Irregular ㅎ Verbs: Colors & 'Like that' (파랗다, 그렇다)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When a verb ends in ㅎ, the ㅎ disappears and the vowel changes when meeting a vowel-starting ending.
- Drop the ㅎ before vowel-starting endings like -아/어.
- Change the stem vowel 'ㅏ' or 'ㅓ' to 'ㅐ' or 'ㅔ'.
- If the ending starts with a consonant, the ㅎ remains.
Overview
The ㅎ irregular (히읗 불규칙 동사) rule governs a specific set of Korean descriptive verbs, primarily those denoting colors and a few essential verbs expressing state or manner (e.g., 'to be like this/that/how'). While most Korean verbs ending in ㅎ conjugate regularly, these particular verbs undergo a unique transformation when followed by a vowel-initial ending or the noun-modifying -(으)ㄴ. This irregularity significantly impacts pronunciation and spelling, making their correct usage crucial for sounding natural and fluent.
Understanding this rule helps you accurately describe colors and express nuanced assessments in everyday Korean.
Conjugation Table
| Base Form | Meaning | Informal Polite (-아요/어요) | Noun Modifier (-(으)ㄴ) | Formal Polite (-습니다/ㅂ니다) | Connective (-고) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :------------- | :--------------- | :------------------------ | :------------------------- | :----------------------------- | :------------------ | ||
파랗다 (parata) |
To be blue | 파래요 (paraeyo) |
파란 (paran) |
파랗습니다 (parasseumnida) |
파랗고 (parako) |
||
하얗다 (hayata) |
To be white | 하얘요 (haeyaeyo) |
하얀 (hayan) |
하얗습니다 (hayasseumnida) |
하얗고 (hayako) |
||
빨갛다 (ppalgata) |
To be red | 빨개요 (ppalgaeyo) |
빨간 (ppalgan) |
빨갛습니다 (ppalgasseumnida) |
빨갛고 (ppalgako) |
||
노랗다 (norata) |
To be yellow | 노래요 (noraeyo) |
노란 (noran) |
노랗습니다 (norasseumnida) |
노랗고 (norako) |
||
까맣다 (kkamata) |
To be black | 까매요 (kkamaeyo) |
까만 (kkaman) |
까맣습니다 (kkamasseumnida) |
까맣고 (kkamako) |
||
이렇다 (irota) |
To be like this | 이래요 (iraeyo) |
이런 (iron) |
이렇습니다 (irosseumnida) |
이렇고 (iroko) |
||
그렇다 (geureota) |
To be like that | 그래요 (geuraeyo) |
그런 (geureon) |
그렇습니다 (geureosseumnida) |
그렇고 (geureoko) |
||
어떻다 (eotteota) |
To be how/what | 어때요 (eottaeyo) |
어떤 (eotteon) |
어떻습니다 (eotteosseumnida) |
어떻고 (eotteoko) |
||
저렇다 (jeoreota) |
To be like that (over there) | 저래요 (jeoraeyo) |
저런 (jeoreon) |
저렇습니다 (jeoreosseumnida) |
저렇고 (jeoreoko) |
How This Grammar Works
ㅎ irregular rule is a phonological phenomenon primarily driven by elision (the dropping of a sound) and vowel harmony. In Korean, ㅎ is a voiceless glottal fricative, a relatively 'weak' sound. When this weak ㅎ comes into contact with a vowel sound (which is stronger and requires more vocal effort) or certain liquids/nasals, it tends to disappear.ㅏ or ㅓ changing to ㅐ or ㅒ.ㅏㅎ다 or ㅓㅎ다. It does not apply to action verbs ending in ㅎ (e.g., 놓다 – to put, 쌓다 – to stack) or even other descriptive verbs ending in ㅎ that are considered regular (most notably, 좋다 – to be good). The distinction is crucial for correct application.파랗다 (to be blue). When you add the informal polite ending -어요, a vowel-initial ending, the ㅎ drops. The preceding vowel ㅏ then merges or harmonizes with the ㅓ from -어요, resulting in ㅐ.파랗다 + -어요 becomes 파랗 + 어요 → 파라 + 어요 → 파래요. This pattern consistently applies to all ㅎ irregulars when followed by vowel-initial endings.Formation Pattern
ㅎ irregular pattern systematically changes the verb stem based on the following ending. The core idea is that the ㅎ typically disappears, and the preceding vowel often undergoes a transformation.
