Causative 'Tham-hai'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'tham-hai' (ເຮັດໃຫ້) to express that someone or something causes an action or a change in state.
- Use 'tham-hai' + [person/thing] + [verb/adjective] to show causation.
- It functions like 'make' or 'let' in English.
- The structure is Subject + tham-hai + Object + Verb/Adjective.
Meanings
The causative construction 'tham-hai' is used to indicate that an agent forces, allows, or causes an object to perform an action or enter a state.
Forced Causation
Compelling someone to do something.
“ແມ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ລູກກິນເຂົ້າ.”
“ຄູເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຮຽນໜັກ.”
Resultative State
Causing an object to become a certain way.
“ຝົນເຮັດໃຫ້ດິນປຽກ.”
“ສຽງດັງເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍນອນບໍ່ຫຼັບ.”
Tham-hai Structure
| Subject | Causative | Object | Result/Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| ລາວ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ຂ້ອຍ | ຫົວ |
| ຝົນ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ດິນ | ປຽກ |
| ສຽງ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ລາວ | ຕື່ນ |
| ເຈົ້າ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ຂ້ອຍ | ດີໃຈ |
| ການຮຽນ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ເຮົາ | ສະຫຼາດ |
| ລາວ | ເຮັດໃຫ້ | ວຽກ | ສຳເລັດ |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | S + tham-hai + O + V | ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ |
| Negative | S + bo + tham-hai + O + V | ລາວບໍ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ |
| Interrogative | S + tham-hai + O + V + bo? | ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ເຈົ້າຫົວບໍ່? |
| Past | S + dai + tham-hai + O + V | ລາວໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ |
| Future | S + ja + tham-hai + O + V | ລາວຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ |
| Passive-like | O + thuk + tham-hai + V | ຂ້ອຍຖືກເຮັດໃຫ້ຫົວ |
Spectre de formalité
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າເຮັດວຽກ. (Workplace)
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຮັດວຽກ. (Workplace)
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຮັດວຽກ. (Workplace)
ລາວໃຊ້ຂ້ອຍເຮັດວຽກ. (Workplace)
Tham-hai Logic
People
- ຂ້ອຍ me
- ລາວ him/her
States
- ປຽກ wet
- ດີໃຈ happy
Examples by Level
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ.
He makes me laugh.
ເຈົ້າເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍດີໃຈ.
You make me happy.
ຢ່າເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໂກດ.
Don't make me angry.
ເພງນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍມ່ວນ.
This song makes me enjoy.
ຝົນເຮັດໃຫ້ດິນປຽກ.
The rain makes the ground wet.
ສຽງດັງເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຕື່ນ.
The loud noise makes me wake up.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ວຽກສຳເລັດ.
He makes the work finished.
ອາຫານນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫິວ.
This food makes me hungry.
ການອອກກຳລັງກາຍເຮັດໃຫ້ສຸຂະພາບດີ.
Exercising makes health good.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຂົ້າໃຈບົດຮຽນ.
He makes me understand the lesson.
ເຫດການນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ລາວປ່ຽນໃຈ.
This event makes him change his mind.
ເຈົ້າເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍລຳບາກໃຈ.
You make me feel troubled.
ນະໂຍບາຍໃໝ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ເສດຖະກິດເຕີບໂຕ.
The new policy makes the economy grow.
ຄວາມຜິດພາດເຮັດໃຫ້ລາວຮຽນຮູ້.
The mistake makes him learn.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ທຸກຄົນເຊື່ອຖື.
He makes everyone believe.
ການປ່ຽນແປງເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດໂອກາດ.
Change makes opportunities arise.
ການກະທຳຂອງລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມຂັດແຍ່ງ.
His actions cause conflict.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ສະຖານະການດີຂຶ້ນ.
He makes the situation better.
ຄວາມພະຍາຍາມເຮັດໃຫ້ຄວາມຝັນເປັນຈິງ.
Effort makes dreams come true.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຕ້ອງຄິດຄືນ.
He makes me have to rethink.
ການຕັດສິນໃຈນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຜົນກະທົບໄລຍະຍາວ.
This decision causes long-term effects.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ສັງຄົມມີຄວາມຫວັງ.
He makes society have hope.
ການສຶກສາເຮັດໃຫ້ມະນຸດມີປັນຍາ.
Education makes humans have wisdom.
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍປະທັບໃຈຢ່າງຍິ່ງ.
He makes me extremely impressed.
Easily Confused
Hai is for giving, Tham-hai is for causing.
Erreurs courantes
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຫົວ
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຫົວ
ຝົນເຮັດໃຫ້ປຽກ
ຝົນເຮັດໃຫ້ດິນປຽກ
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໄປ
ລາວບັງຄັບໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໄປ
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ເຮັດວຽກ
ລາວເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຮັດວຽກ
Sentence Patterns
___ ເຮັດໃຫ້ ___ ___.
Real World Usage
ຮູບນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຄິດຮອດບ້ານ.
Object placement
Smart Tips
Use tham-hai + object + emotion.
Prononciation
Tone
Ensure 'tham' has a mid tone and 'hai' has a high tone.
Statement
Subject + tham-hai + Object + Verb ↘
Neutral declaration
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Tham-hai is like a 'Bridge of Change'. It connects the Cause to the Effect.
Visual Association
Imagine a person pushing a domino (the cause) which hits another domino (the object) causing it to fall (the result).
Rhyme
Tham-hai makes it happen, it's the causative action, put the object in the middle, for a perfect reaction.
Story
Yesterday, the rain (cause) made the ground (object) wet (result). My friend (cause) made me (object) laugh (result). I love using 'tham-hai' to connect my world.
Word Web
Défi
Write 5 sentences using 'tham-hai' about things that happened to you today.
Notes culturelles
In Lao culture, using 'tham-hai' to describe someone's actions is common but can be direct. Use polite particles.
Derived from the verb 'tham' (to do) and 'hai' (to give).
Conversation Starters
ອັນໃດເຮັດໃຫ້ເຈົ້າມີຄວາມສຸກ?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
ລາວ ___ ຂ້ອຍຫົວ.
Score: /1
Exercices pratiques
1 exercisesລາວ ___ ຂ້ອຍຫົວ.
Score: /1
FAQ (1)
Mostly, yes, but use specific verbs for force.
In Other Languages
hacer + infinitive
Spanish conjugates 'hacer'.
faire + infinitive
French word order is slightly different.
lassen / machen
German has two distinct verbs.
causative suffix -saseru
Lao uses a separate word.
ja'ala
Arabic has complex root systems.
shi
Chinese 'shi' is more formal.
