严实 describes a state of being tightly sealed, securely fastened, or reliably solid, preventing any leakage or penetration.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Describes physical tightness, security, or solidity.
- Can refer to solid, reliable plans, defense, or secrets.
- Often used for closed doors, windows, or secure packaging.
Overview
“严实”是一个形容词,主要用来描述事物在结构上非常紧密、没有空隙,或者在状态上非常稳固、牢靠。它的核心含义是“不透”、“不漏”、“不松散”,强调一种彻底的、没有漏洞的紧密或稳固状态。这种紧密可以是物理上的,如门窗、包裹;也可以是抽象的,如计划、防守、保密工作。
“严实”在句中通常有以下几种用法:
**作谓语**:直接作句子的谓语,表示主语具有严实的特性。例如:“这扇窗户很严实”、“他的计划非常严实”。
无论哪种用法,“严实”都传达了“没有漏洞”、“非常紧密”、“稳固可靠”的含义。
“严实”的应用场景非常广泛:
- 物理封闭:常用于描述门、窗、盖子等关闭得很紧,不透风、不漏水。例如:“冬天窗户一定要关严实,不然会很冷。”
- 物品包裹:形容包裹物品非常牢固、紧密,防止散落或受损。例如:“把易碎品用泡沫包得严严实实。”
- 衣物穿着:指穿着的衣物非常厚实、紧密,能够很好地保暖。例如:“天气冷,你穿得严实一点。”
- 计划与防守:用于形容计划周密、没有漏洞,或者防守坚固、难以突破。例如:“他们的防守非常严实,很难找到突破口。”
- 保密工作:指保密措施做得非常到位,信息不会泄露。例如:“这份资料很重要,保密工作一定要做严实。”
与“严实”意义相近的词语有:
- 紧密 (jǐnmì):多指事物之间联系紧密、没有空隙,或关系密切。它强调的是“近”和“无缝”,但不如“严实”那样强调“不透”或“牢固”。例如:队伍紧密、合作紧密。
- 牢固 (láogù):强调结构坚固、不易动摇或损坏。它侧重于“结实”和“稳定”,而“严实”则更侧重于“封闭”和“无缝”。例如:基础牢固、关系牢固。
- 结实 (jiēshi):指身体强健或物品坚固、耐用。它与“牢固”类似,更偏向于“坚固耐用”的物理属性。例如:身体结实、桌子结实。
- 密封 (mìfēng):特指用某种方式将容器或空间完全封闭起来,以防止气体、液体或灰尘进出。它是“严实”在特定语境下的具体表现,但“严实”的适用范围更广,不限于“封”。
总的来说,“严实”比这些词更强调一种彻底的、无缝的、稳固的封闭或坚实状态,既可以指物理上的紧密,也可以指抽象概念上的周密和可靠。
Examples
冬天,为了不让冷风进来,我们把所有的窗户都关得严严实实。
everydayIn winter, to prevent cold wind from coming in, we closed all the windows very tightly.
这项国家级机密文件的保管工作必须做得严实,绝不能有任何疏漏。
formalThe safekeeping of this national classified document must be done very securely, with absolutely no omissions.
外面下大雨,你穿件雨衣,再把帽子戴严实点,别淋湿了。
informalIt's raining heavily outside, put on a raincoat and wear your hat tightly, don't get wet.
科学家们正在研究如何开发出更严实的材料,以实现极端环境下的密封要求。
academicScientists are researching how to develop more secure materials to meet sealing requirements in extreme environments.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
包得严严实实
wrapped very tightly
防守严实
tight defense
关得严实
closed securely
Often Confused With
"紧" generally means tight or urgent. While "严实" implies tightness that prevents leakage or ensures security, "紧" can simply mean close-fitting, taut, or short on time. "严实" often suggests a more thorough or complete state of tightness, emphasizing the absence of gaps or vulnerabilities.
"牢固" means firm, secure, or sturdy, emphasizing stability and resistance to breaking. "严实" focuses more on the absence of gaps or openings, or the thoroughness of closure, though both can imply security. "牢固" is about structural integrity and durability, while "严实" is more about sealing, completeness, and preventing penetration.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
“严实” is typically used as a resultative complement after a verb (e.g., 关得严实 - close tightly) or as an adjective before a noun (e.g., 严实的防守 - tight defense). It can describe both physical objects (like doors or packages) and abstract concepts (like plans or secrets). It generally carries a positive or neutral connotation, implying a desired state of tightness or security, and is suitable for most registers.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is confusing "严实" with "紧" when the nuance of sealing or thoroughness is required. While "紧" implies tightness, "严实" specifically denotes being tightly sealed or securely solid without gaps. Another error is using it for simple physical tension when "紧" would be more appropriate, or for abstract concepts like 'tight schedule' where '紧凑' (jǐncòu) or '紧张' (jǐnzhāng) would be better.
Tips
Focus on Completeness
Remember that '严实' implies a thorough and complete state of tightness or security, leaving no gaps or vulnerabilities. It's more than just 'tight'; it's 'tightly sealed' or 'solidly secure'.
