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B1 noun #4,000 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

انتهاك

intihak Top 4,000

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At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'انتهاك' (intihāk) often, but you might see it in simple signs or news headlines. Think of it simply as a very formal way to say 'breaking a rule.' In English, we might say 'Stop! No breaking the rules.' In formal Arabic, they use this word. It is a noun. For example, if you see 'انتهاك القانون' (intihāk al-qānūn), it just means 'breaking the law.' At this stage, focus on recognizing the word when you see it in a list of 'bad actions.' It starts with an 'I' sound and has a 'k' sound at the end. It is a long word, which usually tells you it is important or formal. You won't use it in a restaurant, but you might see it on a poster about rules in a library or a park.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to understand that 'انتهاك' is used for serious things. It is not for breaking a glass or breaking a pencil. It is for 'breaking' things you cannot touch, like a rule or a promise. You might learn the phrase 'انتهاك الخصوصية' (intihāk al-khuṣūṣiyya), which means 'violation of privacy.' This is a common topic today. When you talk about someone looking at your phone without permission, that is an 'intihāk.' You should know that this word is a noun. If you want to say 'He violated,' you use a different but related word: 'intahaka.' For now, just remember that 'intihāk' is the name of the act. It is a serious word used in news and formal papers. It is part of a 'word family' that comes from a root meaning 'to wear out' or 'to exhaust.'

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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use 'انتهاك' in your writing and speaking when discussing social issues or news. You should understand that it is a 'Masdar' (verbal noun) of the Form VIII verb. This word is essential for describing 'violations of human rights' (انتهاك حقوق الإنسان). You should notice how it is used in an 'Idafa' construction—meaning it is followed directly by the thing being violated without any extra words. For example, 'intihāk as-siyāda' (violation of sovereignty). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'mukhālafa' (a minor infraction). If you are writing an essay about the internet, you might write about 'intihāk al-khuṣūṣiyya' (privacy violation). It adds a level of seriousness and professional tone to your Arabic that simpler words like 'kasr' (breaking) cannot provide.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'انتهاك' with nuance. You should be familiar with common collocations like 'انتهاك صارخ' (a flagrant violation) or 'انتهاك مستمر' (a continuous violation). You should understand its use in legal and political discourse, such as in the context of international treaties or constitutional law. You should also be comfortable using the plural form 'انتهاكات' (intihākāt) to describe a series of events. At this level, you should start to see the connection between the root 'n-h-k' (meaning to exhaust or wear down) and the concept of a violation—how a violation 'wears down' the integrity of a law or a person's dignity. You should be able to participate in a debate and use this word to condemn certain actions formally.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'انتهاك' should include its metaphorical and historical depth. You should be able to use it in academic writing to discuss the 'violation of sanctities' (انتهاك الحرمات) or the 'violation of the body's integrity.' You should be able to compare it to synonyms like 'خرق' (breach), 'تجاوز' (transgression), and 'إخلال' (dereliction), choosing the exact word that fits the context. For instance, you would know that 'إخلال بالعقد' is more appropriate for a commercial contract, while 'انتهاك' is better for human rights. Your use of the word should reflect an understanding of its weight in the Arab political consciousness, especially regarding issues of sovereignty and justice. You should also be able to recognize the word in classical or highly literary texts where it might describe the 'exhaustion' of a body (the original root meaning).

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'انتهاك' in all its complexities. You can use it to discuss abstract philosophical concepts, such as the 'violation of the social contract' or the 'infringement of ontological boundaries.' You understand the subtle rhetorical power the word carries in political speeches to incite emotion or demand justice. You are familiar with its appearances in high-level legal documents, international arbitration, and complex journalistic analysis. You can effortlessly switch between the noun 'انتهاك,' the verb 'انتهك,' and the active participle 'منتهِك' (violator) or passive participle 'منتهَك' (violated/desecrated). Your command of the word allows you to use it in a way that resonates with native speakers' cultural and legal sensibilities, recognizing when the word acts as a powerful indictment of an action.

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انتهاك in 30 Sekunden

Intihak is a formal Arabic noun meaning 'violation' or 'infringement.'
It is used for serious breaches of laws, rights, privacy, or sanctities.
It comes from the root n-h-k, meaning to exhaust or wear out.
Commonly found in news, legal documents, and human rights reports.

