贸易战 in 30 Seconds

  • A trade war is a conflict where countries impose tariffs on each other.
  • It makes international trade more difficult and expensive.
  • Trade wars can negatively impact economies and consumers.
  • It's a serious economic dispute, not just normal trade.
Definition
A trade war is a situation where countries impose tariffs and other trade barriers on each other's goods and services. This typically happens when there are disagreements over trade policies, economic competition, or national security concerns. The goal is often to protect domestic industries or to pressure another country into changing its policies. However, trade wars can lead to higher prices for consumers, reduced economic growth, and strained international relations.
Usage
The term '贸易战' (mào yì zhàn) is frequently used in news reports, political discussions, and economic analyses. It's a significant term that describes a major geopolitical and economic phenomenon. You'll hear it when international trade disputes escalate, especially between large economies. It's a term that implies conflict and significant economic consequences.

The United States and China have been involved in a prolonged 贸易战, impacting global supply chains.

Analysts are closely watching the developments to understand the potential impact of the ongoing 贸易战 on the stock market.

The government is trying to mitigate the negative effects of the 贸易战 on domestic businesses.

Experts predict that a resolution to the 贸易战 could lead to a significant boost in international trade.

The global economy is sensitive to the ongoing 贸易战 between major economic powers.

Subject of a Sentence
The 贸易战 between the two nations has caused significant economic uncertainty worldwide. This sentence positions '贸易战' as the central topic being discussed, highlighting its global impact.
Object of a Verb
Economists are analyzing the long-term effects of the ongoing 贸易战 on emerging markets. Here, '贸易战' is the direct object of the verb 'analyzing', indicating what the economists are studying.
In a Prepositional Phrase
The government is seeking diplomatic solutions to de-escalate the 贸易战. In this case, '贸易战' is part of the prepositional phrase 'to de-escalate the 贸易战', specifying the action being taken.
Describing a Situation
The current global economic climate is heavily influenced by the 贸易战. This usage describes the overall situation and how '贸易战' is a major factor within it.

The company had to adjust its business strategy due to the escalating 贸易战.

International organizations are calling for an end to the 贸易战 to restore global economic stability.

Consumers are bearing the brunt of the 贸易战 through increased prices on imported goods.

Negotiations are underway to find a peaceful resolution to the ongoing 贸易战.

The political rhetoric surrounding the 贸易战 has intensified in recent months.

News Headlines
You'll frequently see '贸易战' in headlines of major news outlets, especially when discussing international economic relations. For instance, '美中贸易战再起波澜' (US-China trade war stirs up new waves) or '全球经济面临贸易战的阴影' (Global economy faces the shadow of trade war).
Political Debates
Politicians and government officials often use '贸易战' when discussing trade policies, negotiations, and economic strategies. They might argue about the necessity of engaging in or resolving a '贸易战' to protect national interests.
Economic Commentary
Economists and financial analysts use '贸易战' when explaining market fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, and the overall impact on global GDP. They might discuss the '贸易战对股市的影响' (impact of the trade war on the stock market) or '如何应对贸易战的挑战' (how to respond to the challenges of a trade war).
Business Discussions
Business leaders and international trade professionals use '贸易战' to describe the challenging environment they operate in. They might discuss how their companies are adapting to the '贸易战' or the risks associated with it.

A recent report from the World Trade Organization discussed the intensification of the global 贸易战.

During a press conference, the minister addressed concerns about the impact of the 贸易战 on national security.

The financial news channel featured an expert discussing the ripple effects of the 贸易战 on commodity prices.

A seminar for exporters focused on strategies to navigate the complexities of the current 贸易战.

Confusing with General Trade
A common mistake is to use '贸易战' to refer to any form of international trade or trade negotiations. However, '贸易战' specifically denotes a conflict or dispute characterized by retaliatory trade barriers, not just regular trade activities. For example, saying '我们正在进行贸易战' (We are conducting a trade war) when discussing a trade agreement would be incorrect. The correct term for regular trade is '贸易' (mào yì).
Overuse or Misapplication
Learners might overuse '贸易战' to describe any minor trade dispute or disagreement between countries. A '贸易战' implies a significant, often escalating, conflict with substantial economic repercussions. Using it for a small tariff on a niche product might be an exaggeration. For instance, calling a minor tariff negotiation a '贸易战' is an overstatement. It's better to reserve it for larger-scale conflicts.
Ignoring the 'War' Aspect
Some may focus too much on the 'trade' aspect and forget the 'war' component, which signifies conflict and hostile actions. '贸易战' is not just about trade; it's about trade as a battleground. For example, mistaking '贸易战' for simple competition in trade without the element of conflict. The term implies a struggle with winners and losers, or at least significant damage to all parties involved.
Grammatical Errors
While '贸易战' is a noun, learners might misuse it in sentence structures. For example, trying to use it as an adjective directly without proper modification, or misplacing it in a sentence. Ensure it functions as a noun, often as the subject or object of a sentence, or within prepositional phrases describing economic conflict.

Incorrect: The company wants to promote 贸易战 for its products.

Correct: The company wants to promote its products, but the ongoing 贸易战 makes it difficult.

Incorrect: We are in a period of normal 贸易战.

Correct: We are in a period of normal trade, but tensions are rising, hinting at a potential 贸易战.

贸易摩擦 (mào yì mó cā)
Meaning: Trade friction. This term refers to disagreements, disputes, or minor conflicts in trade relations between countries. It's less severe than a full-blown '贸易战'.
Comparison: '贸易摩擦' is a milder form of conflict. It can be seen as a precursor or a less intense phase of a '贸易战'. A '贸易战' involves more aggressive and systematic imposition of trade barriers.
Example: The two countries are experiencing '贸易摩擦' over agricultural imports, but it has not yet escalated into a full '贸易战'.
贸易保护主义 (mào yì bǎo hù zhǔ yì)
Meaning: Trade protectionism. This refers to government policies designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, often through tariffs, quotas, and subsidies.
Comparison: '贸易保护主义' is a policy or ideology that can lead to a '贸易战'. A '贸易战' is the actual conflict that arises when countries engage in protectionist measures against each other. Protectionism is the cause; trade war is the effect.
Example: The imposition of tariffs is a clear sign of '贸易保护主义', which can often trigger a '贸易战'.
经济制裁 (jīng jì zhì cái)
Meaning: Economic sanctions. These are penalties imposed by one or more countries on another country, typically to prevent or reduce trade and financial dealings.
Comparison: '经济制裁' can be a tool used within a '贸易战', but it's broader. Sanctions can be imposed for political or security reasons, not just trade disputes. A '贸易战' is specifically about trade barriers, while '经济制裁' can encompass a wider range of economic restrictions.
Example: The international community imposed '经济制裁' on the country, which indirectly affected its '贸易战' strategy.
国际贸易 (guó jì mào yì)
Meaning: International trade. This is the general term for the exchange of goods and services between countries.
Comparison: '国际贸易' is the overarching concept. A '贸易战' is a specific, negative disruption or conflict within the realm of '国际贸易'. It's like the difference between 'weather' and 'a storm'.
Example: While '国际贸易' is essential for global prosperity, a '贸易战' can severely undermine it.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The concept of trade disputes and protectionism has existed for centuries, but the term 'trade war' gained prominence in the modern era with increasing globalization and interconnected economies. The direct translation into Chinese reflects the global adoption of this concept.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /tɹeɪd wɔː/
US /tɹeɪd wɔɹ/
The primary stress is on the first syllable of 'trade' (TRADE war).
Rhymes With
made paid laid swayed afraid parade charade persuade
Common Errors
  • Mispronouncing the 'tr' blend.
  • Using an incorrect vowel sound for 'trade' or 'war'.
  • Not stressing the first word ('trade').