-아/어요, -았/었어요, -(으)면, -(으)니까, etc.):
다 from the base form to get the verb stem (e.g., 파랗다 → 파랗).
ㅎ from the stem (e.g., 파랗 → 파라).
ㅎ was ㅏ (e.g., 파랗다, 빨갛다), it changes to ㅐ (애). Then, you attach 요 for the informal polite form.
파랗다 → 파라 + 아 (from -아요) → 파래 → 파래요 (It's blue).
빨갛다 → 빨가 + 아 (from -아요) → 빨개 → 빨개요 (It's red).
ㅎ was ㅑ (e.g., 하얗다), it changes to ㅒ (얘). Then, you attach 요.
하얗다 → 하야 + 아 (from -아요) → 하얘 → 하얘요 (It's white).
ㅎ was ㅓ (e.g., 그렇다, 어떻다, 이렇다, 저렇다), it changes to ㅐ (애). Then, you attach 요.
그렇다 → 그러 + 어 (from -어요) → 그래 → 그래요 (That's right).
어떻다 → 어떠 + 어 (from -어요) → 어때 → 어때요 (How is it?).
-(으)ㄴ):
다 from the base form (e.g., 파랗다 → 파랗).
ㅎ from the stem (e.g., 파랗 → 파라).
ㄴ directly to the modified stem.
파랗다 → 파라 + ㄴ → 파란 (blue, as in 파란 하늘 – blue sky).
노랗다 → 노라 + ㄴ → 노란 (yellow, as in 노란 꽃 – yellow flower).
그렇다 → 그러 + ㄴ → 그런 (such, as in 그런 사람 – such a person).
-고, -지만, -는데, -게, -(으)ㅂ시다, etc.):
ㅎ does NOT drop, and no vowel change occurs. These verbs behave regularly in these contexts.
파랗다 + -고 → 파랗고 (It's blue and...)
그렇다 + -지만 → 그렇지만 (However...)
어떻다 + -게 → 어떻게 (How...)
-습니다/ㅂ니다):
ㅎ does NOT drop, and no vowel change occurs. These verbs behave regularly in the formal polite style.
파랗다 → 파랗습니다 (It is blue – formal).
그렇다 → 그렇습니다 (That is so – formal).
When To Use It
- Describing Colors: This is the most common application. Whenever you want to specify the color of an object, natural phenomenon, or concept, you will use the
ㅎirregular color verbs. Whether in informal conversation or formal writing, the conjugated forms are essential. 하얀 눈이 내리고 있어요.(White snow is falling.)저 배우는 빨간 드레스가 잘 어울려요.(That actress looks good in a red dress.)파란 하늘을 보고 있으면 기분이 좋아요.(I feel good when I look at the blue sky.)
- Expressing State or Manner (Like This/That/How): The verbs
이렇다(to be like this),그렇다(to be like that),어떻다(to be how), and저렇다(to be like that over there) are fundamental for making comparisons, asking about conditions, or agreeing/disagreeing. 네 말이 그래요.(What you said is right/like that.) – from그렇다날씨가 어때요?(How's the weather?) – from어떻다제 생각은 이래요.(My thought is like this/this is what I think.) – from이렇다
- Forming Questions and Confirmations:
어때요?is one of the most frequently used questions in Korean, asking 'How is it?' or 'What do you think?'.그래요?is used to express surprise or to confirm information. 이 음식 맛 어때요?(How does this food taste?)벌써 시험 끝났어요? 그래요?(The exam is already over? Really? / Is that so?)
- Connecting Clauses (Reason/Condition): When using
-(으)니까(because/since) or-(으)면(if/when) withㅎirregulars, theㅎdrops. 날씨가 추우니까 빨간 코트를 입었어요.(Since the weather is cold, I wore a red coat.) – Note:춥다is aㅂirregular, notㅎ.그렇다면, 다시 생각해 봐야겠어요.(If that's the case, I should think about it again.) – from그렇다+-(으)면.