The Arabic word انتهاك (intihāk) is a powerful and formal noun derived from the root ن-ه-ك (n-h-k). In its most literal linguistic origin, the root refers to the act of exhausting, wearing out, or reaching the utmost limit of something. However, in modern usage, especially in legal, political, and social contexts, it has evolved to mean a 'violation,' 'infringement,' or 'breach.' When you use this word, you are not just describing a simple mistake; you are describing the crossing of a sacred or legal boundary that should have been respected. It implies a certain level of gravity and often carries a moral or legal condemnation.

Legal Context: In the realm of law and international relations, انتهاك is the standard term for a breach of treaty, a violation of human rights, or an infringement on national sovereignty. It is the word used in United Nations reports and court rulings.

يعتبر هذا الفعل انتهاكاً صارخاً للقانون الدولي.

Translation: This act is considered a flagrant violation of international law.

Beyond the courtroom, انتهاك is frequently used in the context of personal boundaries and digital ethics. For instance, 'انتهاك الخصوصية' (violation of privacy) is a common phrase in the age of social media and data tracking. It suggests that someone's personal space or data has been 'invaded' or 'stripped' of its protection. The word carries an inherent sense of 'stripping away' protection, much like the original root meant wearing away a garment until it is thin. When a right is violated, its protective power is weakened or ignored.

Social/Moral Context: It is also used for the desecration of holy sites or the breaking of social taboos. To 'violate the sanctity' of a place is expressed as انتهاك حرمة.

لا يمكننا قبول أي انتهاك لخصوصية المستخدمين.

Translation: We cannot accept any violation of users' privacy.

Nuance Comparison: While مخالفة (mukhālafa) might refer to a minor traffic ticket, انتهاك refers to the undermining of a fundamental principle or right. It is heavy, serious, and carries weight in any discussion.

This word is essential for anyone reading Arabic news or studying political science in the Arab world, as it appears daily in headlines regarding global conflicts and civil rights.

Using انتهاك correctly requires understanding its role as a verbal noun (masdar). It typically functions as the subject or object in a sentence, and it is very frequently followed by an 'Idafa' construction (possessive structure) to specify what exactly is being violated. For example, you wouldn't just say 'There was a violation'; you would almost always say 'There was a violation *of* something.'

تم رصد انتهاكات عديدة لحقوق الطفل في تلك المنطقة.

Translation: Numerous violations of children's rights were monitored in that region.

When constructing sentences, you will often find انتهاك paired with verbs like يشكل (constitutes), يمثل (represents), or يرفض (rejects). Because it is a noun, it can be pluralized to انتهاكات (intihākāt) to refer to multiple instances of breaches. This is common in human rights reports where a series of different actions are categorized under one umbrella of misconduct.

Grammar Tip: The Idafa: Always follow انتهاك with the noun that is being violated. انتهاك + [The Law/The Right/The Privacy]. No preposition like 'of' is needed in Arabic because the possessive structure handles it.

يُعد التجسس انتهاكاً لسيادة الدولة.

Translation: Spying is considered a violation of state sovereignty.

Subject vs. Object: As a subject: الانتهاك مرفوض (The violation is rejected). As an object: ندين هذا الانتهاك (We condemn this violation).

One interesting use case is in the passive voice. You might see تم انتهاك (Was violated). This is a common way in modern standard Arabic to express that something was breached without necessarily naming the perpetrator immediately. It focuses the attention on the act itself and the victim's rights.

هل تعتقد أن هذا القرار يمثل انتهاكاً للدستور؟

Translation: Do you think this decision represents a violation of the constitution?

If you turn on any major Arabic news channel like Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya, or BBC Arabic, you will hear انتهاك within the first ten minutes of the broadcast. It is the 'bread and butter' of political journalism. Journalists use it to describe everything from ceasefire breaches to the mistreatment of prisoners. It provides a formal, objective-sounding tone that is necessary for reporting on sensitive or controversial events.

In News Headlines: Headlines often look like: 'الأمم المتحدة تدين انتهاكات حقوق الإنسان' (The UN condemns human rights violations). It is almost always pluralized in these contexts to indicate a pattern of behavior.

حدث انتهاك لاتفاقية وقف إطلاق النار فجر اليوم.

Translation: A violation of the ceasefire agreement occurred at dawn today.

You will also encounter this word in the technology and business sections of newspapers. With the rise of the digital economy, 'انتهاك حقوق الطبع والنشر' (copyright infringement) and 'انتهاك البيانات' (data breach/violation) have become standard terminology. If you are signing a contract or reading terms of service in Arabic, you will see sections detailing what happens in the event of an انتهاك of the terms.