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Understanding articles or news reports discussing '贸易战' requires familiarity with economic terms and geopolitical contexts. While the core meaning is straightforward, the nuances and implications can be complex.

Writing 3/5

Using '贸易战' correctly in writing involves understanding its specific context and avoiding overgeneralization. Accurately describing its causes, effects, and related concepts requires good vocabulary and grammatical control.

Speaking 3/5

Discussing '贸易战' in spoken conversation requires the ability to articulate its meaning and implications, often in the context of current events. Fluency in related economic and political vocabulary is helpful.

Listening 3/5

Recognizing '贸易战' in spoken Chinese requires distinguishing it from similar terms and understanding the context of economic and political discussions. Its frequent use in news makes it recognizable but context is key.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

贸易 (mào yì) - trade 国家 (guó jiā) - country 经济 (jīng jì) - economy 税 (shuì) - tax 商品 (shāng pǐn) - goods 问题 (wèn tí) - problem 影响 (yǐng xiǎng) - influence/impact

Learn Next

关税 (guān shuì) - tariff 保护主义 (bǎo hù zhǔ yì) - protectionism 经济制裁 (jīng jì zhì cái) - economic sanctions 国际贸易 (guó jì mào yì) - international trade 供应链 (gōng yìng liàn) - supply chain 谈判 (tán pàn) - negotiation

Advanced

地缘政治 (dì yuán zhèng zhì) - geopolitics 全球化 (quán qiú huà) - globalization 多边主义 (duō biān zhǔ yì) - multilateralism 单边主义 (dān biān zhǔ yì) - unilateralism 经济衰退 (jīng jì shuāi tuì) - economic recession 金融稳定 (jīn róng wěn dìng) - financial stability

Grammar to Know

Using '的' (de) to indicate possession or modification.

贸易战的后果 (mào yì zhàn de hòu guǒ) - The consequences of the trade war. Here, '的' connects '贸易战' (trade war) to '后果' (consequences).

Using '了' (le) to indicate a completed action or change of state.

贸易战影响了全球经济 (mào yì zhàn yǐng xiǎng le quán qiú jīng jì) - The trade war affected the global economy. '了' shows that the affecting action is completed.

Using '正在' (zhèng zài) or '在' (zài) to indicate an ongoing action.

两国正在经历贸易战 (liǎng guó zhèng zài jīng lì mào yì zhàn) - The two countries are experiencing a trade war. '正在' marks the action as continuous.

Using '因为' (yīn wèi - because) and '所以' (suǒ yǐ - therefore) to express cause and effect.

因为贸易战,商品价格上涨了,所以消费者负担加重了 (Yīn wèi mào yì zhàn, shāng pǐn jià gé shàng zhǎng le, suǒ yǐ xiāo fèi zhě fù dān jiā zhòng le) - Because of the trade war, commodity prices rose, therefore consumers' burden increased.

Using modal verbs like '可能' (kě néng - may/might) or '会' (huì - will) to express possibility or future action.

贸易战可能会导致经济衰退 (Mào yì zhàn kě néng huì dǎo zhì jīng jì shuāi tuì) - The trade war may lead to an economic recession.

Examples by Level

1

国家不友好。

Countries are not friendly.

Simple sentence structure.

2

他们不买我的东西。

They don't buy my things.

Using '不' (bù) for negation.

3

价格很高。

Prices are very high.

Adjective '高' (gāo) with adverb '很' (hěn).

4

我们需要谈谈。

We need to talk.

'需要' (xūyào - need) + verb.

5

经济不好。

The economy is not good.

Simple negation of a noun phrase.

6

他们生气。

They are angry.

Adjective describing emotion.

7

我的东西不能去。

My things cannot go.

'不能' (bù néng - cannot) + verb.

8

这是坏事。

This is a bad thing.

Adjective modifying a noun.

1

两个国家在吵架。

Two countries are arguing.

Using '在' (zài) for ongoing action.

2

他们互相加税。

They are taxing each other.

'互相' (hù xiāng - mutually) + verb.

3

这让生意很困难。

This makes business very difficult.

'让' (ràng - to make/let) + object + adjective.

4

我们的产品卖不出去。

Our products cannot be sold.

'卖不出去' (mài bu chū qù - cannot sell and get out/cannot be sold).

5

政府在考虑解决方法。

The government is considering solutions.

'考虑' (kǎo lǜ - to consider) + noun.

6

大家都不高兴。

Everyone is unhappy.

'都' (dōu - all/both) used with negation.

7

我们需要新的市场。

We need new markets.

'需要' (xūyào - need) + noun phrase.

8

这是经济问题。

This is an economic problem.

Noun phrase with adjective.

1

美中两国之间的贸易战影响了全球经济。

The trade war between the US and China has affected the global economy.

Using '贸易战' as the subject, with '之间' (zhī jiān - between) for context.

2

政府宣布对进口商品加征关税,以应对贸易战。

The government announced the imposition of higher tariffs on imported goods to cope with the trade war.

'加征关税' (jiā zhēng guān shuì - impose additional tariffs), '以应对' (yǐ yìng duì - to cope with).

3

企业正在努力适应贸易战带来的挑战。

Businesses are working hard to adapt to the challenges brought by the trade war.

'努力适应' (nǔ lì shì yìng - work hard to adapt), '带来的挑战' (dài lái de tiǎo zhàn - challenges brought by).

4

分析人士认为,贸易战可能会导致通货膨胀。

Analysts believe the trade war may lead to inflation.

'分析人士认为' (fēn xī rén shì rèn wéi - analysts believe), '导致' (dǎo zhì - lead to).

