B2 · 중상급 챕터 46

Advanced Passive Constructions

3 총 규칙
36 예문
1 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of Swedish passive constructions to elevate your professional and formal writing style.

  • Distinguish between s-passive and bli-passive constructions.
  • Apply passive structures to formal reporting and objective statements.
  • Analyze the subtle nuances of agentless vs. agent-oriented passive voice.
Shift your focus, master the Swedish passive.

배울 내용

Nuances in passive voice usage. Learners will differentiate between s-passive and bli-passive.

  • Advanced Passive
    Shift focus from 'who said it' to 'what is being said' using formal -s endings.
  • Passive Nuances
    Choose -s for formal/general facts and 'bli' for specific actions, especially when reporting rumors or opinions.
  • Passive Voice Usage
    Turn the focus to the object by adding '-s' or using 'bli' to describe what happens to it.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate when to use s-passive versus bli-passive in professional reports.

주요 예문 (6)

1

Han påstås ha förfalskat dokumentet.

He is alleged to have forged the document.

Advanced Passive
2

Det befarades att ingen skulle komma.

It was feared that no one would come.

Advanced Passive
3

Han sägs ha vunnit lotteriet.

He is said to have won the lottery.

Passive Nuances
4

Beslutet fattades under mötet.

The decision was made during the meeting.

Passive Nuances
5

Han sägs ha flyttat utomlands.

He is said to have moved abroad.

Passive Voice Usage
6

Frågan anses vara mycket komplicerad.

The question is considered to be very complicated.

Passive Voice Usage

팁과 요령 (3)

🎯

The 'Lär' Shortcut

If you are unsure about the complex s-passive, use 'lär'. It's easier to conjugate and sounds very natural in spoken Swedish for reporting rumors.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive
🎯

The 'Man' Alternative

If the passive feels too stiff in speech, use 'man' (one/they). Instead of 'Bilen tvättas', say 'Man tvättar bilen'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances
🎯

The 'R' Rule

Always remember: if you see an 'r' in the present tense, kill it before you add the 's'. 'Kör' becomes 'körs', but 'läser' becomes 'läses'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice Usage

핵심 어휘 (5)

förutses is foreseen åtgärdas is addressed/fixed bli-passiv bli-passive s-passiv s-passive konsekvens consequence

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Project Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb + s
  • bli + past participle
  • Det + passive verb + clause

자주 하는 실수

Do not combine 'bli' with an s-passive verb. Use either one or the other.

Wrong: Det blir gjorts.
정답: Det görs.

Bli-passive requires the past participle form of the verb, not the infinitive.

Wrong: Boken blev läsa.
정답: Boken blev läst.

In formal reporting, keep the entire sentence in passive voice for consistency.

Wrong: Det förutses att vi ska arbeta.
정답: Det förutses att arbete ska utföras.

Next Steps

You've conquered the passive voice! Keep practicing, and your Swedish will sound incredibly professional.

Rewrite a news article using only passive constructions.

Continue to: Discourse Markers

빠른 연습 (9)

Change the verb to the S-passive present tense.

Boken ___ (läsa) av många studenter.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: läses
For Group 2 verbs like 'läsa', we remove the '-er' and add '-es'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice Usage

Find the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Det ryktas han ska flytta till London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Missing 'att'
Impersonal reporting with 'Det' requires the subjunction 'att'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive

Complete the bli-passive with the correct participle agreement.

Huset blev ___ (sälja) igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sålt
'Hus' is neuter (ett), so the participle must end in -t.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Han sägs att vara en duktig läkare.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: att
Reporting verbs like 'sägs' are followed directly by the infinitive without 'att'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice Usage

Choose the correct passive form for a formal instruction.

Dörren ___ klockan 22.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stängs
S-passive is preferred for general rules and instructions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Choose the correct form for a formal report.

Det ___ att ekonomin kommer att förbättras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sägs
The impersonal passive 'Det sägs' is the standard way to report general beliefs.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive

Correct the sentence: 'Han sägs att vara rik.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Han sägs att vara rik.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Han sägs vara rik.
With 'sägs' + infinitive, we don't use 'att'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Complete the personal passive construction.

Han sägs ___ (vara) en skicklig kirurg.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vara
After 'sägs', we use the infinitive 'vara'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Advanced Passive

Choose the correct Bli-passive form.

Huset ___ förra året.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: blev målat
'Hus' is a neuter (ett) word, so the participle must end in '-t'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice Usage

Score: /9

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'Man säger' is more informal and common in speech. 'Det sägs' is more formal and common in writing and news.
Yes, but it is more common in journalism and speech. In very formal academic writing, 'Det anses' or 'Det uppges' is preferred.
Yes, but it's a 'stative' passive. Dörren är låst means the door is already in a locked state. Dörren låses means someone is locking it.
Sägs is 'is said to'. Lär is more like 'is reportedly' or 'is likely to'. Lär is very common in journalism.
Use S-passive in formal writing or when the action is the focus. Use man in informal speech or when you want to include the listener in the action.
No, only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be made passive. You cannot make 'go' or 'sleep' passive.
이전 챕터
Nominalization
다음 챕터
Discourse Markers
로드맵으로 돌아가기