In Academic Lectures: Professors of law, sociology, and political science use انتهاك to discuss the erosion of democratic norms or the failure of institutions to protect citizens.

التحرش الجنسي هو انتهاك لكرامة الإنسان وجسده.

Translation: Sexual harassment is a violation of human dignity and body.

Finally, in more spiritual or traditional settings, you might hear about انتهاك حرمة المساجد (violating the sanctity of mosques). Here, the word takes on a more emotional and religious weight, suggesting a deep disrespect for something holy. This versatility—from a data breach to a religious desecration—makes it a vital word for any advanced learner.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing انتهاك (intihāk) with مخالفة (mukhālafa). While both can be translated as 'violation' or 'infraction,' they are not interchangeable. مخالفة is generally used for minor rules, like traffic violations or small administrative errors. If you use مخالفة to describe a human rights abuse, you are severely understating the gravity of the situation. Conversely, using انتهاك for a parking ticket sounds overly dramatic and linguistically incorrect.

The Preposition Trap: English speakers often want to add a preposition after 'انتهاك' because we say 'violation *of*.' In Arabic, the 'of' is built into the Idafa structure. You simply place the two nouns together. Don't say انتهاك في الحقوق; say انتهاك الحقوق.

خطأ: هذا مخالفة لحقوق الإنسان. (Too weak)
صح: هذا انتهاك لحقوق الإنسان. (Correct gravity)

Another mistake is confusing it with اعتداء (i'tidā'). While اعتداء means 'assault' or 'attack' and is often the *method* of a violation, انتهاك is the *result* or the *categorical description* of the breach. For example, an 'attack' (اعتداء) on a border is an 'infringement' (انتهاك) of sovereignty. Use اعتداء for physical actions and انتهاك for the legal/moral concept of the boundary being crossed.

Formality Level: Learners sometimes try to use انتهاك in very casual conversation about a friend 'violating' a promise. While technically possible, it usually sounds too formal for a coffee shop chat. In that case, خلف (khulaf) or نقض (naqd) for 'breaking' a promise is better.

Finally, remember that انتهاك is a noun. If you want to use the verb 'to violate,' you should use the Form VIII verb انتهك (intahaka). Beginners often forget to conjugate and try to use the noun as a verb. 'He violated the law' is انتهك القانون, not هو انتهاك القانون.

Arabic is a language of incredible precision, and there are several words that share a semantic field with انتهاك. Choosing the right one depends on the nature of the thing being 'broken.' Understanding these differences will elevate your Arabic from functional to sophisticated.

انتهاك vs. خرق (Kharq): خرق literally means 'to pierce' or 'to tear.' It is most commonly used for 'breaching' an agreement, a treaty, or a wall. While انتهاك is used for rights and sanctities, خرق is the go-to word for 'breaking' a silence or 'breaching' a contract.

تم خرق الهدنة بعد ساعات من توقيعها.

Translation: The truce was breached hours after it was signed.

انتهاك vs. تجاوز (Tajāwuz): تجاوز means 'to cross' or 'to exceed.' It is used when someone goes beyond their authority or 'oversteps' a limit. It is slightly less aggressive than انتهاك. You might 'overstep' (تجاوز) your budget, but you 'violate' (انتهاك) a person's rights.

انتهاك vs. تدنيس (Tadnīs): تدنيس means 'desecration' or 'defilement.' It is specifically reserved for religious or highly sacred contexts. While انتهاك can be used for a law, تدنيس is used for a holy book or a graveyard.

In summary, choose انتهاك for rights, privacy, and sovereignty. Choose خرق for agreements and physical barriers. Choose تجاوز for limits and authority. Choose مخالفة for minor rules. This precision is what makes Arabic such a rich language for legal and philosophical discourse.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

"ندين بشدة هذا الانتهاك الصارخ للأعراف الدولية."

Neutral

"يؤدي انتهاك القوانين إلى مشاكل قانونية."

Informell

"ما فعلته هو انتهاك لخصوصيتي!"

Child friendly

"كسر القواعد هو انتهاك للنظام في المدرسة."

Umgangssprache

"N/A"

Wusstest du?

The transition from 'exhaustion' to 'violation' is a beautiful linguistic metaphor. It suggests that when you violate a law or a right, you are 'wearing away' its protective power and stripping the victim of their dignity, leaving them 'exhausted' or 'exposed.'

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ɪntiˈhɑːk/

US /ɪntiˈhɑk/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: in-ti-HĀK.