When Not To Use It
ㅎ irregular rule to avoid common mistakes and sound unnatural.- Regular
ㅎVerbs (Especially좋다): The most common mistake learners make is applying the rule to좋다(to be good).좋다is a regular descriptive verb, meaning itsㅎdoes not drop or cause a vowel change when followed by a vowel-initial ending. Its pronunciation simplifies (theㅎbecomes silent or merges), but its spelling remains consistent. - Incorrect:
좨요(jwaeyo) -> Correct:좋아요(joayo) - Incorrect:
존(jon) -> Correct:좋은(joeun)
- Action Verbs Ending in
ㅎ: Verbs like놓다(to put, to place) or쌓다(to stack, to pile up) are action verbs (동사). Theㅎirregular rule is strictly for descriptive verbs. - Incorrect:
노아요(noayo) -> Correct:놓아요(noayo) - Incorrect:
싸아요(ssaayo) -> Correct:쌓아요(ssahayo)
- Before Consonant-Initial Endings: As noted in the formation pattern, if the ending begins with a consonant (e.g.,
-고,-지만,-는데), theㅎdoes not drop, and no vowel change occurs. The verb conjugates regularly. 파랗고 예쁜 꽃.(A blue and pretty flower.) – Not파래고.그렇지만 괜찮아요.(However, it's okay.) – Not그래지만.
- In Formal Polite Style (
-습니다/ㅂ니다): In the highly formal합니다체(habnida-che) style, theㅎalso remains intact, and the verb conjugates regularly. This is a significant exception to theㅎdropping rule. 하늘이 파랗습니다.(The sky is blue – formal.) – Not파랍니다.그것은 정말 그렇습니다.(That is really so – formal.) – Not그럽니다.
Common Mistakes
ㅎ irregular verbs.- Misapplying to
좋다: This is the most frequent error. Learners often mistakenly conjugate좋다(to be good) like anㅎirregular because it ends inㅎ. Remember좋다is regular. Theㅎmerges phonetically but doesn't drop orthographically (in writing) when followed by a vowel, and the preceding vowelㅗdoes not change. - Mistake:
날씨가 좨요.(Nalssiga jwaeyo.) - Correction:
날씨가 좋아요.(Nalssiga joayo.) (The weather is good.)
- Over-dropping
ㅎ: Forgetting thatㅎonly drops before vowel-initial endings orㄴ. When an ending starts with a consonant, theㅎremains. - Mistake:
파래지만 하늘은 맑아요.(Paraejiman haneureun malgayo.) - Correction:
파랗지만 하늘은 맑아요.(Parachiman haneureun malgayo.) (Although it's blue, the sky is clear.)
- Incorrect Vowel Transformation: While the
ㅎdrops, the vowel transformation is specific (ㅏtoㅐ,ㅑtoㅒ,ㅓtoㅐ). Mixing these up can lead to misspellings or awkward pronunciations. - Mistake:
빨가요(ppalgayo) instead of빨개요(ppalgaeyo). - Mistake:
하아요(haayo) instead of하얘요(haeyaeyo).
- Forgetting the Formal Exception: It’s easy to get carried away with the
ㅎdropping, but the formal polite-(으)ㅂ니다ending is a key exception where theㅎalways stays. - Mistake:
까맙니다(kkamamnida) for formal까맣다. - Correction:
까맣습니다(kkamasseumnida). (It is black – formal.)
Memory Trick
A helpful memory trick for the ㅎ irregulars, especially the color verbs, is to associate the ㅎ with a light, fleeting breath. When this 'breath' (ㅎ) encounters an open mouth (a vowel sound), it simply disappears into the air. However, it often leaves a 'trace' or 'impression' on the preceding vowel, causing it to shift to a brighter, more open sound (ㅐ or ㅒ). When the 'breath' encounters a solid obstacle (a consonant), it has nowhere to go but to stay put, or when speaking formally, it's held in place by convention.
Think of the ㅎ as a shy letter that hides (drops) when a strong vowel approaches, but not when a strong consonant is there to protect it. The vowel before it then feels a little exposed and changes its form slightly (e.g., ㅏ → ㅐ). For 좋다, imagine the ㅎ is not shy; it's a solid, well-behaved ㅎ that simply merges in sound but stands its ground in spelling.
