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Asking 'How are you?' (Как си/сте?)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Learn to ask 'How are you?' by choosing between the informal 'си' and the formal 'сте'.

  • Use 'Как си?' for friends, family, and peers.
  • Use 'Как сте?' for strangers, elders, or in professional settings.
  • The verb 'съм' (to be) changes based on the person you address.
Как + (си/сте) + ?

3. Verb 'to be' (съм) in questions

Form Bulgarian English Equivalent
Informal (Singular)
Как си?
How are you?
Formal (Singular/Plural)
Как сте?
How are you?

Meanings

These phrases are the standard way to inquire about someone's well-being or state of being in Bulgarian.

1

Informal inquiry

Asking a peer or friend how they are.

“Как си?”

“Как си днес?”

2

Formal inquiry

Asking a stranger, elder, or superior how they are.

“Как сте?”

“Как сте, господине?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Asking 'How are you?' (Как си/сте?)
Form Structure Example
Informal
Как + си
Как си?
Formal
Как + сте
Как сте?
Plural
Как + сте
Как сте (всички)?
Past (Informal)
Как беше?
How was it?
Past (Formal)
Как бяхте?
How were you?
Future (Informal)
Как ще си?
How will you be?

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Как сте?

Как сте? (General greeting)

خنثی
Как сте?

Как сте? (General greeting)

غیر رسمی
Как си?

Как си? (General greeting)

عامیانه
Как е?

Как е? (General greeting)

Greeting Map

Как...?

Informal

  • си you (singular)

Formal

  • сте you (formal/plural)
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Здравей, как си?

Hello, how are you?

2

Добър ден, как сте?

Good day, how are you?

3

Как си днес?

How are you today?

4

Как сте всички?

How are you all?

1

Как си, Мария?

How are you, Maria?

2

Как сте, господине?

How are you, sir?

3

Здравейте, как сте?

Hello, how are you?

4

Как си, приятелю?

How are you, friend?

1

Не те видях отдавна, как си?

I haven't seen you in a while, how are you?

2

Извинете, как сте днес?

Excuse me, how are you today?

3

Как си след изпита?

How are you after the exam?

4

Как сте с работата?

How are you doing with work?

1

Кажи ми, как си наистина?

Tell me, how are you really?

2

Как сте се справили с проекта?

How have you (plural) managed with the project?

3

Как си, въпреки всичко?

How are you, despite everything?

4

Как сте, след като се преместихте?

How are you (formal) after moving?

1

Как си, след като преживя толкова?

How are you, after enduring so much?

2

Как сте, госпожо, в тези трудни времена?

How are you, ma'am, in these difficult times?

3

Как си, когато си сам?

How are you when you are alone?

4

Как сте, след като взехте решението?

How are you (formal) after making the decision?

1

Как си, в този хаос?

How are you, in this chaos?

2

Как сте, след като приключихте с преговорите?

How are you (formal) after finishing the negotiations?

3

Как си, след толкова години?

How are you, after so many years?

4

Как сте, след като се завърнахте?

How are you (formal) after returning?

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Asking 'How are you?' (Как си/сте?) در مقابل си vs сте

Learners mix up the singular informal and formal/plural.

Asking 'How are you?' (Как си/сте?) در مقابل Как vs Като

Both start with 'Ka'.

Asking 'How are you?' (Как си/сте?) در مقابل ти vs Вие

Mixing pronouns with verbs.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Как сите?

✓

Как сте?

Mixing the two forms.
✗

Как ти си?

✓

Как си?

Redundant pronoun.
✗

Как сте ти?

✓

Как си?

Wrong verb for informal.
✗

Как си вие?

✓

Как сте?

Wrong verb for formal.
✗

Как е ти?

✓

Как си?

Using third person.
✗

Как си господине?

✓

Как сте, господине?

Informal verb with formal title.
✗

Как сте, приятелю?

✓

Как си, приятелю?

Formal verb with informal friend.
✗

Как си, колеги?

✓

Как сте, колеги?

Informal verb with plural group.
✗

Как сте, ти?

✓

Как си?

Mixing registers.
✗

Как си, учителю?

✓

Как сте, учителю?

Informal verb with authority.
✗

Как си, госпожо?

✓

Как сте, госпожо?

Register mismatch.
✗

Как сте, брат?

✓

Как си, брат?

Formal verb with slang.
✗

Как си, вие?

✓

Как сте?

Register mismatch.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Как ___?

Как ___ днес?

Здравей, как ___?

Добър ден, как ___?

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

Как си?

Meeting a client very common

Как сте?

Social media comment common

Как си, приятелю?

Job interview common

Как сте днес?