Reimt sich auf

إدراك (Idrak - realization) هلاك (Halak - destruction) ملاك (Malak - angel) سواك (Siwak - tooth-stick) هناك (Hunak - there) شباك (Shubbak - window) ارتباك (Irtibak - confusion) اشتباك (Ishtibak - clash)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the 'h' (ه) as a 'kh' (خ) or 'h' (ح). It should be a light breathy 'h' like in 'house'.
Shortening the long 'aa' sound in the last syllable.
Missing the 't' sound and saying 'inihak'.
Using a soft 'g' instead of the sharp 'k' at the end.
Confusing the starting 'i' with an 'a' sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize in news headlines once learned.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires correct Idafa structure and spelling of the 'h' and 'k'.

Sprechen 4/5

The pronunciation of the middle 'h' must be distinct from 'h' or 'kh'.

Hören 3/5

Common in formal broadcasts; easy to pick out.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

قانون (Law) حق (Right) كسر (Break) ممنوع (Forbidden) حرية (Freedom)

Als Nächstes lernen

سيادة (Sovereignty) دستور (Constitution) عقوبة (Punishment) عدالة (Justice) محكمة (Court)

Fortgeschritten

استباحة (Making something permissible/desecration) اجتراء (Audacity/Daring to violate) تعدي (Encroachment) جور (Injustice/Oppression)

Wichtige Grammatik

Form VIII Masdar Pattern

Pattern: If-ti-'aal (اِفتعال). Word: In-ti-hak (انتهاك).

Idafa Construction

انتهاكُ القانونِ (Violation of the law). No 'of' needed.

Tanween for Accusative Case

يعتبر انتهاكاً (It is considered [as] a violation).

Pluralization (Sound Feminine Plural)

انتهاك -> انتهاكات (Adding -at).

Passive with 'Tam'

تم انتهاك السيادة (The sovereignty was violated).

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Beispiele nach Niveau

هذا انتهاك للقانون.

This is a violation of the law.

Simple noun-adjective structure.

لا تحب انتهاك القواعد.

She does not like breaking the rules.

Object of the verb 'to like'.

انتهاك الخصوصية سيء.

Privacy violation is bad.

Idafa construction (Violation of Privacy).

هل هذا انتهاك؟

Is this a violation?

Interrogative sentence.

الانتهاك ممنوع هنا.

Violation is forbidden here.

Subject of the sentence.

أنا أرفض أي انتهاك.

I reject any violation.

Verb + Object.

هذا انتهاك بسيط.

This is a simple violation.

Noun + Adjective.

ما هو الانتهاك؟

What is the violation?

Question word + Noun.

التجسس هو انتهاك للخصوصية.

Spying is a violation of privacy.

Defining a concept.

يجب منع انتهاك حقوق الحيوان.

Violation of animal rights must be prevented.

Passive meaning with 'preventing'.

رأيت انتهاكاً في الحديقة.

I saw a violation in the park.

Accusative case (Tanween Fatha).

هذا انتهاك واضح للاتفاق.

This is a clear violation of the agreement.

Adjective 'clear' modifying the noun.

نحن ندرس انتهاكات الماضي.

We are studying the violations of the past.

Plural form 'intihakat'.

لا تقبل بانتهاك حقوقك.

Do not accept the violation of your rights.

Preposition 'bi' before the noun.

هناك انتهاك في هذا العقد.

There is a violation in this contract.

Existential 'there is'.

كيف حدث هذا الانتهاك؟

How did this violation happen?

Past tense verb + Subject.

يُعتبر هذا التصرف انتهاكاً لحقوق الإنسان.

This behavior is considered a violation of human rights.

Passive verb 'yu'tabar' + object.

التقرير يتحدث عن انتهاكات صارخة.

The report talks about flagrant violations.

Plural noun + strong adjective.

علينا حماية البيانات من أي انتهاك.

We must protect data from any violation.

Protecting 'from' (min).

انتهاك السيادة الوطنية أمر مرفوض.

Violation of national sovereignty is rejected.

Abstract political subject.

هل هناك دليل على هذا الانتهاك؟

Is there evidence for this violation?

Preposition 'ala' (on/for).

تم توثيق انتهاكات عديدة في الحرب.

Many violations were documented in the war.

Passive 'tam' + masdar construction.

هذا القرار يشكل انتهاكاً للدستور.

This decision constitutes a violation of the constitution.

Verb 'yushakkil' (constitutes).