5

这场贸易战对消费者造成了负面影响。

This trade war has had a negative impact on consumers.

'造成了负面影响' (zào chéng le fù miàn yǐng xiǎng - caused negative impact).

6

双方都在寻求缓和贸易战的途径。

Both sides are seeking ways to de-escalate the trade war.

'寻求途径' (xún qiú tú jìng - seek ways), '缓和' (huǎn hé - de-escalate/ease).

7

持续的贸易战威胁着全球供应链的稳定。

The ongoing trade war threatens the stability of global supply chains.

'持续的' (chí xù de - ongoing/continuous), '威胁着' (wēi xié zhe - threatening).

8

解决贸易战需要长期的外交努力。

Resolving the trade war requires long-term diplomatic efforts.

'解决' (jiě jué - resolve), '外交努力' (wài jiāo nǔ lì - diplomatic efforts).

1

这场旷日持久的贸易战不仅损害了两国的经济,也对全球贸易格局产生了深远影响。

This protracted trade war has not only harmed the economies of both countries but also had a profound impact on the global trade landscape.

'旷日持久' (kuàng rì chí jiǔ - protracted/long-lasting), '损害了' (sǔn hài le - harmed), '深远影响' (shēn yuǎn yǐng xiǎng - profound impact).

2

一些国家呼吁通过多边机制来解决贸易战中的争端,以避免单边主义的抬头。

Some countries are calling for the resolution of disputes in the trade war through multilateral mechanisms to avoid the rise of unilateralism.

'呼吁' (hū yù - call for), '多边机制' (duō biān jī zhì - multilateral mechanism), '争端' (zhēng duān - dispute), '单边主义' (dān biān zhǔ yì - unilateralism).

3

贸易战的升级可能导致资本外流和投资减少,进一步加剧经济下行风险。

The escalation of the trade war may lead to capital outflow and reduced investment, further exacerbating the risk of economic downturn.

'升级' (shēng jí - escalation), '资本外流' (zī běn wài liú - capital outflow), '加剧' (jiā jù - exacerbate).

4

为了规避贸易战带来的高额关税,许多跨国公司正在调整其全球供应链布局。

To circumvent the high tariffs brought by the trade war, many multinational corporations are adjusting their global supply chain layouts.

'规避' (guī bì - circumvent/avoid), '高额关税' (gāo é guān shuì - high tariffs), '供应链布局' (gōng yìng liàn bù jú - supply chain layout).

5

分析师指出,贸易战的长期影响可能比短期波动更为严峻。

Analysts point out that the long-term impact of the trade war may be more severe than short-term fluctuations.

'指出' (zhǐ chū - point out), '短期波动' (duǎn qī bō dòng - short-term fluctuations), '严峻' (yán jùn - severe/grim).

6

尽管存在贸易战,但两国之间的经济联系依然紧密,显示出合作的潜力。

Despite the trade war, the economic ties between the two countries remain close, showing potential for cooperation.

'尽管' (jǐn guǎn - despite), '经济联系' (jīng jì lián xì - economic ties), '潜力' (qián lì - potential).

7

国际货币基金组织警告称,持续的贸易战可能拖累全球经济增长。

The International Monetary Fund warned that the ongoing trade war could drag down global economic growth.

'国际货币基金组织' (guó jì huò bì jī jīn zǔ zhī - International Monetary Fund), '警告称' (jǐng gào chēng - warned that), '拖累' (tuō lěi - drag down).

8

解决贸易战需要双方展现出政治意愿和战略远见。

Resolving the trade war requires both sides to demonstrate political will and strategic foresight.

'政治意愿' (zhèng zhì yì yuàn - political will), '战略远见' (zhàn lüè yuǎn jiàn - strategic foresight).

1

由贸易战引发的保护主义抬头,正以前所未有的方式重塑着全球贸易规则。

The rise of protectionism, triggered by the trade war, is reshaping global trade rules in unprecedented ways.

'由...引发' (yóu...yǐn fā - triggered by), '保护主义抬头' (bǎo hù zhǔ yì tái tóu - rise of protectionism), '前所未有' (qián suǒ wèi yǒu - unprecedented), '重塑' (chóng sù - reshape).

2

这场贸易战的复杂性在于,它不仅仅是经济利益的博弈,更掺杂了地缘政治的考量与意识形态的对抗。

The complexity of this trade war lies not only in the game of economic interests but also in the admixture of geopolitical considerations and ideological confrontation.

'复杂性在于' (fù zá xìng zài yú - complexity lies in), '博弈' (bó yì - game/contest), '掺杂了' (chān zá le - mixed with/admixed), '地缘政治' (dì yuán zhèng zhì - geopolitics), '意识形态' (yì shí xíng tài - ideology), '对抗' (duì kàng - confrontation).

3

为了规避贸易战带来的不确定性,跨国企业正积极寻求多元化的生产基地和销售渠道。

To circumvent the uncertainty brought by the trade war, multinational enterprises are actively seeking diversified production bases and sales channels.

'不确定性' (bù què dìng xìng - uncertainty), '多元化' (duō yuán huà - diversified), '生产基地' (shēng chǎn jī dì - production bases), '销售渠道' (xiāo shòu qú dào - sales channels).

4

国际社会普遍担忧,若贸易战持续升级,将可能引发全球性的经济衰退。

The international community generally worries that if the trade war continues to escalate, it could trigger a global economic recession.

'普遍担忧' (pǔ biàn dān yōu - generally worried), '持续升级' (chí xù shēng jí - continue to escalate), '引发' (yǐn fā - trigger), '经济衰退' (jīng jì shuāi tuì - economic recession).

5

该国政府试图通过战略性的贸易谈判来缓解贸易战的负面冲击,但收效甚微。

The country's government attempted to mitigate the negative impact of the trade war through strategic trade negotiations, but with limited success.

'试图' (shì tú - attempt), '缓解' (huǎn jiě - mitigate/relieve), '负面冲击' (fù miàn chōng jī - negative impact), '收效甚微' (shōu xiào shèn wēi - with little effect/limited success).

6

分析表明,科技领域的竞争是当前贸易战背后一个不容忽视的关键驱动因素。

Analysis indicates that competition in the technology sector is a crucial driving factor behind the current trade war that cannot be ignored.

'分析表明' (fēn xī biǎo míng - analysis indicates), '科技领域' (kē jì lǐng yù - technology sector), '不容忽视' (bù róng hū shì - cannot be ignored), '关键驱动因素' (guān jiàn qū dòng yīn sù - key driving factor).

7

这场贸易战的长期后果可能包括全球经济碎片化以及区域经济集团的崛起。

The long-term consequences of this trade war may include the fragmentation of the global economy and the rise of regional economic blocs.