Not for Simple Tension
Avoid using '严实' for simple physical tension or tightness where '紧' (jǐn) would be more appropriate, such as 'tight clothes' (衣服很紧) or 'tight rope' (绳子很紧). '严实' suggests a sealed or impenetrable quality.
Value of Meticulousness
The concept of '严实' reflects a cultural appreciation for thoroughness and meticulousness, whether in practical matters like sealing food or in strategic planning, emphasizing the importance of preventing any flaws or leaks.
Word Origin
The word "严实" is composed of two characters: "严 (yán)" meaning strict, tight, or severe, and "实 (shí)" meaning real, solid, or substantial. Combined, "严实" conveys the idea of being strictly or thoroughly solid/tight, emphasizing completeness, lack of looseness, or absence of gaps, leading to a state of security or reliability.
Cultural Context
In Chinese culture, the concept of "严实" often relates to meticulousness and thoroughness, whether in practical matters like preparing food (e.g., tightly wrapped dumplings to prevent leakage) or in strategic planning and security. It reflects a value placed on reliability, preventing potential problems, and ensuring things are done properly and without flaws. This attention to detail can be seen in various aspects of daily life and work.
Memory Tip
Imagine a 'Yan' (严, strict) guard making sure everything is 'Shi' (实, solid) and secure. Think of a strict guard ensuring no gaps or leaks in security, making everything very tight and reliable.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions严实强调的是没有缝隙、不透风、不漏水,或者非常牢固,通常带有“密封”或“稳固”的意味,更侧重于彻底的、无漏洞的紧密状态。“紧”则更侧重于空间小、不宽松,可以是物理上的紧绷,也可以是时间上的紧迫,其含义比严实更宽泛。
严实可以用来形容物理上的紧密,如门窗关得严实、包裹得严实,表示没有缝隙或非常牢固;也可以形容抽象概念,如计划周密严实、防守严实、保密工作严实,表示没有漏洞、非常可靠。
严实最常作为补语修饰动词,如“关得严实”、“包得严实”,表示动作的结果。此外,它也可以作为定语修饰名词,如“严实的防守”,或作为谓语形容主语,如“这扇窗户很严实”。
严实通常是中性偏褒义的词语。它表示达到了一种理想的、令人满意的紧密或稳固状态,例如“防守严实”、“计划严实”都带有正面的评价,表示做得好、很可靠。
Test Yourself
冬天,为了保暖,妈妈把所有的窗户都关得______。
A选项“严实”表示关得非常紧密,不透风,符合语境中保暖的需求。B选项“紧”虽然也有紧密的意思,但不如“严实”强调无缝隙。C和D选项“牢固”和“结实”强调坚固不易损坏,不符合“关窗”的语境。
选择正确的句子:
B选项“这个计划非常严实,没有任何漏洞”是正确的用法,“严实”形容计划周密、没有破绽。A选项“衣服穿得严实”通常指保暖,与“时尚”无关;C选项“握手”用“紧”更合适,严实不用于形容握手的力度;D选项“书的内容严实”不符合“严实”的含义,内容应是“严谨”或“充实”。
请用“包裹 / 得 / 严实 / 快递员 / 把”造句。
C选项“快递员把包裹包得严实”是正确的句子结构。动词“包”与“严实”构成“动词+得+补语”结构,表示包裹的结果是严实的。A、B、D选项的语序和搭配都是错误的。
Score: /3
Summary
严实 describes a state of being tightly sealed, securely fastened, or reliably solid, preventing any leakage or penetration.
- Describes physical tightness, security, or solidity.
- Can refer to solid, reliable plans, defense, or secrets.
- Often used for closed doors, windows, or secure packaging.
Focus on Completeness
Remember that '严实' implies a thorough and complete state of tightness or security, leaving no gaps or vulnerabilities. It's more than just 'tight'; it's 'tightly sealed' or 'solidly secure'.
Not for Simple Tension
Avoid using '严实' for simple physical tension or tightness where '紧' (jǐn) would be more appropriate, such as 'tight clothes' (衣服很紧) or 'tight rope' (绳子很紧). '严实' suggests a sealed or impenetrable quality.
Value of Meticulousness
The concept of '严实' reflects a cultural appreciation for thoroughness and meticulousness, whether in practical matters like sealing food or in strategic planning, emphasizing the importance of preventing any flaws or leaks.
Examples
4 of 4冬天,为了不让冷风进来,我们把所有的窗户都关得严严实实。
In winter, to prevent cold wind from coming in, we closed all the windows very tightly.
这项国家级机密文件的保管工作必须做得严实,绝不能有任何疏漏。
The safekeeping of this national classified document must be done very securely, with absolutely no omissions.
外面下大雨,你穿件雨衣,再把帽子戴严实点,别淋湿了。
It's raining heavily outside, put on a raincoat and wear your hat tightly, don't get wet.
科学家们正在研究如何开发出更严实的材料,以实现极端环境下的密封要求。
Scientists are researching how to develop more secure materials to meet sealing requirements in extreme environments.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
大约
B1Used to show that a number or amount is not exact; approximately.
上边
A2above, on top
上面
A1on, above, over