لا يمكن تبرير انتهاك حرمة البيوت.

Violation of the sanctity of homes cannot be justified.

Double Idafa: violation of sanctity of homes.

أدانت المنظمة انتهاك حرية الصحافة.

The organization condemned the violation of press freedom.

Formal verb 'adana' (condemned).

يؤدي انتهاك القوانين إلى الفوضى.

Violation of laws leads to chaos.

Causal relationship with 'yu'addi ila'.

المحكمة تحقق في انتهاكات العمل.

The court is investigating labor violations.

Verb 'tuhaqqiq' (investigate).

يجب وضع حد لانتهاكات حقوق الملكية.

An end must be put to violations of property rights.

Idiom 'wada' hadd' (put an end).

التلوث هو انتهاك لحقنا في بيئة نظيفة.

Pollution is a violation of our right to a clean environment.

Complex right description.

هناك قلق دولي بشأن انتهاكات الأقليات.

There is international concern regarding violations against minorities.

Preposition 'bish'an' (regarding).

يعاقب القانون على أي انتهاك للسرية.

The law punishes any violation of confidentiality.

Verb 'yu'aqib' (punishes).

إن انتهاك العهود يدمر الثقة بين الناس.

Indeed, the violation of covenants destroys trust between people.

Starting with 'Inna' for emphasis.

يمثل هذا الإجراء انتهاكاً سافراً للأعراف الدبلوماسية.

This measure represents a blatant violation of diplomatic norms.

High-level vocabulary: 'safiran' (blatant).

تتفاقم الأزمة بسبب الانتهاكات المنهجية للقانون.

The crisis is worsening due to systematic violations of the law.

Adjective 'manhajiyya' (systematic).

لا يجوز التذرع بالظروف لتبرير انتهاك الكرامة.

It is not permissible to use circumstances as an excuse to justify the violation of dignity.

Complex verbal phrase 'la yajuz al-tadharru' (it is not permissible to excuse).

تعمل الجمعية على رصد انتهاكات حقوق المرأة.

The association works on monitoring violations of women's rights.

Gerund 'rasd' (monitoring).

هذا الفعل يعد انتهاكاً لحرمة الحياة الخاصة.

This act is considered a violation of the sanctity of private life.

Formal phrase 'hurmat al-hayat al-khassa'.

لقد سئم الشعب من انتهاكات السلطة المستمرة.

The people have grown tired of the continuous violations of the authorities.

Verb 'sa'ima' (to be tired of).

تعتبر محكمة العدل الدولية هذا انتهاكاً للسيادة.

The International Court of Justice considers this a violation of sovereignty.

Subject is a major institution.

إن أي انتهاك للمجال الجوي سيقابل بالرد.

Any violation of the airspace will be met with a response.

Future passive 'sayuqabal'.

يُشكل الاستيطان انتهاكاً جسيماً لاتفاقية جنيف الرابعة.

Settlement construction constitutes a grave violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention.

Specific legal reference.

تتجلى خطورة هذا الانتهاك في تقويضه لأسس العدالة.

The danger of this violation is manifested in its undermining of the foundations of justice.

High-level verb 'tatajalla' (manifest).

لا يمكن السكوت عن انتهاك المقبرة التاريخية.

The violation of the historical cemetery cannot be met with silence.

Passive expression 'la yumkin al-sukut'.

إن انتهاك قدسية النص الأدبي يفقده معناه.

The violation of the sanctity of the literary text makes it lose its meaning.

Metaphorical use in literature.

يجب التمييز بين الخطأ الإجرائي والانتهاك المتعمد.

A distinction must be made between a procedural error and a deliberate violation.

Infinitive 'al-tamyiz' (distinguishing).

أدى الانتهاك السافر للبروتوكول إلى أزمة دبلوماسية.

The blatant violation of the protocol led to a diplomatic crisis.

Causal link.

تعتبر الفلسفة الأخلاقية الكذب انتهاكاً للعلاقة الإنسانية.

Moral philosophy considers lying a violation of the human relationship.

Philosophical context.

يظل انتهاك الحقوق وصمة عار في جبين الإنسانية.

The violation of rights remains a stain of shame on the forehead of humanity.

Highly rhetorical/metaphorical.