'长期后果' (cháng qī hòu guǒ - long-term consequences), '碎片化' (suì piàn huà - fragmentation), '区域经济集团' (qū yù jīng jì jí tuán - regional economic blocs).

8

尽管面临严峻挑战,但仍有希望通过对话和妥协来为贸易战画上句号。

Despite facing severe challenges, there is still hope to bring the trade war to an end through dialogue and compromise.

'面临严峻挑战' (miàn lín yán jùn tiǎo zhàn - facing severe challenges), '对话和妥协' (duì huà hé tuǒ xié - dialogue and compromise), '画上句号' (huà shàng jù hào - to draw a conclusion/bring to an end).

1

当前这场旷日持久且充满变数的贸易战,已演变为一场涉及多重利益攸关方的复杂地缘经济博弈。

The current protracted and volatile trade war has evolved into a complex geopolitical and economic game involving multiple stakeholders.

'充满变数' (chōng mǎn biàn shù - full of variables/volatile), '演变为' (yǎn biàn wéi - evolved into), '多重利益攸关方' (duō chóng lì yì yōu guān fāng - multiple stakeholders), '地缘经济博弈' (dì yuán jīng jì bó yì - geopolitical economic game).

2

贸易战的深层根源往往在于国家间的战略竞争和对未来全球经济秩序的争夺。

The deep-seated roots of trade wars often lie in strategic competition between nations and the struggle for the future global economic order.

'深层根源' (shēn céng gēn yuán - deep-seated roots), '战略竞争' (zhàn lüè jìng zhēng - strategic competition), '全球经济秩序' (quán qiú jīng jì zhì xù - global economic order), '争夺' (zhēng duó - struggle/contend for).

3

鉴于贸易战可能带来的系统性风险,各国央行正密切关注其对全球金融稳定的潜在影响。

Given the systemic risks that trade wars may bring, central banks are closely monitoring their potential impact on global financial stability.

'鉴于' (jiàn yú - in view of/given), '系统性风险' (xì tǒng xìng fēng xiǎn - systemic risks), '央行' (yāng háng - central bank), '金融稳定' (jīn róng wěn dìng - financial stability).

4

此次贸易战的特点之一是其高度的意识形态色彩,这使得通过纯粹的经济手段来解决问题变得尤为困难。

One of the characteristics of this trade war is its strong ideological undertone, which makes resolving the issue through purely economic means particularly difficult.

'特点之一' (tè diǎn zhī yī - one of the characteristics), '意识形态色彩' (yì shí xíng tài sè cǎi - ideological undertone/color), '尤为困难' (yóu wéi kùn nán - particularly difficult).

5

长期的贸易摩擦和零和博弈思维,可能导致全球经济的碎片化,形成相互隔绝的经济区域。

Prolonged trade friction and a zero-sum game mentality may lead to the fragmentation of the global economy, forming mutually isolated economic regions.

'零和博弈思维' (líng hé bó yì sī wéi - zero-sum game mentality), '相互隔绝' (xiāng hù gé jué - mutually isolated).

6

为了应对贸易战带来的结构性挑战,各国需要超越短期政治考量,采取更加合作和前瞻性的政策。

To address the structural challenges brought by the trade war, countries need to transcend short-term political considerations and adopt more cooperative and forward-looking policies.

'结构性挑战' (jié gòu xìng tiǎo zhàn - structural challenges), '超越' (chāo yuè - transcend), '前瞻性的政策' (qián zhān xìng de zhèng cè - forward-looking policies).

7

此次贸易战的演变过程,为理解后全球化时代的国际经济关系提供了宝贵的案例研究。

The evolutionary process of this trade war provides a valuable case study for understanding international economic relations in the post-globalization era.

'演变过程' (yǎn biàn guò chéng - evolutionary process), '后全球化时代' (hòu quán qiú huà shí dài - post-globalization era), '宝贵的案例研究' (bǎo guì de àn lì yán jiū - valuable case study).

8

最终,化解贸易战的僵局需要双方领导人具备高超的政治智慧和对全球福祉的责任感。

Ultimately, resolving the stalemate of the trade war requires leaders on both sides to possess superb political wisdom and a sense of responsibility for global well-being.

'化解' (huà jiě - resolve/dissolve), '僵局' (jiāng jú - stalemate), '高超的政治智慧' (gāo chāo de zhèng zhì zhì huì - superb political wisdom), '全球福祉' (quán qiú fú zhǐ - global well-being).

Common Collocations

爆发贸易战
经历贸易战
结束贸易战
贸易战的影响
贸易战的根源
贸易战升级
贸易战的代价
应对贸易战
贸易战的谈判
避免贸易战

Common Phrases

贸易战对经济的影响

— This phrase specifically discusses the economic consequences of a trade war, such as impacts on GDP, inflation, employment, and investment.

Economists are closely monitoring the 贸易战对经济的影响.

解决贸易战

— This refers to the process of finding a peaceful resolution or ending the trade conflict between countries, often through negotiation or compromise.

Diplomats are working towards 解决贸易战.

贸易战的受害者

— This phrase identifies the individuals, businesses, or sectors that suffer the most from the negative effects of a trade war, such as consumers facing higher prices or industries losing export markets.

Small businesses are often the primary 贸易战的受害者.

贸易战的升级

— This describes the process where a trade dispute becomes more serious, with countries imposing more severe tariffs or trade restrictions on each other.

The recent retaliatory measures signal a potential 贸易战的升级.

贸易战的谈判

— This refers to the discussions and negotiations held between countries to resolve their trade disputes and potentially end a trade war.

The future of the trade relationship hinges on the success of these 贸易战的谈判.

贸易战时期

— This phrase refers to the period or duration when a trade war is actively taking place.

During the 贸易战时期, many companies had to rethink their international strategies.

贸易战的应对

— This refers to the strategies and measures that individuals, businesses, or governments take to deal with or mitigate the negative effects of a trade war.

Developing robust supply chains is a key strategy for 贸易战的应对.

贸易战的根源

— This phrase explores the underlying causes and reasons behind the initiation of a trade war, which can be complex and multifaceted.

Understanding 贸易战的根源 is crucial for finding a lasting solution.

贸易战的蔓延

— This refers to the expansion of a trade war to include more countries or sectors, or its worsening impact on the global economy.

There are concerns about the potential 贸易战的蔓延 to other regions.

贸易战的终结

— This signifies the end or resolution of a trade war, leading to a return to more stable trade relations.

The announcement of a trade deal marked the 贸易战的终结.

Often Confused With

贸易战 vs 贸易摩擦 (mào yì mó cā)

'贸易摩擦' means trade friction and refers to disagreements or minor disputes in trade. '贸易战' is a more serious conflict involving significant retaliatory trade barriers, like tariffs.

