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A1 noun 14 min read

der Motor

Examples
Explanation der Motor in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, your primary goal is to learn basic vocabulary for everyday objects, and 'der Motor' is a key noun in this category. You will learn that it means 'engine' or 'motor', and you must memorize that its gender is masculine, meaning it uses the article 'der'. In your A1 classes, you will likely encounter this word when learning vocabulary related to transportation, such as 'das Auto' (the car), 'der Bus' (the bus), or 'der Zug' (the train). You will practice simple sentences to describe the state of the engine, usually using basic adjectives. For example, you might learn to say 'Der Motor ist laut' (The engine is loud) or 'Der Motor ist kaputt' (The engine is broken). These are essential phrases if you need to explain a simple problem. You will also learn the plural form, 'die Motoren', though you will mostly use the singular form at this stage. The focus is purely on recognition, basic pronunciation (stressing the second syllable: mo-TOR), and using it in very simple, present-tense sentences with the verb 'sein' (to be) or 'haben' (to have), such as 'Das Auto hat einen Motor' (The car has an engine).
As you progress to the A2 level, your ability to use 'der Motor' expands from simple descriptions to functional communication. You are now expected to be able to describe problems more specifically and interact in practical situations, such as visiting a mechanic or renting a car. You will learn to use the word with a wider variety of verbs in different tenses, including the conversational past tense (Perfekt). For instance, instead of just saying the engine is broken, you might say 'Der Motor hat gestern ein komisches Geräusch gemacht' (The engine made a strange noise yesterday). You will also practice using the accusative and dative cases more fluidly. You will learn phrases like 'Ich muss den Motor überprüfen' (I need to check the engine) or 'Das Problem liegt im Motor' (The problem lies in the engine). At this level, you will also start encountering common compound words like 'der Elektromotor' and begin to understand short texts, such as simple car advertisements or basic instructions in a manual that mention the motor. Your vocabulary around the word will grow to include terms like 'starten' (to start), 'ausmachen' (to turn off), and 'reparieren' (to repair).
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At the B1 intermediate level, 'der Motor' becomes a tool for expressing opinions, discussing plans, and engaging in broader societal topics. You are no longer just talking about a broken car; you are discussing the pros and cons of different types of engines. You will use the word frequently in conversations about the environment and technology. For example, you will be able to debate whether a 'Verbrennungsmotor' (combustion engine) or an 'Elektromotor' (electric motor) is better for the environment: 'Ich denke, dass Elektromotoren umweltfreundlicher sind als Verbrennungsmotoren.' You will also learn to use the genitive case more confidently, allowing you to say things like 'Die Leistung des Motors ist sehr hoch' (The power of the engine is very high). Reading comprehension at this level involves understanding newspaper articles or blog posts about the automotive industry, where 'Motor' is a central keyword. You will also start to recognize and use the word in its metaphorical sense, such as describing a person as the 'Motor' of a project, meaning the driving force behind it. Your sentences will become more complex, using subordinate clauses to explain why an engine is important or how it functions.
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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you have a strong command of the language and can discuss 'der Motor' in technical, abstract, and professional contexts. You can read detailed automotive reviews, technical specifications, and economic reports without significant difficulty. Your vocabulary will expand to include specialized terms related to the engine, such as 'der Zylinder' (cylinder), 'der Hubraum' (displacement), and 'die Pferdestärken' (horsepower). You can confidently explain how an engine works or discuss the nuances of engine performance using precise terminology. For example: 'Trotz des geringen Hubraums liefert der Motor ein erstaunliches Drehmoment.' Furthermore, your grasp of metaphorical usage will be sophisticated. You will easily understand and use phrases like 'Die Bauindustrie ist der Motor der heimischen Wirtschaft' (The construction industry is the engine of the domestic economy) in essays, presentations, or formal debates. You will also be comfortable discussing the historical impact of the engine, perhaps talking about the industrial revolution or the invention of the diesel engine by Rudolf Diesel. Your grammar will be highly accurate, consistently using the correct cases and adjective endings even in complex, multi-clause sentences involving the word.
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At the C1 advanced level, your use of 'der Motor' is nearly indistinguishable from an educated native speaker. You can navigate highly complex, specialized texts, such as academic papers on mechanical engineering, detailed financial analyses of the automotive sector, or sophisticated political discourse regarding emissions regulations. You understand subtle nuances and regional variations in how the word and its related terminology are used. You can effortlessly employ idiomatic expressions and complex metaphors involving the word. For instance, in a business negotiation or an academic presentation, you might articulate a complex thought like: 'Um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, muss der Innovationsmotor unseres Unternehmens kontinuierlich mit neuen Investitionen angetrieben werden.' You can critique the engineering choices of different car manufacturers, discuss the geopolitical implications of transitioning away from internal combustion engines, and analyze the socio-economic impact of the automotive industry on German society. Your writing is structured, cohesive, and employs a wide range of vocabulary to avoid repetition, using synonyms like 'Antriebsaggregat' or 'Triebwerk' when appropriate to elevate your stylistic register.
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At the C2 mastery level, you possess a comprehensive, intuitive, and academic understanding of 'der Motor' in all its possible contexts. You can effortlessly read and analyze historical German texts detailing the invention of the Otto engine, understanding archaic or highly technical phrasing without a dictionary. You can engage in philosophical or literary discussions where the 'motor' is used as a profound metaphor for human drive, societal progress, or historical determinism. Your spoken and written German is characterized by exceptional fluency, precision, and stylistic elegance. You can play with the language, creating your own metaphors or using the word in creative, unconventional ways that demonstrate absolute mastery. You understand every idiom, slang term, and technical jargon associated with engines. Whether you are delivering a keynote speech at an engineering conference in Stuttgart, writing a doctoral thesis on the economic history of the Volkswagen Group, or having a nuanced debate about the future of global mobility, you use 'der Motor' and its extensive word family with absolute perfection, demonstrating a deep cultural and linguistic integration.
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Examples
The German word 'der Motor' is a foundational noun in the German language, translating directly to 'engine' or 'motor' in English. It is a masculine noun, meaning it uses the definite article 'der' in the nominative case. Understanding this word is absolutely crucial for anyone learning German, especially considering Germany's rich automotive history and engineering prowess. When people use this word, they are most commonly referring to the mechanical heart of a vehicle, such as a car, motorcycle, airplane, or boat. However, its usage extends far beyond just vehicles. It can refer to the motor in household appliances, industrial machinery, and even metaphorical engines, such as the driving force behind a movement or the economy. Let us delve deeper into the various contexts where you will encounter this essential vocabulary word.