Real Conversations
Here’s how ㅎ irregular verbs appear in authentic, everyday Korean conversation:
- Describing an outfit:
A
지혜 씨, 오늘 옷 너무 예뻐요! 빨간 코트예요? (Jihye ssi, oneul ot neomu yeppeoyo! Ppalgan koteueyo?)“Jihye, your outfit today is so pretty! Is that a red coat?”*
B
네, 맞아요. 그런데 좀 노란색에 가까워요. (Ne, majayo. Geureonde jom noransaeg-e gakkawoyo.)“Yes, that’s right. But it’s closer to yellow.”* (노란색 from 노랗다)
- Discussing opinions on something:
A
이번 프로젝트, 어떻게 생각해요? (Ibeon peurojekteu, eotteoke saenggakhaeyo?)“What do you think about this project?”* (어떻게 from 어떻다)
B
음... 좀 어려운 것 같아요. 당신 생각은 어때요? (Eum… jom eoryeoun geot gatayo. Dangsin saenggageun eottaeyo?)“Hmm… I think it’s a bit difficult. What do you think?”* (어때요? from 어떻다)
A
저도 그래요. 너무 복잡해서 걱정이에요. (Jeodo geuraeyo. Neomu bokjabaeseo geokjeongieyo.)“I feel the same way. I’m worried because it’s too complicated.”* (그래요 from 그렇다)
- Complaining about something being broken:
A
컴퓨터 화면이 갑자기 까맣게 변했어요. (Keompyuteo hwamyeoni gapjagi kkamake byeonhaesseoyo.)“My computer screen suddenly turned black.”* (까맣게 from 까맣다)
B
어머, 이래요? 이상하다. (Eomeo, iraeyo? Isanghada.)“Oh, is it like this? That’s strange.”* (이래요? from 이렇다)
- Casual agreement on social media:
Comment 1
와, 진짜 이 풍경 파래요! 그림 같아요. (Wa, jinjja i punggyeong paraeyo! Geurim gatayo.)“Wow, this scenery is truly blue! It’s like a painting.”* (파래요 from 파랗다)
Comment 2
그래요! 저도 그렇게 생각해요. (Geuraeyo! Jeodo geureoke saenggakhaeyo.)“Right! I think so too.”* (그래요 from 그렇다)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
ㅎ irregular rule from other similar-sounding or visually confusing patterns.- Vs. Regular
ㅎVerbs (좋다): As emphasized,좋다(to be good) is the prime example of a regular verb ending inㅎ. Whileㅎcan be silent in pronunciation when followed by a vowel, it does not disappear in writing, nor does the precedingㅗvowel transform. This is a consistent source of error for learners. 좋다+-아요→좋아요(Not좨요)좋다+-(으)ㄴ→좋은(Not존)- The distinction lies in the historical linguistic development of these specific words and their phonological behavior, rather than a universal rule for all
ㅎ-ending words.
- Vs.
ㅂIrregular Verbs: While not directly similar, learners encountering irregular verbs for the first time might conflate theㅎirregulars withㅂirregulars (덥다– to be hot,춥다– to be cold). Both involve a final consonant changing or dropping, but the specific transformations are distinct.ㅂirregulars changeㅂtoㅜorㅗbefore a vowel, whereasㅎirregulars dropㅎand change the preceding vowel. 덥다+-어요→더워요(deowoyo)파랗다+-어요→파래요(paraeyo)
- Vs. Adverbs (
-게): The adverbial form-(으)게(to make/become in a certain way) can be applied toㅎirregulars. Here, theㅎdoes not drop because게starts with a consonant, yet the overall meaning of describing how something is done or becomes can be similar to using어떻다. This highlights the importance of the ending. 까맣다+-게→까맣게(to make/turn black)화면이 까맣게 변했어요.(The screen turned black.)
Progressive Practice
To master ㅎ irregular verbs, follow a structured practice approach:
Identification: Begin by identifying verbs that follow the ㅎ irregular pattern. Look for descriptive verbs ending in ㅏㅎ다, ㅑㅎ다, or ㅓㅎ다. Make a mental note to exclude 좋다 and any action verbs.
- Example: From a list: 빨갛다, 놓다, 하다, 어떻다, 만들다, 하얗다.
- Answer: 빨갛다, 어떻다, 하얗다 are ㅎ irregulars.
Informal Polite Conjugation (-아요/어요): Practice conjugating these verbs into their most common form. This reinforces the ㅎ drop and vowel transformation.
- Practice: 노랗다 → 노래요; 그렇다 → 그래요; 까맣다 → 까매요.
- Self-check: Is the ㅎ gone? Did the vowel change correctly?