Synonyme

خرق تعدي مخالفة تجاوز

Gegenteile

احترام التزام صيانة

Häufige Kollokationen

انتهاك صارخ

انتهاك الخصوصية

انتهاك حقوق الإنسان

انتهاك السيادة

انتهاك حرمة

انتهاك المجال الجوي

انتهاك الدستور

انتهاك البيانات

انتهاك جسيم

انتهاك حقوق الطبع

Häufige Phrasen

بسبب انتهاك القوانين

— Because of violating the laws. Used to explain a punishment.

تم طرده بسبب انتهاك القوانين.

أي شكل من أشكال الانتهاك

— Any form of violation. Used for broad legal statements.

نرفض أي شكل من أشكال الانتهاك.

وقف الانتهاكات

— Stopping the violations. A common demand in protests.

يجب وقف الانتهاكات فوراً.

ضحايا الانتهاكات

— Victims of violations. Used in human rights reports.

نحن نساعد ضحايا الانتهاكات.

محاسبة المسؤولين عن الانتهاك

— Holding those responsible for the violation accountable.

يجب محاسبة المسؤولين عن الانتهاك.

انتهاك للثقة

— A violation of trust. Used in personal or professional contexts.

كذبك هو انتهاك للثقة.

منع الانتهاكات

— Preventing violations. Focused on proactive measures.

القانون يهدف إلى منع الانتهاكات.

توثيق الانتهاكات

— Documenting violations. Used by NGOs and journalists.

بدأت المنظمة بتوثيق الانتهاكات.

انتهاك سافر

— A blatant or shameless violation. Very strong formal term.

ما حدث هو انتهاك سافر.

في حالة الانتهاك

— In case of violation. Common in contract terms.

في حالة الانتهاك، سيتم إلغاء العقد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

انتهاك vs مخالفة

Mukhālafa is for minor rules (like traffic); Intihāk is for serious rights or laws.

انتهاك vs اعتداء

I'tidā' is an attack/assault (the action); Intihāk is the violation (the category of the breach).

انتهاك vs خرق

Kharq is specifically for treaties, agreements, or physical barriers.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"انتهاك حرمة البيت"

— Violating the sanctity of the home. It means entering someone's home without permission or causing trouble inside it.

دخولك دون إذن هو انتهاك لحرمة البيت.

Formal/Legal

"انتهاك صارخ للحقوق"

— A flagrant violation of rights. Used when a violation is obvious and cannot be ignored.

ما تفعله الشركة هو انتهاك صارخ للحقوق.

Formal

"انتهاك عرض"

— A very serious idiom/legal term referring to sexual assault or violating someone's honor.

القانون يعاقب بشدة على انتهاك العرض.

Formal/Sensitive

"انتهاك سيادة القانون"

— Violating the rule of law. Used when the justice system itself is undermined.

هذا القرار يمثل انتهاكاً لسيادة القانون.

Political/Legal

"انتهاك قدسية"

— Violating the holiness of something. Can be religious or metaphorical (like the sanctity of marriage).

هذا التصرف فيه انتهاك لقدسية الزواج.

Formal/Moral

"انتهاك للروح"

— A violation of the spirit (of a law or agreement). When the letter of the law is kept but the intent is broken.

هذا التفسير هو انتهاك لروح القانون.

Legal/Academic

"انتهاك المجال"

— Violating the space/sphere. Often used for airspace or territorial waters.

تم تسجيل انتهاك للمجال البحري.

Technical/Military

"انتهاك الصمت"

— Violating the silence. Sometimes used poetically to mean making a noise or speaking out.

صرخته كانت انتهاكاً لصمت الليل.

Literary

"انتهاك الحقوق المشروعة"

— Violation of legitimate rights. A standard phrase in political demands.

نطالب بوقف انتهاك الحقوق المشروعة.

Formal

"انتهاك الأمانة"

— Violation of trust/fiduciary duty. Used when someone betrays a responsibility.

سرقة المال هي انتهاك للأمانة.

Formal/Moral

Leicht verwechselbar

انتهاك vs انتباه

Similar looking prefix and structure.

Intibah means 'attention' or 'noticing,' while Intihak means 'violation.' One is positive/neutral, the other is negative.

يرجى الانتباه (Please pay attention) vs يرجى عدم انتهاك القوانين (Please do not violate the laws).

انتهاك vs انتخاب

Both are Form VIII masdars starting with 'Inti-'.

Intikhab means 'election' or 'selection.' It has a 'kh' (خ) and a 'b' (ب) instead of 'h' (ه) and 'k' (ك).

موعد الانتخابات (Election date) vs رصد الانتهاكات (Monitoring violations).

انتهاك vs انبعاث

Starts with 'In-' and ends with a similar rhythmic structure.