Mein Auto ist kaputt, weil der Motor nicht mehr startet.

In everyday conversation, you will frequently hear this word when discussing transportation. If you are taking a taxi in Berlin or renting a car in Munich, knowing how to talk about the engine is very practical. For example, if you hear a strange noise coming from the front of your vehicle, you would tell the mechanic that there is a problem with the motor.
Mechanical Context
Used to describe the physical machine that converts power into motion, such as a combustion engine or an electric motor.
Beyond cars, the word is used in compound nouns that describe specific types of engines. For instance, an 'Elektromotor' is an electric motor, and a 'Verbrennungsmotor' is an internal combustion engine. With the current global shift towards sustainable energy and electric vehicles, the term 'Elektromotor' is becoming increasingly prevalent in German news, politics, and everyday discussions.

Der neue Tesla hat einen sehr leisen Motor.

Furthermore, the word is often used metaphorically. In business and economics, you might hear Germany described as the 'Motor der europäischen Wirtschaft', which translates to the engine of the European economy. This implies that Germany is the driving force that propels the rest of the economy forward.
Metaphorical Context
Used to describe a person, organization, or concept that drives progress, growth, or movement in a particular area.

Innovation ist der Motor unseres Erfolgs.

Another common usage is in sports, particularly motorsports like Formula 1, which is incredibly popular in Germany thanks to legends like Michael Schumacher and Sebastian Vettel. In this context, discussing the power, reliability, and performance of the motor is a constant topic of conversation among fans and commentators.
Sports Context
Refers to the engine of a racing vehicle, where specifications like horsepower and torque are heavily analyzed.

Der Rennwagen hat einen extrem leistungsstarken Motor.

It is also important to note the pronunciation. Unlike the English word 'motor', where the stress is typically on the first syllable, the German word 'Motor' places the stress on the second syllable: mo-TOR. This is a subtle but important difference that will make your German sound much more natural and authentic. Finally, when pluralized, the word becomes 'die Motoren', with the stress remaining on the 'to' syllable, but extending to 'mo-TO-ren'. You will see this plural form often in technical manuals, automotive magazines, and when discussing multiple vehicles.