Ordering at a cafe occasional

Как сте?

Travel/Hotel check-in common

Как сте?

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💡

Drop the pronoun

You don't need to say 'Ти как си?'. Just 'Как си?' is perfectly natural.
⚠️

Register matters

Using 'си' with a stranger can be seen as rude. When in doubt, use 'сте'.
🎯

The 'S' trick

Remember 'S' for 'Single' friend (си).
💬

Be genuine

Bulgarians value sincerity. If you ask 'Как си?', be prepared for a real answer!

Smart Tips

Always start with 'Как сте?'.

Как си? → Как сте?

Use 'Как си?'.

Как сте? → Как си?

Always use 'сте'.

Как си, момчета? → Как сте, момчета?

Default to 'сте'.

Как си? → Как сте?

تلفظ

/kak si/

Stress

The stress is on the first syllable 'Как'.

Rising

Как си? ↗

Standard question intonation.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember: 'S' for 'Single' friend (си), 'T' for 'Team' or 'The boss' (сте).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a 'S' shaped snake for your friend (си) and a 'T' shaped table for a formal meeting (сте).

Rhyme

For a friend, use 'си', for a boss, use 'сте'.

Story

You walk into a cafe. You see your friend Ivan and say 'Как си?'. Then you see the manager and say 'Как сте?'. It's that simple.

شبکه واژگان

Каксистездравейздравейтедобре

چالش

Send a text to a Bulgarian friend using 'Как си?' and note their response.

نکات فرهنگی

Bulgarians are quite direct. 'Как си?' is often a genuine question, not just a filler.

Young people often use 'Как е?' as a very casual greeting.

Formal address is strictly maintained with elders.

Derived from Old Church Slavonic interrogative 'kako'.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Как си?

“

Как сте днес?

“

Как си след работа?

“

Как сте с новия проект?

موضوعات نگارش

Write a dialogue between two friends.
Write a dialogue between a customer and a clerk.
Describe how you greet different people.
Reflect on the importance of formal address.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

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Test Yourself

Choose the correct form for a friend. چند گزینه‌ای

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
Informal singular is 'си'.
Fill in the blank for a formal situation.

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сте
Formal is 'сте'.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Как сте, приятелю?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Как си, приятелю?
Friend is informal.
Build the question. Sentence Building

Как + си = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Как си?
Simple addition.
Match the register. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си/сте
Informal/Formal.
Conjugate for formal. Conjugation Drill

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сте
Formal uses 'сте'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Здравей! B: Здравей! Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
Informal greeting.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can I use 'сте' for a friend?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, only for formal
Register mismatch.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct form for a friend. چند گزینه‌ای

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
Informal singular is 'си'.
Fill in the blank for a formal situation.

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сте
Formal is 'сте'.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Как сте, приятелю?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Как си, приятелю?
Friend is informal.
Build the question. Sentence Building

Как + си = ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Как си?
Simple addition.
Match the register. جفت کردن

Match informal/formal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си/сте
Informal/Formal.
Conjugate for formal. Conjugation Drill

Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сте
Formal uses 'сте'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Здравей! B: Здравей! Как ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: си
Informal greeting.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can I use 'сте' for a friend?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No, only for formal
Register mismatch.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Bulgarian uses different verb forms to show social distance and respect.

No, that would be too informal. Use 'Как сте'.

People will understand, but it might sound slightly rude or awkward.

No, it is the same for men and women.

You can say 'Добре съм' (I am good).

No, it is also the formal way to address one person.

No, use 'Как сте' for any group.

Yes, this is standard Bulgarian grammar.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Cómo estás / Cómo está

Bulgarian uses the same word 'Как' for both, whereas Spanish uses 'Cómo'.

French high

Comment vas-tu / Comment allez-vous

French requires the subject pronoun (tu/vous), while Bulgarian often drops it.

German moderate

Wie geht es dir / Wie geht es Ihnen

German changes the pronoun, while Bulgarian changes the verb ending.

Japanese low

O-genki desu ka

Japanese relies on particles and verb endings, not subject-verb agreement.

Arabic moderate

Kayfa haluka / Kayfa haluki

Arabic distinguishes gender in the second person, which Bulgarian does not in this phrase.

Chinese low

Ni hao ma

Chinese has no verb conjugation for person or register.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Introducing Yourself (Аз съм...)

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Asking 'How many?' (Колко?)
A1

Wh-Questions (Кой, Какво, Къде)
A1

Asking 'Whose is this?' (Чий е?)
A1

Asking 'Do you have?' (Имаш ли?)
A0

Asking 'What is this?' (Какво е това?)
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