

बोलचाल
Валю в магаз.

Валю в магаз. (Daily life)

The 6 Case Roles of Russian

Case System

The Doer

  • Nominative Subject

The Receiver

  • Accusative Direct Object

The Location

  • Prepositional In/On/About

Subject vs. Object (Feminine)

Nominative (Subject)
Мама Mom (is doing)
Пицца Pizza (is there)
Accusative (Object)
Маму (Love) Mom
Пиццу (Eat) Pizza

Which Case Should I Use?

1

Is it the subject of the sentence?

YES
Nominative
NO
Go to next step
2

Is it the direct object (the 'what')?

YES
Accusative
NO ↓

Common Case Endings (Singular)

📍

Prepositional (Location)

  • • -е (most words)
  • • -ии (words ending in -ия)
🎯

Accusative (Object)

  • • -у (feminine -а)
  • • -ю (feminine -я)
  • • No change (masculine objects)
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

Это стол.

This is a table.

2

Я вижу стол.

I see a table.

3

Я в доме.

I am in the house.

4

Книга на столе.

The book is on the table.

1

Мама купила машину.

Mom bought a car.

2

Мы идем в парк.

We are going to the park.

3

Он живет в России.

He lives in Russia.

4

Я читаю газету.

I am reading a newspaper.

1

Я интересуюсь искусством.

I am interested in art.

2

Он подарил цветы жене.

He gave flowers to his wife.

3

Без воды нет жизни.

Without water there is no life.

4

Мы говорили о погоде.

We talked about the weather.

1

Благодаря помощи друзей, я справился.

Thanks to the help of friends, I managed.

2

Он управляет большой компанией.

He manages a large company.

3

Я сомневаюсь в его словах.

I doubt his words.

4

Она стала известным врачом.

She became a famous doctor.

1

Вопреки ожиданиям, проект был успешным.

Contrary to expectations, the project was successful.

2

Он был назначен директором института.

He was appointed director of the institute.

3

Я не вижу смысла в этих спорах.

I see no point in these arguments.

4

Мы наслаждаемся тишиной леса.

We are enjoying the silence of the forest.

1

Сей факт свидетельствует о глубоком кризисе.

This fact testifies to a deep crisis.

2

Он пренебрег советами коллег.

He disregarded the advice of colleagues.

3

Ввиду сложившихся обстоятельств, мы уходим.

In view of the circumstances, we are leaving.

4

Она была одарена редким талантом.

She was gifted with a rare talent.

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

Russian Case System: The Secret Code for Noun Roles बनाम Accusative vs Prepositional

Both involve 'в' or 'на'.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

✗

Я вижу мама.

✓

Я вижу маму.

Direct objects need the Accusative case.
✗

Я в Москва.

✓

Я в Москве.

Location requires the Prepositional case.
✗

Книга на стол.

✓

Книга на столе.

Location requires the Prepositional case.
✗

Это мой книга.

✓

Это моя книга.

Adjectives must match gender.
✗

Он идет в школу.

✓

Он идет в школу.

Correct, but watch for feminine endings.
✗

Я даю подарок друг.

✓

Я даю подарок другу.

Dative case is needed for recipients.
✗

Я пишу ручка.

✓

Я пишу ручкой.

Instrumental case for tools.
✗

Без вода.

✓

Без воды.

Genitive case after 'без'.
✗

Я с друг.

✓

Я с другом.

Instrumental after 'с'.
✗

Она стала врач.

✓

Она стала врачом.

Instrumental after 'стать'.
✗

Не вижу смысла.

✓

Не вижу смысла.

Correct, but often confused with Accusative.
✗

Вопреки приказа.

✓

Вопреки приказу.

Dative after 'вопреки'.
✗

Благодаря дождь.

✓

Благодаря дождю.

Dative after 'благодаря'.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

Я вижу ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Я в парке.

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
🎯

The 'Pizza' Rule

If you're stuck on feminine endings, remember 'Пицца' becomes 'Пиццу'. This -а to -у shift is the most common one you'll use daily!
⚠️

Prepositions aren't enough

In English, 'in' does all the work. In Russian, 'в' is just a signal. You MUST change the word ending too, or it sounds like 'I am in Moscow-city-default-form'.
💬

Don't fear mistakes

Russians are very used to foreigners mixing up cases. As long as you get the root of the word right, they'll know if you're ordering a beer or asking for the bathroom.

Smart Tips

Check if it's the subject.

Кот ест. → Кот ест.

उच्चारण

стол [stol] vs столы [staly]

Vowel Reduction

Unstressed 'o' sounds like 'a'.

Statement

Я иду в парк. ↘

Falling intonation at the end.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Never Give Dad A Interesting Present (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Prepositional).

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a cat (Nominative) wearing a hat (Accusative) sitting on a mat (Prepositional).

Rhyme

Nominative is the start, Accusative plays the object part.

Story

Ivan (Nominative) buys a book (Accusative). He reads it in the park (Prepositional). He gives it to his friend (Dative).

Word Web

столкнигаокнодругМоскваработа

चैलेंज

Label five objects in your room with their correct case endings.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

Cases are essential for sounding educated.

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

“

Где ты живешь?

डायरी विषय

Write about your day.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'Москва' (Prepositional).

Я сейчас в ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Москве
After 'в' (in) to indicate location, we use the Prepositional case, which usually ends in -е.
Which sentence correctly uses the Accusative case? बहुविकल्पी

Choose the correct way to say 'I want pizza':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я хочу пиццу.
When 'пицца' is the object of the verb 'хочу' (want), the feminine ending -а changes to -у.
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Кофе с сахар.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кофе с сахаром.
After 'с' (with), we use the Instrumental case. For masculine nouns, we usually add -ом.

Score: /3

अभ्यास प्रश्न

1 exercises
Fill the blank.

Я вижу ___ (стол).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: стол
Masculine inanimate Accusative.

Score: /1

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence: I am thinking about (Mama). खाली जगह भरो

Я думаю о ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: маме
Reorder the words to say 'I love you'. Sentence Reorder

тебя / Я / люблю

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я тебя люблю
Match the case name with its primary question. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nominative:Who?, Accusative:Whom?, Prepositional:Where?
Translate 'With a friend' (using 'друг'). अनुवाद

Translate: With a friend

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: С другом
Identify the error: 'Я читаю книгу.' Error Correction

Is this sentence correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yes, it is correct.
Which one shows possession? बहुविकल्पी

Whose car is it? (Ivan's car)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Машина Ивана.
I have no (water). खाली जगह भरो

У меня нет ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: воды
Put the words in order: 'The cat is on the table.' Sentence Reorder

на / Кот / столе

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Кот на столе
Match the location with the case. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: In the park:Prepositional, Into the park:Accusative, From the park:Genitive
How do you say 'to the friend'? बहुविकल्पी

I give a gift (to the friend).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: другу

Score: /10

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (1)

They provide precision and flexibility.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Prepositions

Endings vs Prepositions.

French low

Prepositions

Syntax vs Morphology.

German moderate

Cases

Number of cases.

Japanese low

Particles

Particles vs Endings.

Arabic moderate

I'rab

Vowel changes vs Suffixes.

Chinese none

Word order

No inflection.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
रूसी व्यक्तिगत सर्वनाम: मैं, तुम, वह (Я, Ты, Он...)

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