Die Fabrik produziert jeden Tag tausende neue Motoren.

In summary, 'der Motor' is a versatile and indispensable word in the German language, bridging the gap between everyday mechanical necessities, advanced engineering, and powerful metaphors. Mastering its use will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in a wide range of situations in any German-speaking country.
Constructing sentences with the word 'der Motor' is an excellent way to practice German grammar, particularly noun gender, cases, and sentence structure. Because it is a masculine noun, its form changes depending on its role in the sentence. Let us explore how to use this word across the four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Understanding these variations is key to fluency.

Der Motor läuft sehr ruhig und leise.

In the nominative case, the word acts as the subject of the sentence. The article remains 'der'. For example, if you want to say 'The engine is loud', you would say 'Der Motor ist laut'. This is the simplest and most direct way to use the word. You are simply stating a fact about the engine itself.
Nominative Usage
Use 'der Motor' when the engine is performing the action or is the main subject being described.

Ich muss den Motor reparieren lassen.

Moving to the accusative case, the word becomes the direct object of the sentence. Here, the masculine article 'der' changes to 'den'. If you want to say 'I am starting the engine', you translate it to 'Ich starte den Motor'. This is a very common usage because humans frequently interact with engines—starting them, stopping them, repairing them, or buying them.
Accusative Usage
Use 'den Motor' when an action is being done directly to the engine by a subject.

Es gibt ein Problem mit dem Motor.

In the dative case, the word is used as an indirect object or after certain prepositions like 'mit' (with), 'von' (from), or 'in' (in, when describing location). The article changes to 'dem'. For example, 'I am driving with the new engine' translates to 'Ich fahre mit dem neuen Motor'. Another common phrase is 'Das Geräusch kommt aus dem Motor' (The noise is coming from the engine).
Dative Usage
Use 'dem Motor' to indicate the indirect object, or after specific dative prepositions.

Die Leistung des Motors ist beeindruckend.

Finally, the genitive case is used to show possession. The masculine article becomes 'des' and an 's' is added to the end of the noun, making it 'des Motors'. If you want to talk about 'the power of the engine', you would say 'die Leistung des Motors'. While the genitive is sometimes replaced by 'von dem Motor' in spoken German, it is highly recommended to learn and use the genitive for written German and formal speech.

Der Klang des Motors ist Musik in meinen Ohren.

When combining 'Motor' with adjectives, you must apply the correct adjective endings based on the case and article. For instance, 'the loud engine' is 'der laute Motor', but 'I hear the loud engine' is 'Ich höre den lauten Motor'. Practicing these variations will build a strong foundation for your German syntax and ensure you can discuss anything from a broken lawnmower to a high-speed sports car with absolute grammatical precision and confidence.
The word 'der Motor' is ubiquitous in German-speaking countries, and you will encounter it in a vast array of daily situations, professional environments, and media. Given the central role that the automotive industry plays in the economies of Germany and Austria, the cultural relevance of this word cannot be overstated. Brands like Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, and Porsche are not just companies; they are points of national pride, and discussions about their vehicles naturally involve talking about the engine.

In der Autowerkstatt wird der Motor gründlich überprüft.

One of the most common places you will hear this word is at the mechanic's shop, known as 'die Autowerkstatt'. If your car breaks down on the Autobahn, the legendary German highway system with sections that have no speed limit, you will inevitably need to communicate with a tow truck driver or a mechanic. Phrases like 'Der Motor ist überhitzt' (The engine is overheated) or 'Der Motor springt nicht an' (The engine will not start) are vital survival phrases for drivers.
At the Mechanic
Essential for describing vehicle malfunctions, requesting repairs, and understanding diagnostic reports from technicians.
You will also hear this word frequently in advertisements and reviews. German car commercials often focus heavily on engineering excellence, highlighting the performance, efficiency, and horsepower (Pferdestärken or PS) of the motor. Car magazines, such as 'Auto Bild' or 'auto motor und sport', feature extensive articles comparing different engines, discussing the transition from traditional combustion engines to modern electric powertrains.

Der Journalist testet den Motor auf der Rennstrecke.