贸易战 vs 国际贸易 (guó jì mào yì)

'国际贸易' means international trade, which is the general exchange of goods and services. '贸易战' is a specific, disruptive conflict within international trade.

贸易战 vs 经济制裁 (jīng jì zhì cái)

'经济制裁' refers to economic penalties imposed on a country, which can be part of a trade war but are broader and can be for non-trade reasons like political or security issues.

Idioms & Expressions

"火上浇油"

— Literally 'to pour oil on fire'. This idiom describes actions that make a bad situation worse. In the context of a trade war, any escalatory measure would be like adding fuel to the fire.

Imposing further tariffs during ongoing negotiations would be like 火上浇油 to the trade war.

Informal/Figurative
"两败俱伤"

— Literally 'both sides suffer losses'. This idiom describes a situation where all parties involved in a conflict end up losing, which is a common outcome of protracted trade wars.

Many economists warn that a prolonged trade war will inevitably lead to 两败俱伤 for all participating nations.

Neutral/Figurative
"杀鸡取卵"

— Literally 'to kill the chicken to get the eggs'. This idiom refers to short-sighted actions that yield immediate gain but destroy long-term potential. Implementing protectionist policies in a trade war might be seen as this.

Engaging in a trade war solely for short-term political gain is akin to 杀鸡取卵, as it damages future economic prospects.

Neutral/Figurative
"针锋相对"

— Literally 'needle point against needle point'. This idiom describes a situation where two opposing sides respond to each other's actions with equally strong or retaliatory measures. This is characteristic of how countries escalate a trade war.

The tit-for-tat tariff increases show that both countries are responding 针锋相对 in the trade war.

Neutral/Figurative
"进退两难"

— Literally 'difficult to advance or retreat'. This idiom describes a predicament where one is stuck in a difficult situation with no easy way out. Countries can find themselves in this position during a trade war.

With mounting domestic pressure, the government finds itself in a 进退两难 regarding the trade war negotiations.

Neutral/Figurative
"杯弓蛇影"

— Literally 'mistaking a bow's reflection in a cup for a snake'. This idiom refers to being overly suspicious or paranoid, seeing threats where none exist. Misinterpretations or exaggerated fears can fuel trade wars.

Sometimes, the fears surrounding a trade war are exaggerated, like 杯弓蛇影, leading to unnecessary conflict.

Neutral/Figurative
"防不胜防"

— Literally 'unable to defend against'. This idiom describes a situation where something is so pervasive or insidious that it's impossible to guard against. The widespread impacts of a trade war can feel this way.

The ripple effects of the trade war are so broad that it feels 防不胜防 for many businesses.

Neutral/Figurative
"顾此失彼"

— Literally 'attending to one thing and neglecting another'. This idiom describes a situation where focusing on one aspect leads to the neglect of another. Countries might focus on trade war retaliation and overlook other critical economic issues.

By concentrating solely on retaliating in the trade war, the government may be 顾此失彼 regarding other important economic policies.

Neutral/Figurative
"画饼充饥"

— Literally 'drawing a cake to satisfy hunger'. This idiom refers to making empty promises or relying on unrealistic solutions. Promises of quick wins from a trade war can be like this.

Promising swift economic recovery solely through trade war measures is like 画饼充饥.

Neutral/Figurative
"一损俱损"

— Literally 'if one loses, all lose'. This emphasizes the interconnectedness and shared negative outcomes, similar to '两败俱伤'. It highlights that in a trade war, everyone ultimately suffers.

The globalized economy means that in a trade war, 一损俱损 is almost inevitable.

Neutral/Figurative

Easily Confused

贸易战 vs 贸易摩擦

Both terms relate to disagreements in trade.

'贸易摩擦' (trade friction) is a milder form of dispute, often involving smaller disagreements or irritations in trade relations. '贸易战' (trade war) implies a more severe, escalating conflict with significant retaliatory measures like tariffs and sanctions, impacting economies on a larger scale.

While the two countries had some '贸易摩擦' over agricultural products, it did not escalate into a full-blown '贸易战'.

贸易战 vs 经济制裁

Both can involve restricting trade and economic activity.

'贸易战' specifically focuses on trade barriers (tariffs, quotas) between countries as a form of conflict. '经济制裁' (economic sanctions) are broader penalties imposed by one or more countries on another, often for political or security reasons, and can include freezing assets or banning financial transactions, not just trade restrictions.

The country imposed '经济制裁' on its neighbor due to human rights violations, which indirectly affected their '贸易战' strategies.

贸易战 vs 保护主义

Trade wars often involve protectionist policies.

'保护主义' (protectionism) is an ideology or a set of policies aimed at protecting domestic industries from foreign competition (e.g., through tariffs). A '贸易战' (trade war) is the actual conflict or state of hostility that arises when countries engage in retaliatory protectionist measures against each other. Protectionism can be a cause or a tool of a trade war.

The government's adoption of '保护主义' measures was seen as a key trigger for the ensuing '贸易战'.

贸易战 vs 自由贸易

They are opposite ends of the trade spectrum.

'自由贸易' (free trade) advocates for minimal trade barriers and the free flow of goods and services between countries. A '贸易战' (trade war) is characterized by the imposition of significant trade barriers and restrictions, directly opposing the principles of free trade.

The goal of '自由贸易' agreements is to prevent the kind of conflicts seen in a '贸易战'.

贸易战 vs 经济合作

They represent contrasting approaches to international economic relations.

'经济合作' (economic cooperation) involves countries working together to achieve mutual economic benefits, often through agreements and shared projects. A '贸易战' (trade war) is a state of economic conflict and antagonism, where countries act against each other's economic interests.

Instead of engaging in a '贸易战', the nations decided to pursue '经济合作' to boost regional development.