Inbi'ath means 'emission' (like CO2) or 'resurrection.' It refers to something coming out/rising.

انبعاث الغازات (Gas emissions) vs انتهاك الحقوق (Violation of rights).

انتهاك vs انحطاط

Both are negative formal nouns starting with 'In-'.

Inhitat means 'decline' or 'degradation' (social or moral). It describes a downward state, not a specific act of breaking a rule.

انحطاط الأخلاق (Degradation of morals) vs انتهاك الأخلاق (Violation of morals - implies a specific act).

انتهاك vs انتهى

Same first four letters (in the past tense verb form).

Intaha means 'to end' or 'to finish.' Intahaka (the verb of intihak) means 'to violate.'

انتهى الوقت (Time is up) vs انتهك الوقت (He violated the time - though rare, used for breaking a time-bound rule).

Satzmuster

هذا انتهاك لـ [Noun]

هذا انتهاك للقانون.

[Noun] هو انتهاك لـ [Noun]

التجسس هو انتهاك للخصوصية.

يُعتبر [Noun] انتهاكاً لـ [Noun]

يُعتبر هذا التصرف انتهاكاً للحقوق.

أدانت [Organization] انتهاك [Noun]

أدانت الأمم المتحدة انتهاك السيادة.

يمثل هذا [Noun] انتهاكاً صارخاً لـ [Noun]

يمثل هذا القرار انتهاكاً صارخاً للدستور.

تم توثيق [Plural Noun] عديدة

تم توثيق انتهاكات عديدة.

لا يمكن تبرير [Noun] تحت أي ظرف

لا يمكن تبرير انتهاك الكرامة تحت أي ظرف.

أدى [Noun] إلى [Result]

أدى انتهاك البروتوكول إلى أزمة.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

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frequency

Very high in news, legal contexts, and formal writing.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'Intihak' for minor errors. → Using 'Mukhālafa' for minor errors.
Intihak is for serious breaches. Using it for a small mistake sounds exaggerated.
Adding 'min' (from) or 'li' (to) after 'Intihak' to mean 'of'. → Using a direct Idafa (Intihak al-Qanun).
In Arabic, the possessive relationship is shown by putting the nouns together, not with a preposition.
Pronouncing 'h' (ه) as 'kh' (خ). → Pronouncing it as a soft 'h' like in 'hello'.
Changing the 'h' sound can change the root and make the word unrecognizable.
Using 'Intihak' as a verb without change. → Using 'Intahaka' as the verb.
Intihak is the noun (violation). Intahaka is the verb (to violate). You must conjugate the verb.
Confusing 'Intihak' with 'I'tida' (assault). → Use 'I'tida' for the physical act and 'Intihak' for the legal breach.
They are related but distinct; one is the action, the other is the violation of the right.

Tipps

Master the Idafa

Remember that 'Intihak' is a noun that almost always 'owns' the next noun. Don't put 'min' or 'fi' after it if you are saying 'violation of...'. Just put the nouns side-by-side.

Gravity Matters

Save 'Intihak' for serious things. If you use it for a friend being five minutes late, it sounds like you are accusing them of a war crime! Use 'ta'khir' (delay) instead.

The Breathy 'H'

The 'h' in the middle (ه) is like a sigh of relief. Make sure it is clear and not raspy like the 'kh' sound, as that would change the word.

Watch the News

The best way to learn 'Intihak' is to watch five minutes of Arabic news. You will hear it used with 'huquq' (rights) or 'siyada' (sovereignty) almost immediately.

Plural for Reports

If you are writing a report or an essay, use the plural 'انتهاكات' (intihākāt) to sound more professional when discussing multiple incidents.

The Hack Connection

Associate 'Inti-hak' with 'In-the-hack'. A data breach is a 'hack' and also an 'Intihak' of privacy. This helps remember both the sound and the meaning.

Constitutional Use

When discussing government actions, 'انتهاك الدستور' (violating the constitution) is the most powerful phrase you can use to describe illegal state acts.

Trust and Promises

While formal, you can use 'انتهاك الثقة' to describe a deep betrayal of trust in a relationship, showing that the bond was 'sacred' to you.

Root Recognition

Whenever you see the letters N-H-K in a long word, think about 'exhaustion' or 'crossing a limit.' This helps you guess the meaning of related words.