In the realm of environmental discourse, 'der Motor' is a keyword. Discussions about climate change, emissions, and sustainability frequently center around the phase-out of the 'Verbrennungsmotor' (internal combustion engine) in favor of the 'Elektromotor' (electric motor). You will hear politicians debating these topics on television, read about them in newspapers like 'Der Spiegel' or 'Die Zeit', and hear citizens discussing them in cafes.
Environmental Debates
Central to discussions about reducing carbon footprints, government subsidies for electric vehicles, and future mobility.

Die Zukunft gehört dem elektrischen Motor.

Beyond transportation, the word is used in hardware stores (Baumarkt) when looking for power tools, lawnmowers, or generators. If a device requires power to spin or move, it has a motor. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, the metaphorical use is very common in business news. A booming industry might be called the 'Wirtschaftsmotor', and a highly motivated employee might be described as the 'Motor des Teams'.
Everyday Machinery
Used to describe the power source in household appliances like washing machines, blenders, and vacuum cleaners.

Der Mittelstand ist der Motor der deutschen Wirtschaft.

Ultimately, whether you are reading technical specifications, discussing the environment, dealing with a broken appliance, or analyzing economic trends, 'der Motor' is a word you will encounter constantly. Being attuned to its various contexts will greatly enrich your comprehension of German culture and daily life.
When learning the German word 'der Motor', English speakers frequently make a handful of specific mistakes. These errors usually stem from direct translations, incorrect assumptions about gender, or mispronunciation due to the similarity with the English word 'motor'. By identifying these common pitfalls early on, you can avoid them and speak German with much greater accuracy and confidence. Let us explore the most frequent mistakes and how to correct them.

Falsch: Das Motor ist laut. Richtig: Der Motor ist laut.

The single most common mistake is using the wrong definite article. Because 'motor' in English has no gender, learners often guess the gender in German. Many assume it should be neuter ('das Motor') because it is an inanimate machine part, or feminine ('die Motor') simply by mistake. However, it is strictly masculine: 'der Motor'. This mistake cascades into other grammatical errors, such as using the wrong adjective endings or incorrect pronouns. Always memorize the noun with its article.
Gender Error
Assuming the word is neuter because it is an object. Always remember that grammatical gender does not always align with logical gender.
Another frequent mistake relates to pronunciation. In English, the stress is on the first syllable (MO-tor). In German, the stress falls heavily on the second syllable (mo-TOR). When English speakers use the English stress pattern in German, it sounds very foreign and can sometimes cause momentary confusion for native listeners. Furthermore, the 'r' at the end of the German word is often vocalized or pronounced with a slight gargle in the back of the throat, unlike the hard American 'r'.

Achte auf die Betonung: mo-TOR, nicht MO-tor.

Pronunciation Error
Placing the emphasis on the first syllable instead of the second. Practice saying the word slowly to break the English habit.
A third common error occurs when forming the plural. English speakers naturally want to add an 's' to make 'Motors'. However, the correct German plural is 'die Motoren', adding an '-en' suffix. Saying 'die Motors' is grammatically incorrect and immediately identifies you as a beginner. It is crucial to learn the plural form alongside the singular form when acquiring new vocabulary.

Wir brauchen zwei neue Motoren für die Maschinen.

Pluralization Error
Adding an 's' instead of '-en'. Memorize 'der Motor, die Motoren' as a single unit of information.
Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'Motor' with 'Maschine'. While they can be synonymous in some contexts (like referring to an airplane engine as 'die Maschine'), 'Maschine' generally refers to the entire machine or apparatus, whereas 'Motor' refers specifically to the engine component that drives it. For example, a washing machine is 'die Waschmaschine', but the part inside that spins the drum is 'der Motor'. Using them interchangeably can lead to imprecise communication.

Die Maschine funktioniert nicht, weil der Motor defekt ist.

By paying close attention to the masculine gender, the stress on the second syllable, the correct '-en' plural, and the specific mechanical meaning, you can easily avoid these common mistakes and use 'der Motor' like a native German speaker.
While 'der Motor' is the most direct and common translation for 'engine' or 'motor', the German language offers several similar words, alternatives, and compound nouns that provide more specificity or nuance depending on the context. Expanding your vocabulary to include these related terms will allow you to communicate much more precisely, especially in technical, automotive, or industrial settings. Let us examine some of the most important alternatives and related concepts.

Das Flugzeug hat eine sehr starke Maschine.