Sentence Patterns

A2

X 和 Y 之间有 <strong>贸易战</strong>。

美国和中国之间有<strong>贸易战</strong>。

B1

<strong>贸易战</strong> 影响了 (yǐng xiǎng le) [noun phrase]。

<strong>贸易战</strong>影响了全球经济。

B1

为了 (wèi le) [purpose], 他们 <strong>贸易战</strong>。

为了保护国内产业,他们发起了<strong>贸易战</strong>。

B2

<strong>贸易战</strong> 的 <strong>贸易战</strong> 带来的 [noun phrase] 很大。

<strong>贸易战</strong>带来的挑战很大。

B2

分析人士认为 <strong>贸易战</strong> 可能 [verb phrase]。

分析人士认为<strong>贸易战</strong>可能导致通货膨胀。

C1

由 <strong>贸易战</strong> 引发的 [noun phrase] 正在 [verb phrase]。

由<strong>贸易战</strong>引发的保护主义抬头正在重塑全球贸易规则。

C1

这场 <strong>贸易战</strong> 不仅 [clause 1], 也 [clause 2]。

这场<strong>贸易战</strong>不仅损害了两国的经济,也对全球贸易格局产生了深远影响。

C2

鉴于 (jiàn yú) <strong>贸易战</strong> 可能带来的 [noun phrase], [subject] 正在 [verb phrase]。

鉴于<strong>贸易战</strong>可能带来的系统性风险,各国央行正密切关注其对全球金融稳定的潜在影响。

Word Family

Nouns

贸易 (mào yì) - trade
战 (zhàn) - war
关税 (guān shuì) - tariff
经济 (jīng jì) - economy
市场 (shì chǎng) - market

Verbs

贸易 (mào yì) - to trade
开战 (kāi zhàn) - to start a war
征收 (zhēng shōu) - to levy (taxes)
影响 (yǐng xiǎng) - to affect

Adjectives

贸易的 (mào yì de) - trade-related
战争的 (zhàn zhēng de) - war-like
经济的 (jīng jì de) - economic

Related

贸易摩擦 (mào yì mó cā) trade friction
贸易保护主义 (mào yì bǎo hù zhǔ yì) trade protectionism
经济制裁 (jīng jì zhì cái) economic sanctions
国际贸易 (guó jì mào yì) international trade
关税壁垒 (guān shuì bì lěi) tariff barrier

How to Use It

frequency

High in news and economic contexts, medium in general conversation.

Common Mistakes
  • Using '贸易战' to describe any international trade. Use '国际贸易' (international trade) for general trade activities.

    '贸易战' specifically denotes a conflict involving trade barriers and retaliatory actions, not just standard trade. For example, saying '我们正在进行<strong>贸易战</strong>' (We are conducting a trade war) when discussing a trade agreement would be incorrect.

  • Confusing '贸易战' with '贸易摩擦' (trade friction). Use '贸易摩擦' for minor disagreements and '贸易战' for serious conflicts.

    '贸易摩擦' is a milder term for trade disputes. '贸易战' implies a full-blown conflict with significant economic consequences, such as widespread tariffs and sanctions.

  • Overusing '贸易战' for any economic dispute. Reserve '贸易战' for situations with clear trade barriers and retaliatory actions.

    A '贸易战' is a specific type of economic conflict. Not all economic disputes or policy differences between countries qualify as a trade war. Using it too broadly dilutes its meaning.

  • Treating '贸易战' as a verb. Use '贸易战' as a noun, often as the subject or object of a sentence.

    '贸易战' is a noun phrase. You cannot say '国家贸易战' (Country trade wars) as if '贸易战' were a verb. Instead, you would say '国家之间爆发了<strong>贸易战</strong>' (A trade war broke out between countries).

  • Ignoring the 'war' aspect. Understand that '贸易战' implies conflict and antagonism, not just competition.

    The '战' (war) in '贸易战' signifies a struggle with hostile actions and significant negative impacts, not just normal market competition or disagreement.

Tips

Visual Association

Picture two countries literally fighting with tax symbols like weapons. This strong visual of conflict and trade should help you remember the meaning of '贸易战'.

Master the Tones

Practice the tones for 'mào' (4th tone), 'yì' (4th tone), and 'zhàn' (4th tone). Getting the tones right is crucial for clear communication in Chinese, especially with terms like '贸易战' which are often used in serious discussions.

Noun Function

Treat '贸易战' as a noun. It often appears as the subject or object of a sentence, or within prepositional phrases describing its impact or resolution. For example, '这场贸易战...' (This trade war...).

Build Related Terms

As you learn '贸易战', also familiarize yourself with related terms like '关税' (tariff), '保护主义' (protectionism), and '自由贸易' (free trade). Understanding these will provide a richer context for using '贸易战'.

Sentence Building

Try to create your own sentences using '贸易战' based on current events or hypothetical scenarios. This active practice will solidify your understanding and usage.

Understand the Nuance

Be aware that discussions around '贸易战' can be politically charged. In Chinese contexts, it's often discussed with a focus on national strategy and resilience. Consider this cultural perspective when encountering or using the term.

Distinguish from '摩擦'

Remember that '贸易摩擦' (trade friction) is a milder term than '贸易战'. Use '贸易战' for significant conflicts with substantial economic impact, not just everyday trade disagreements.

News Analysis

When you read or hear about international trade disputes in the news, try to identify if the situation described constitutes a '贸易战'. This will help you recognize its usage in real-world contexts.

Explain it Simply

Try to explain what a '贸易战' is in simple terms to someone else. If you can explain it clearly, you've likely mastered its core meaning.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine two countries, each with a big 'T' (for Trade) and a sword (for War) above their heads, facing off aggressively. This visual helps remember that '贸易战' is about trade and conflict.

Visual Association

Picture a tug-of-war rope, but instead of people, it's two national flags pulling. On each side of the rope, there are piles of goods being taxed heavily, and the rope itself is labeled '贸易战'.

Word Web

Trade War Tariff Economy Conflict Barriers Dispute Globalization Protectionism Sanctions Negotiation Market Goods Services Tariff war Economic war Trade dispute Trade friction Economic confrontation

Challenge

Try to explain the concept of a trade war to someone using only simple words, and then try to use the term '贸易战' in a sentence related to current events.

Word Origin

The term '贸易战' (mào yì zhàn) is a direct translation of the English term 'trade war'. It is a compound word formed by combining '贸易' (mào yì), meaning 'trade', and '战' (zhàn), meaning 'war'. This literal construction clearly conveys the meaning of a conflict fought through trade policies.

Original meaning: The components '贸易' (trade) and '战' (war) are standard Chinese words. The combination creates a clear and descriptive term for the concept.

Sino-Tibetan

Cultural Context

The term 'trade war' can be sensitive as it implies conflict and potential harm to economies and livelihoods. It's important to use it accurately and be aware of the potential negative connotations. Discussions should be balanced, acknowledging both the stated reasons for such actions and their widespread consequences.

In English-speaking countries, 'trade war' is a commonly understood term in economic and political discourse. It's often associated with protectionist policies, economic nationalism, and geopolitical competition. News coverage tends to focus on the immediate impacts on consumers, businesses, and international relations.

The US-China trade war initiated in 2018 is a prominent contemporary example. Historical trade disputes between nations, such as those involving tariffs in the early 20th century. Discussions in international forums like the WTO about trade disputes and protectionism.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

International news reports discussing economic disputes between countries.

  • 贸易战的爆发 (mào yì zhàn de bào fā) - outbreak of a trade war
  • 贸易战的影响 (mào yì zhàn de yǐng xiǎng) - impact of the trade war
  • 两国之间的贸易战 (liǎng guó zhī jiān de mào yì zhàn) - trade war between two countries

Political speeches or debates about economic policy and foreign relations.