Use with 'Sarikh'

Pairing 'Intihak' with 'Sarikh' (صارخ - flagrant) is the ultimate way to sound like a native legal expert or journalist. It means 'a screaming violation'.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'In-Tea-Hack'. If someone hacks into your tea party without an invitation, it is an 'Intihak' (violation) of your privacy! The 'hak' at the end sounds like 'hack'.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a red 'Stop' tape being cut or a person stepping over a bright glowing line that represents a law. That crossing of the line is the 'Intihak'.

Word Web

Law Rights Privacy Breach Sovereignty Sanctity Desecration Infringement

Herausforderung

Try to find three news headlines today that contain the word 'انتهاك'. Write them down and identify if they are about rights, land, or law.

Wortherkunft

The word is derived from the Arabic root N-H-K (ن-ه-ك). In classical Arabic, the primary meaning of this root is related to exhaustion, the wearing out of a garment, or reaching the very end of one's strength. It implies a process of thinning or weakening something through use or force.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To exhaust, to wear down, or to reach the limit.

Semitic (Arabic)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful using this word for minor personal disagreements, as it sounds very accusatory and formal. It is better suited for legal or moral discussions.

In English, we use 'violation' for everything from a parking ticket to a war crime. In Arabic, 'Intihak' is reserved for the more serious end of that spectrum.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Arabic translation uses 'Intihakat') Al-Jazeera News (frequent use in 'Marsad' segments) Legal codes of Egypt and Jordan

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Human Rights

انتهاك حقوق الإنسان
تقرير عن الانتهاكات
ضحايا الانتهاك
وقف الانتهاكات

Technology

انتهاك الخصوصية
انتهاك البيانات
انتهاك حقوق الطبع
ثغرة أمنية تؤدي لانتهاك

Politics/War

انتهاك السيادة
انتهاك وقف إطلاق النار
انتهاك المجال الجوي
انتهاك المعاهدة

Legal

انتهاك الدستور
انتهاك العقد
عقوبة الانتهاك
إثبات الانتهاك

Social/Moral

انتهاك الحرمة
انتهاك الثقة
انتهاك الآداب العامة
انتهاك الكرامة

Gesprächseinstiege

"هل تعتقد أن وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي تسبب انتهاكاً للخصوصية؟"

"ما هي أخطر انتهاكات حقوق الإنسان في نظرك اليوم؟"

"كيف يمكننا حماية أنفسنا من انتهاك البيانات الشخصية؟"

"هل يمثل هذا القانون الجديد انتهاكاً لحرية التعبير؟"

"متى يكون انتهاك القواعد ضرورياً في حالات الطوارئ؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

اكتب عن موقف شعرت فيه أن خصوصيتك تعرضت لانتهاك.

ناقش الفرق بين 'المخالفة البسيطة' و 'الانتهاك الجسيم' في القانون.

اكتب رسالة إلى منظمة دولية تدين فيها انتهاك حقوق معينة.

كيف يؤثر انتهاك الثقة على العلاقات بين الأصدقاء؟

تحدث عن أهمية القوانين في منع انتهاكات حقوق الطفل.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, in modern usage, 'Intihak' always refers to the breaking of a rule, law, or right in a way that is considered wrong or illegal. It carries a heavy negative connotation and is used to condemn actions.

Technically you could, but it would sound very strange. For a parking ticket or a minor rule, use the word 'مخالفة' (mukhālafa). 'Intihak' is reserved for serious matters like human rights or state sovereignty.

The verb is 'انتهك' (intahaka), which means 'to violate.' For example: 'انتهك الرجل القانون' (The man violated the law).

You say 'انتهاكات حقوق الإنسان' (intihākāt huqūq al-insān). It is almost always used in the plural 'انتهاكات' in this context.

The exact Form VIII noun 'Intihak' is not in the Quran, but the root 'n-h-k' and related concepts of 'hurumat' (sanctities) are central to Islamic legal thought.

'Kharq' is often used for 'breaching' a treaty, a truce, or even a silence. 'Intihak' is more common for rights, privacy, and laws. They are close, but 'Intihak' feels more like a moral trespass.

It is used for the *result* of an assault on someone's dignity or body (e.g., 'انتهاك جسدي'), but the act of hitting someone is usually 'اعتداء' (i'tidā').

It follows the sound feminine plural pattern: انتهاك (singular) becomes انتهاكات (plural).

Yes, it is extremely common. You will see it in almost every news report regarding international law, war, or civil rights.

No, it is used in an Idafa (possessive) construction. You say 'انتهاك القانون' (violation [of] the law) directly.

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