A very common alternative is 'die Maschine'. As mentioned previously, while 'Motor' refers specifically to the power-generating component, 'Maschine' can refer to the entire mechanical device. However, in certain contexts, particularly aviation and sometimes motorcycles, 'Maschine' is used colloquially to mean the engine or the vehicle itself. For example, a pilot might refer to the aircraft's engines as 'die Maschinen'.
Die Maschine
Broader term for machine, but often used colloquially for engines in airplanes or motorcycles.
Another crucial set of words involves compound nouns built around 'Motor'. The most prominent today are 'der Elektromotor' and 'der Verbrennungsmotor'. 'Der Elektromotor' translates to electric motor, which is the heart of modern electric vehicles (EVs) and many appliances. 'Der Verbrennungsmotor' translates to internal combustion engine, the traditional engine powered by gasoline or diesel. Understanding the distinction between these two is vital for any conversation about modern transportation or environmental policy.

Ein Verbrennungsmotor benötigt Benzin oder Diesel.

Compound Nouns
Combine 'Motor' with descriptive prefixes to specify the type of engine, such as Dieselmotor or Benzinmotor.
If you are discussing the power output of an engine, you will often use the word 'der Antrieb', which translates to 'drive' or 'propulsion'. While the motor generates the power, the 'Antrieb' is the entire system that moves the vehicle. For example, 'Allradantrieb' means all-wheel drive. You might say, 'Der Motor ist stark, aber der Antrieb ist defekt' (The engine is strong, but the drive system is broken).

Das Schiff hat einen modernen Antrieb.

Der Antrieb
Focuses on the propulsion system as a whole, rather than just the power-generating unit.
For very small engines, such as those found in toys, watches, or small electronics, Germans sometimes use the diminutive form 'das Motörchen' (the little motor). This is a cute, colloquial way to describe a tiny mechanical part. Additionally, in highly technical engineering contexts, you might encounter the word 'das Triebwerk', which is usually reserved for massive engines like jet engines on commercial airliners or rocket engines on spacecraft.

Das Triebwerk des Flugzeugs ist enorm laut.

By familiarizing yourself with 'Maschine', 'Antrieb', 'Triebwerk', and the various compound nouns, you can navigate German mechanical and automotive discussions with the precision of a native speaker, ensuring you always use the exact right word for the specific type of engine or system you are describing.
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Examples by Level

1

Das ist ein Motor.

This is an engine.

Nominative case, basic identification.

2

Der Motor ist sehr laut.

The engine is very loud.

Nominative case with an adjective.

3

Mein Auto hat einen Motor.

My car has an engine.

Accusative case after the verb 'haben'.

4

Der Motor ist kaputt.

The engine is broken.

Nominative case, describing a state.

5

Ich sehe den Motor.

I see the engine.

Accusative case after the verb 'sehen'.

6

Der Motor ist neu.

The engine is new.

Nominative case, simple description.

7

Wo ist der Motor?

Where is the engine?

Question word 'wo' with nominative subject.

8

Der Motor ist groß.

The engine is big.

Nominative case with an adjective.

1

Ich muss den Motor starten.

I have to start the engine.

Accusative case with modal verb 'müssen'.

2

Der Motor macht ein komisches Geräusch.

The engine is making a strange noise.

Nominative subject performing an action.

3

Wir brauchen einen neuen Motor.

We need a new engine.

Accusative case with an adjective ending.

4

Der Mechaniker repariert den Motor.

The mechanic is repairing the engine.

Accusative direct object.

5

Das Problem liegt im Motor.

The problem is in the engine.

Dative case after the preposition 'in' (in dem = im).

6

Bitte schalten Sie den Motor aus.

Please turn off the engine.

Imperative sentence with accusative object.

7

Der Motor ist zu heiß geworden.

The engine got too hot.

Perfekt tense with the verb 'werden'.

8

Ich kaufe ein Auto mit einem starken Motor.

I am buying a car with a strong engine.

Dative case after the preposition 'mit'.

1

Elektromotoren sind besser für die Umwelt als Verbrennungsmotoren.

Electric motors are better for the environment than combustion engines.

Plural form 'Motoren' used in a comparative sentence.

2

Die Leistung dieses Motors ist wirklich beeindruckend.

The performance of this engine is truly impressive.