  • 应对贸易战 (yìng duì mào yì zhàn) - to cope with the trade war
  • 结束贸易战 (jié shù mào yì zhàn) - to end the trade war
  • 避免贸易战 (bì miǎn mào yì zhàn) - to avoid a trade war

Discussions among business professionals about market conditions and global trade.

  • 贸易战带来的挑战 (mào yì zhàn dài lái de tiǎo zhàn) - challenges brought by the trade war
  • 贸易战的代价 (mào yì zhàn de dài jià) - the cost of the trade war
  • 全球贸易战 (quán qiú mào yì zhàn) - global trade war

Academic analysis of international economics and trade theory.

  • 贸易战的根源 (mào yì zhàn de gēn yuán) - the root cause of the trade war
  • 贸易战的长期后果 (mào yì zhàn de cháng qī hòu guǒ) - long-term consequences of the trade war
  • 贸易战与保护主义 (mào yì zhàn yǔ bǎo hù zhǔ yì) - trade war and protectionism

Everyday conversations about rising prices or economic news.

  • 现在的贸易战 (xiàn zài de mào yì zhàn) - the current trade war
  • 贸易战让东西变贵 (mào yì zhàn ràng dōng xi biàn guì) - the trade war makes things more expensive

Conversation Starters

"Have you been following the news about the ongoing trade disputes between major countries?"

"What do you think are the main reasons behind the current trade war?"

"How do you believe the trade war is affecting ordinary people and businesses?"

"Are there any specific products or industries you've noticed being impacted by the trade war?"

"Do you think diplomacy can effectively resolve trade wars, or are they inevitable in global politics?"

Journal Prompts

Reflect on a time you experienced higher prices due to international trade issues. How did it make you feel, and what were your thoughts on the underlying causes?

Imagine you are a government official tasked with navigating a trade war. What would be your primary concerns and strategies for protecting your country's interests?

Write a short story about how a trade war impacts the daily lives of people in two different countries.

Analyze the potential long-term consequences of a prolonged trade war on global economic cooperation and stability.

Consider the role of media in shaping public perception of trade wars. How does the language used influence understanding and opinion?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

A '贸易战' (mào yì zhàn) is a conflict between countries where they impose tariffs and other trade barriers on each other's goods and services. This makes international trade more difficult and expensive. It's essentially a dispute fought through economic means, often involving retaliatory actions.

Countries might engage in a '贸易战' for various reasons. These can include protecting domestic industries from foreign competition, responding to perceived unfair trade practices by another country, using economic leverage to achieve political goals, or addressing national security concerns related to trade.

Trade wars can have significant negative consequences. For businesses, they can lead to increased costs, supply chain disruptions, and reduced export opportunities. For consumers, prices of imported goods often rise, and the overall economy may experience slower growth or even recession. International relations can also be strained.

No, they are not the same. '贸易摩擦' (mào yì mó cā) refers to disagreements or minor disputes in trade relations. A '贸易战' (mào yì zhàn) is a more severe and escalating conflict involving significant retaliatory trade barriers, like tariffs, that have a substantial impact on economies.

Trade wars are typically resolved through negotiation and compromise. Countries involved may engage in dialogue to address the underlying issues, reduce or remove tariffs and barriers, and reach new trade agreements. Sometimes, international organizations like the WTO can play a role in mediating disputes.

A prominent recent example is the '贸易战' between the United States and China, which began with the imposition of tariffs on billions of dollars worth of goods by both sides. This involved various rounds of escalating measures and negotiations.

While tariffs are a primary tool in a '贸易战', it can also involve other trade barriers such as quotas (limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported), non-tariff barriers (like complex regulations or standards), and even other forms of economic sanctions that disrupt trade flows.

Many parties can be affected. Consumers often face higher prices. Businesses, especially those relying on imports or exports, can experience significant disruption and increased costs. Farmers and manufacturers in targeted industries can lose export markets. The overall economy can suffer from reduced growth and investment.

While proponents might argue for short-term benefits like protecting specific domestic industries, the overall consensus among economists is that prolonged trade wars are detrimental to economic growth and stability for all involved countries. The potential benefits are often outweighed by the costs.

'贸易战' is specifically about conflicts arising from trade policies and barriers between countries. '经济制裁' are broader economic penalties imposed for political or security reasons, which can include trade restrictions but also other measures like freezing assets or banning financial transactions.

Test Yourself 210 questions

writing

Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) explaining what a 贸易战 is to someone who has never heard the term before. Use simple language.

Imagine two countries stop trading easily because they disagree about how much tax they should put on each other's products. This disagreement becomes a big fight where they keep adding more taxes. This is like a <strong>贸易战</strong>.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write a sentence using the phrase '贸易战的影响' (mào yì zhàn de yǐng xiǎng) to describe a consequence.

The global economy is feeling the negative <strong>贸易战的影响</strong>.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write a sentence explaining why a country might want to avoid a 贸易战.

Countries want to avoid a <strong>贸易战</strong> because it can harm their economy and make goods more expensive for everyone.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Describe a hypothetical situation where a 贸易战 might occur, using the term '贸易战' in your description.

If Country A suddenly imposed very high tariffs on all goods imported from Country B, and Country B retaliated with similar measures, this could escalate into a <strong>贸易战</strong>.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write a sentence that contrasts 贸易战 with 贸易合作 (mào yì hé zuò - trade cooperation).

Unlike <strong>贸易合作</strong>, a <strong>贸易战</strong> creates barriers and conflict between nations.

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writing

Explain the difference between 贸易战 and 贸易摩擦 in one sentence.

A <strong>贸易战</strong> is a serious conflict with significant retaliatory measures, whereas <strong>贸易摩擦</strong> refers to milder trade disagreements.

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writing

Use the term '贸易战' in a sentence about current events or a hypothetical economic scenario.

The ongoing tensions in the global market suggest that a full-scale <strong>贸易战</strong> is a possibility.

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writing

Write a sentence about the potential negative effects of a 贸易战 on consumers.

Consumers often face higher prices for everyday goods due to the disruptions caused by a <strong>贸易战</strong>.

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writing

Explain briefly why '战' (war) is used in the term 贸易战.

The '战' (war) in <strong>贸易战</strong> signifies the conflict, antagonism, and retaliatory actions taken between countries, rather than simple trade.

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writing

Write a sentence using the phrase '应对贸易战' (yìng duì mào yì zhàn - to cope with a trade war).

Businesses are developing new strategies to <strong>应对贸易战</strong> and its challenges.