Noun Modifier Form (-(으)ㄴ): This is crucial for descriptive clauses. Focus on dropping ㅎ and attaching ㄴ.
- Practice: 파랗다 + 하늘 (sky) → 파란 하늘; 이렇다 + 경우 (case) → 이런 경우.
- Self-check: Is ㄴ attached directly to the stem without ㅎ?
Sentence Construction with Various Endings: Incorporate the conjugated forms into full sentences, including consonant-initial endings where the ㅎ remains.
- Construct:
ㅎ Irregular Conjugation (Present Polite)
| Base Form | Stem | Polite (-아요/어요) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
하얗다
|
하얗-
|
하얘요
|
to be white
|
|
파랗다
|
파랗-
|
파래요
|
to be blue
|
|
노랗다
|
노랗-
|
노래요
|
to be yellow
|
|
그렇다
|
그렇-
|
그래요
|
to be like that
|
|
어떻다
|
어떻-
|
어때요
|
to be how
|
|
빨갛다
|
빨갛-
|
빨개요
|
to be red
|
Consonant-Initial Endings (No Change)
| Base | Ending (-고) | Result |
|---|---|---|
|
하얗다
|
-고
|
하얗고
|
|
파랗다
|
-지만
|
파랗지만
|
Meanings
This rule applies to descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in ㅎ, primarily colors and the word 'like that' (그렇다). It dictates how these stems transform when attached to vowel-initial suffixes.
Color Description
Describing the color of an object.
“하늘이 파래요.”
“눈이 하얘요.”
State/Manner
Describing a state or manner, specifically 'like that' (그렇다) or 'how' (어떻다).
“그렇지 않아요.”
“어때요?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + -아요/어요
|
하얘요
|
|
Negative
|
Stem + -지 않아요
|
하얗지 않아요
|
|
Question
|
Stem + -아요/어요?
|
어때요?
|
|
Past
|
Stem + -았/었어요
|
하얬어요
|
|
Adnominal
|
Stem + -ㄴ
|
하얀
|
|
Adverbial
|
Stem + -게
|
하얗게
|
Formality Spectrum
파랗습니다. (Describing color)
파래요. (Describing color)
파래. (Describing color)
파래! (Describing color)
The ㅎ Irregular Flow
Vowel Ending
- 하얘요 is white
Consonant Ending
- 하얗고 is white and
Examples by Level
하늘이 파래요.
The sky is blue.
눈이 하얘요.
The snow is white.
꽃이 노래요.
The flower is yellow.
그렇지 않아요.
It is not like that.
이 옷은 하얗고 예뻐요.
This clothes is white and pretty.
어떻게 할까요?
How should we do it?
바다가 정말 파랗네요.
The sea is really blue.
그렇게 말하지 마세요.
Don't say it like that.
하얀 눈이 소복이 쌓였어요.
White snow has piled up softly.
어떠한 상황에서도 포기하지 마세요.
Do not give up in any situation.
그렇게까지 할 필요는 없어요.
There is no need to go that far.
노란색보다는 파란색이 더 좋아요.
I like blue more than yellow.
하얗게 질린 얼굴로 돌아왔어요.
He returned with a pale face.
어떻게든 해결해 보겠습니다.
I will try to solve it somehow.
파랗게 변한 하늘을 보며 생각했어요.
I thought while looking at the sky that turned blue.
그렇다면 제안을 받아들이겠습니다.
If that is the case, I will accept the proposal.
하얗게 불태웠어.
I burned it all up (worked very hard).
어떠한 난관이 닥쳐도 이겨낼 것입니다.
No matter what difficulty comes, we will overcome it.
파랗게 질린 아이를 안고 병원으로 뛰었어요.
I ran to the hospital holding the child who had turned pale.
그렇고말고요, 당연히 가야죠.
Of course, I should definitely go.
하얗게 센 머리카락이 세월을 말해주네요.
The white-turned hair tells the story of time.
그렇다 한들 무슨 소용이 있겠습니까?
Even if that is so, what use would it be?
어떻게든 이 상황을 타개해야 합니다.
We must overcome this situation somehow.
파랗게 멍든 자국이 아직 남아있어요.
The blue bruise mark still remains.
Easily Confused
Learners think all ㅎ-final verbs are irregular.
Learners drop the ㅎ even before consonants.