Genitive case 'dieses Motors' to show possession.

3

Wenn der Motor kalt ist, sollte man nicht so schnell fahren.

When the engine is cold, one should not drive so fast.

Subordinate clause starting with 'wenn'.

4

Er hat den Motor selbst ausgebaut und repariert.

He removed and repaired the engine himself.

Perfekt tense with a separable prefix verb (ausbauen).

5

Der Tourismus ist ein wichtiger Motor für unsere Region.

Tourism is an important engine for our region.

Metaphorical use of the word in the nominative case.

6

Ich frage mich, wie viel Benzin dieser Motor verbraucht.

I wonder how much gas this engine consumes.

Indirect question with 'wie viel'.

7

Obwohl der Motor klein ist, hat das Auto viel Kraft.

Although the engine is small, the car has a lot of power.

Concessive clause starting with 'obwohl'.

8

Die Entwicklung neuer Motoren kostet viel Geld.

The development of new engines costs a lot of money.

Genitive plural 'neuer Motoren'.

1

Die Automobilindustrie investiert massiv in die Entwicklung emissionsfreier Motoren.

The automotive industry is investing heavily in the development of emission-free engines.

Genitive plural with an adjective ending.

2

Ein gut gewarteter Motor hat eine wesentlich längere Lebensdauer.

A well-maintained engine has a significantly longer lifespan.

Participle used as an adjective (gewarteter).

3

Der Mittelstand gilt oft als der Motor der deutschen Wirtschaft.

Medium-sized enterprises are often considered the engine of the German economy.

Metaphorical use with 'gelten als'.

4

Trotz des hohen Kilometerstands läuft der Motor noch einwandfrei.

Despite the high mileage, the engine still runs flawlessly.

Preposition 'trotz' taking the genitive case.

5

Die Ingenieure haben den Wirkungsgrad des Motors deutlich verbessert.

The engineers have significantly improved the efficiency of the engine.

Genitive singular 'des Motors'.

6

Es ist unabdingbar, dass der Motor regelmäßig mit frischem Öl versorgt wird.

It is indispensable that the engine is regularly supplied with fresh oil.

Passive voice in a 'dass' clause.

7

Der Ausfall des Motors führte zu einer mehrstündigen Verspätung des Zuges.

The failure of the engine led to a multi-hour delay of the train.

Noun phrase with genitive 'Ausfall des Motors'.

8

Moderne Motoren sind komplexe Systeme, die von Computern gesteuert werden.

Modern engines are complex systems that are controlled by computers.

Relative clause with passive voice.

1

Der stetige technologische Fortschritt fungiert als Motor gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen.

Continuous technological progress acts as the engine of societal changes.

Metaphorical use with 'fungieren als' and genitive plural.

2

Die Umstellung auf alternative Antriebe bedeutet das allmähliche Ende des klassischen Verbrennungsmotors.

The transition to alternative drives means the gradual end of the classic internal combustion engine.

Complex noun phrase with genitive singular.

3

In der Fachliteratur wird die Thermodynamik dieses Motors ausführlich diskutiert.

In the specialized literature, the thermodynamics of this engine are discussed in detail.

Passive voice in a formal academic context.

4

Die reibungslose Kooperation aller Abteilungen ist der Motor für den Unternehmenserfolg.

The smooth cooperation of all departments is the engine for the company's success.

Abstract metaphorical use in a business context.

5

Eine Fehlfunktion im Steuerungssystem des Motors kann katastrophale Folgen nach sich ziehen.

A malfunction in the engine's control system can entail catastrophic consequences.

Nested genitive and dative structures ('im Steuerungssystem des Motors').

6

Der Konstrukteur hat die Spezifikationen des Motors an die neuen Emissionsrichtlinien angepasst.

The designer adapted the engine's specifications to the new emission guidelines.

Verb 'anpassen an' with accusative object.

7

Die Innovationskraft der Start-ups erweist sich zunehmend als Motor der Digitalisierung.

The innovative power of start-ups is increasingly proving to be the engine of digitalization.

Reflexive verb 'sich erweisen als' with metaphorical use.

8

Trotz massiver Subventionen stottert der Konjunkturmotor weiterhin bedenklich.

Despite massive subsidies, the economic engine continues to sputter alarmingly.

Compound metaphor 'Konjunkturmotor' with vivid verb 'stottern'.

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