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writing

Describe a situation where diplomacy might be used to resolve a 贸易战.

Diplomatic negotiations are crucial for finding a peaceful resolution and ending the <strong>贸易战</strong> between the nations.

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writing

Use the term '贸易战' in a sentence that mentions tariffs.

The imposition of new tariffs was a significant development in the ongoing <strong>贸易战</strong>.

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writing

Write a sentence explaining why a 贸易战 can be harmful to global supply chains.

A <strong>贸易战</strong> disrupts the normal flow of goods, causing delays and increasing costs in global supply chains.

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writing

Use the term '贸易战' in a sentence about its potential impact on economic growth.

Many economists warn that a prolonged <strong>贸易战</strong> could significantly slow down global economic growth.

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writing

Write a sentence contrasting the goals of a 贸易战 with those of 经济合作 (economic cooperation).

While <strong>经济合作</strong> aims to foster mutual benefit, a <strong>贸易战</strong> is characterized by conflict and protectionism.

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writing

Use the phrase '贸易战的代价' (mào yì zhàn de dài jià - the cost of a trade war) in a sentence.

The high <strong>贸易战的代价</strong> is being felt by consumers through increased prices.

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writing

Write a sentence about the '根源' (gēn yuán - root cause) of a 贸易战.

Understanding the <strong>贸易战</strong>'s <strong>根源</strong> is essential for finding a lasting solution.

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writing

Use the term '贸易战' in a sentence discussing protectionism.

The rise of protectionism often leads to or fuels a <strong>贸易战</strong>.

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writing

Write a sentence about the potential for '两败俱伤' (liǎng bài jù shāng - both sides suffer losses) in a 贸易战.

Many fear that the ongoing <strong>贸易战</strong> could result in '两败俱伤' for all involved economies.

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writing

Use the term '贸易战' in a sentence describing its impact on businesses.

International businesses are facing significant challenges and uncertainty due to the current <strong>贸易战</strong>.

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speaking

Describe what a 贸易战 is in one sentence.

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speaking

Say a sentence about the impact of a 贸易战 on consumers.

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How would you express the idea of 'ending a trade war' in Chinese?

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Pronounce the word 贸易战 (mào yì zhàn).

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speaking

Give an example of a country that has been involved in a recent 贸易战.

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What is one reason countries might start a 贸易战?

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Describe the difference between 贸易战 and 贸易摩擦.

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speaking

Say a sentence about the potential negative effects of a 贸易战.

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speaking

How might businesses respond to a 贸易战?

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speaking

Express the idea of 'avoiding a trade war'.

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speaking

What does '两败俱伤' (liǎng bài jù shāng) imply about a 贸易战?

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speaking

Say a sentence about the impact of a 贸易战 on global supply chains.

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speaking

What is the opposite of a 贸易战?

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speaking

Describe the role of tariffs in a 贸易战.

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speaking

How would you express 'the cost of a trade war'?

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speaking

Say a sentence about resolving a 贸易战.

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speaking

What does '旷日持久' (kuàng rì chí jiǔ) mean when describing a 贸易战?

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Express the idea that a 贸易战 can lead to economic recession.

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Say a sentence about the complexity of a 贸易战.

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speaking

How might a 贸易战 affect a country's relationship with others?

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listening

Listen to the audio and choose the correct term: [Audio: 贸易战]

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The audio clearly pronounces 'mào yì zhàn'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and identify the main topic: [Audio: 这场贸易战对全球经济产生了负面影响。]

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The sentence discusses the negative impact of a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and determine if the speaker is describing a trade war or trade cooperation: [Audio: 双方正在互相加征关税,这导致贸易额下降。]

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The audio mentions imposing tariffs and decreasing trade volume, characteristic of a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and choose the correct meaning: [Audio: 专家呼吁避免贸易战。]

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The sentence translates to 'Experts call for avoiding a trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and choose the phrase that best describes the situation: [Audio: 贸易战的根源很复杂。]

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The audio states that the 'root causes' of a 'trade war' are complex.

listening

Listen to the sentence and identify the consequence mentioned: [Audio: 贸易战可能导致全球经济衰退。]

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The sentence warns of the possibility of 'global economic recession' due to a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and determine if the situation described is a '贸易战' or '贸易摩擦': [Audio: 两国在某些商品上存在一些分歧,但并未大规模加征关税。]

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Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The audio describes disagreements on certain goods but no large-scale tariff increases, indicating 'trade friction' rather than a full 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and choose the best translation: [Audio: 结束贸易战需要双方的共同努力。]

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The sentence means 'Ending a trade war requires joint effort from both sides'.

listening

Listen to the audio and identify the primary tool mentioned for a 贸易战: [Audio: 贸易战中,关税是常用的武器。]

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The audio states that 'tariffs' are a common weapon in a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and determine the overall sentiment: [Audio: 这场旷日持久的贸易战让许多企业叫苦不迭。]

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The phrase '叫苦不迭' (jiào kǔ bù dié - complain endlessly) indicates a negative sentiment regarding the prolonged 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and choose the correct term: [Audio: 经济制裁]

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The audio clearly pronounces 'jīng jì zhì cái'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and choose the best paraphrase: [Audio: 贸易战的代价是企业和消费者共同承担的。]

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The sentence states that both businesses and consumers share the 'cost' of the 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and determine what is being discussed: [Audio: 国际货币基金组织警告称,贸易战可能拖累全球经济增长。]

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The sentence discusses the IMF's warning about 'trade wars' affecting 'global economic growth'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and identify the main action: [Audio: 双方正在就贸易战问题进行谈判。]

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The sentence states that both sides are 'negotiating' (谈判) over the 'trade war' issue.

listening

Listen to the audio and choose the correct term: [Audio: 保护主义]

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The audio clearly pronounces 'bǎo hù zhǔ yì'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and determine the relationship between 贸易战 and 关税: [Audio: 贸易战的核心就是关税的相互加征。]

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The sentence states that 'tariffs' are the core of a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and choose the correct meaning of '旷日持久' (kuàng rì chí jiǔ): [Audio: 旷日持久]

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Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The audio pronounces 'kuàng rì chí jiǔ', meaning long-lasting.

listening

Listen to the sentence and identify the outcome mentioned: [Audio: 贸易战可能导致全球经济碎片化。]

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Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The sentence mentions 'global economic fragmentation' as a result of a 'trade war'.

listening

Listen to the audio and choose the correct term: [Audio: 贸易摩擦]

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Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The audio clearly pronounces 'mào yì mó cā'.

listening

Listen to the sentence and determine the main concern: [Audio: 持续的贸易战让企业面临巨大的经营风险。]

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Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:

The sentence highlights 'significant operating risks' for businesses due to the 'trade war'.

/ 210 correct

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