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学習統計
CEFRレベル
難易度
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[dramatic music playing]
[Michael] This is McGill University
in Montreal, Canada.
It boasts an enrollment of more than 40,000 students
from 150 countries.
The campus employs 1,700 professors
teaching 300 programs of study,
and it's proud to be home to 12 Nobel Prize winners.
It is considered one of the finest
research universities in the world.
Recently, researchers at McGill have embarked on a study
that uses a brain scanning device to read people's minds
and implant thoughts into their heads.
Or so their subjects think.
Now, the same device may be able to help kids with ADHD,
anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
migraines, Tourette's and more.
This study is not about technology.
The MRI machine behind me may look impressive,
but it's a sham.
It's deactivated, nonfunctioning.
What this study is really about
is faith in science.
It's about the power of thoughts to heal.
All you need is the power of suggestion.
[theme music playing]
A placebo is something that shouldn't work,
but due to the power of suggestion
and because of the strength of our belief, does.
But we don't fully understand yet how they work.
There could be an evolutionary explanation.
For example, if a small child hurts themselves,
negative symptoms like pain and crying can be good.
They keep the child safe and still
while signaling adults to come help.
When help arrives,
even if it has no active effect,
the child's brain may feel
it has permission to redirect
resources away from seeking help
and onto actually healing.
Modern medicine has found a way to harness this power
by prescribing placebos.
But not all placebos work the same.
For example, a sugar pill will help your headache more
if given to you by a doctor
than by a poker buddy.
And the color of the placebo matters, too.
A blue pill will work to make you feel calm
better than a white pill
because blue is a more calming color.
And a red pill will keep you awake
and give you more energy
than a blue pill will.
A capsule will work better than a pill
because it looks more important.
Also, an injection will work better than a capsule
because it seems more serious
and potent.
There's even evidence that fake or sham surgeries
have positive effects.
It may be fake medicine,
but the effects can be real.
And not just because the patient feels better psychologically.
We're talking real physical healing,
thanks to the power of the brain.
I traveled to Montreal
to meet local children struggling
with debilitating behavioral
and neurological conditions
who would soon find out whether their afflictions
could be cured by the power of suggestion.
-This is Malaya. -Hi.
Malaya. I'm Michael. Nice to meet you.
Twelve-year-old Malaya suffers from a common
skin ailment, eczema.
But she has also developed
a skin picking disorder, dermatillomania.
You're starting high school what, like this year?
Early September.
Wow, that's a big step.
So, what kind of things, like, worry you,
uh, given the symptoms that you have?
Probably the picking.
-Of your skin? -[Malaya] Yeah.
I don't know, I find it satisfying to pick.
It's kind of gross.
Why do you think you can't stop?
I'm not sure.
Have you tried different things
that'll help you stop?
Yeah. Like, in my mind,
I'm just like, "Today you won't pick.
You are gonna get rid of this eczema."
And then after, I'm just like,
"Oh, wait. My face is, like, bleeding."
-Yeah. Is it embarrassing? -Yeah.
I like to wear long sleeves because my arms are, like,
if they're really bad, I'm gonna try to wear long sleeves.
How are your arms now?
It's, like, really bad. So, as you can see--
And it's all just from scratching and picking?
Yeah.
Twelve-year-old Nicholas was troubled
by debilitating migraine headaches.
So, what do you wanna be when you grow up?
Like, I really, really wanna be,
uh, probably like an NHL or an MLB player,
one of those two.
Nicholas's love of sports is unfortunately also
the original source of his suffering.
Nice.
My first head injury, which was concussion,
I hit my head on a soccer post.
And then I hit my head in a game of, uh, hockey.
Uh, after that, I had headaches every single day.
I was throwing up, having auras--
they're like, uh, colors
that you see before you have a headache.
I wasn't able to go to school,
and then we went to the hospital
and into their concussion program.
Can I see his migraine chart?
Oh, sure. Yeah. We have almost two years' worth.
Severe headaches here, severe migraines.
-[Michael] Every day? -[Danielle] Every single day.
This has turned his world upside down.
Nathan was diagnosed with ADHD
and impulse control disorder.
I'd love to hear especially about you, Nathan.
First of all, how old are you?
-Nine. -[Michael] Nine.
-How old you are? -[Michael] How old do you think I am?
-Thirty. -That's a very good guess.
-I'm 31. -Ooh.
So, tell me about, like, before Nathan's diagnosis.
What were kind of the symptoms you were seeing?
Tantrums all the time, um,
just an inability to reach him,
to communicate to him, to connect to him,
that was the main symptom.
And what did you think of this, Nathan?
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