A1 · 初級 チャプター 11

Prepositions of Place & Direction

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of locating objects and navigating the world in Bulgarian with ease.

  • Identify spatial relationships using seven key prepositions.
  • Describe the location of everyday objects.
  • Navigate your surroundings by giving and understanding simple directions.
Navigate your world with confidence and precision.

学べること

Discover common prepositions to describe location and movement, such as 'в' (in), 'на' (on/at), 'до' (next to). This chapter helps you navigate and describe spatial relationships.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe the precise location of objects in a room.

ヒントとコツ (4)

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The 'във' rule

Always check if the next word starts with 'в' or 'ф'. If it does, use 'във'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'В' (In, Into)
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Don't translate literally

English 'in' or 'at' doesn't always equal 'в' or 'на'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'На' (On, At)
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Context is Key

If you see 'до' with a time, it's 'until'. If with a place, it's 'next to'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'До' (Next to, By)
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Definite Articles

Always check if you need the definite article (e.g., -та, -то).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Под' (Under)

重要な語彙 (5)

маса table книга book стая room стол chair врата door

Real-World Preview

coffee

Finding a seat

Review Summary

  • Subject + е/са + в + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + на + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + до + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + под + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + над + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + пред + Noun
  • Subject + е/са + зад + Noun

よくある間違い

Use 'на' for surfaces like tables, not 'в' (inside).

Wrong: Книгата е в масата.
正解: Книгата е на масата.

Remember to use the definite article if you are referring to a specific door.

Wrong: Аз съм до врата.
正解: Аз съм до вратата.

Ensure nouns have the correct definite article suffix.

Wrong: Той е зад маса.
正解: Той е зад масата.

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job exploring Bulgarian space! Keep looking around and naming what you see.

Label items in your house with sticky notes using these prepositions.

Continue to: Possessive Power: Mine, Yours, Ours

クイック練習 (10)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Той работи над 5 часа.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той работи повече от 5 часа
Time requires 'повече от'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Над' (Above, Over)

Fill in the blank.

Изправен съм ___ труден избор.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: пред
Abstract usage 'faced with'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Пред' (In front of)

Correct the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Той предпочита кафе и чай.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той предпочита кафе пред чай.
Preference requires 'пред'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Пред' (In front of)

Fill in the blank.

Аз съм ___ масата.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: на
Use 'на' for surfaces.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'На' (On, At)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Котката е под маса.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Котката е под масата.
Needs definite article.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Под' (Under)

Fill in the blank with 'пред'.

Аз чакам ___ магазина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: пред
The context implies waiting in front of the shop.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Пред' (In front of)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз съм пред входа.
Correct preposition usage with the definite article.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Пред' (In front of)

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Той стои задът мен.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Той стои зад мен.
Remove the extra suffix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'Зад' (Behind)

Fill in the blank with 'до'.

Седя ___ теб.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: до
The preposition 'до' means next to.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'До' (Next to, By)

Choose the correct preposition.

Отивам ___ работа.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: на
Work is an institution.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preposition 'В' (In, Into)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, 'в' is for containers. Use 'на' for institutions.
It's for phonetic harmony before 'в' or 'ф'.
No, only for surfaces, destinations, and specific times.
Home is a special case in Bulgarian.
No, 'до' is a fixed preposition.
No, use 'за' for duration. 'До' is for limits.
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Asking Questions & Saying 'No'
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Possessive Power: Mine, Yours, Ours
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