Learners use the irregular form instead of the adnominal form.
Common Mistakes
파라요
파래요
하얗아요
하얘요
노라요
노래요
그렇아요
그래요
파랗아요
파래요
어떻아요
어때요
빨갛고 -> 빨개고
빨갛고
하얗게 -> 하얘게
하얗게
그렇지 -> 그래지
그렇지
파랗다 -> 파라다
파랗다
어떠한 -> 어때한
어떠한
그렇고말고요 -> 그래고말고요
그렇고말고요
하얗다 -> 하야다
하얗다
파랗다 -> 파라타
파랗다
Sentence Patterns
___이/가 ___요.
___가 어때요?
그렇게 ___지 마세요.
어떠한 ___도 괜찮아요.
Real World Usage
어때?
이거 하얀색 있어요?
어떠한 상황에서도 최선을 다하겠습니다.
바다가 정말 파래요!
하늘이 너무 파래서 좋아요.
그렇게 해주세요.
Don't touch 'Good'!
좋다 (to be good). It keeps its ㅎ. 좋아요 is correct.The Texting Shortcut
그래요 is often shortened to just ㅇㅇ (agreement) or 그래.Softening Opinions
그런 것 같아요 (It seems like that) is a very common Korean way to soften an opinion instead of stating facts bluntly.Smart Tips
Check if the suffix starts with a vowel.
Don't assume it's irregular immediately.
Remember the adnominal form doesn't use the irregular rule.
Focus on the vowel change.
Pronunciation
Vowel Change
The change from ㅏ to ㅐ makes the sound more open and fronted.
Question
어때요? (Rising)
Asking for information
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of the ㅎ as a 'hiding' letter. When a vowel comes, it hides (disappears) and the vowel changes to make room!
Visual Association
Imagine a white cloud (하얗다) that sees a vowel coming and quickly turns into a smaller, brighter cloud (하얘요).
Rhyme
When the vowel comes to play, the ㅎ just runs away!
Story
A blue bird (파랗다) was sitting on a branch. A vowel-ending came along like a gust of wind. The bird (ㅎ) flew away, and the blue color changed to a brighter shade (파래요).
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences using colors to describe things in your room right now.
Cultural Notes
Used in all formal and informal settings.
Sometimes retains the ㅎ sound more clearly.
Often shortens these even further in texting.
The ㅎ-irregular stems from historical phonological changes where the glottal fricative /h/ was lost between vowels.
Conversation Starters
오늘 날씨가 어때요?
이 옷 색깔이 어때요?
그렇게 생각하세요?
어떠한 계획이 있으세요?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
하늘이 ___.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
눈이 하얗아요.
노랗다 -> ?
All ㅎ-final verbs are irregular.
A: 이 옷 어때? B: ___.
하늘 / 파랗다 / -요
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises하늘이 ___.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
눈이 하얗아요.
노랗다 -> ?
All ㅎ-final verbs are irregular.
A: 이 옷 어때? B: ___.
하늘 / 파랗다 / -요
하얗다 / 파랗다
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises요즘 학교 생활이 ___?
저는 ___ 가방을 사고 싶어요. (노랗다)
Which one uses '그렇다' correctly?
Match the verb to its noun modifier form.
하늘이 파랗아요.
It is like that.
빨개요 / 얼굴이 / 제
너 왜 ___? (그렇다)
Snow is white.
___ 우유 (하얗다)
기분이 좨요.
Why are you like this?
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
It's a phonological process to make the transition between the stem and the suffix smoother.
Most are, but not all. Always check your dictionary.
The ㅎ remains. For example, `하얗고`.
No, it's a regular verb. It becomes `좋아요`.
Yes, it's standard Korean.
Just remember: ㅏ becomes ㅐ, ㅓ becomes ㅔ.
Yes, it's used in all forms of writing.
Some words like `좋다` are exceptions to the 'ㅎ-final' rule.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Adjective agreement
Korean is phonological, Spanish is grammatical.
Liaison
Liaison is optional/stylistic; Korean irregulars are mandatory.
Strong/Weak verbs
German is based on tense; Korean is based on suffix initial.
I-adjectives
Japanese doesn't have this specific vowel-drop rule.
Root system
Arabic is root-based; Korean is stem-based.
None
Chinese is isolating; Korean is agglutinative.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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